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Martin Wahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fouled snails in flow potential of epibionts on littorina littorea to increase drag and reduce snail growth rates
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1996Co-Authors: Martin WahlAbstract:Epibiosis is one of the closest interspecies associations. The presence of epibionts potentially causes a multitude of beneficial or detrimental effects for the basibiont. It has been shown previously that large epibionts may increase the risk of dislodgement of bivalves. In this study, sublethal effects of epibiont-induced drag increase are investigated. I assessed (1) the effects of common epibiont species (Balanus improvisus, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ectocarpus sp.) on drag properties of the host (the periwinkle Littorina littorea), and (2) the long-term consequences of drag increase on growth rates of snails living in steady flow. All epibiont species increase drag on the host snail. They do so to unequal extents. This may be due to morphological and hydrodynamic differences among the epibionts. Thus, per unit volume of epibiont, the Filamentous Alga Ectocarpus sp, has a substantially stronger effect than the barnacles. Synergistic effects on drag increase can be observed in a mixed aufwuchs community. As compared to clean conspecifics, snails bearing artificial epibionts grow 35% more slowly when exposed to moderate, steady flow (8 cm s(-1)) for 5 mo. This difference in growth rates is enhanced when food is limited. I hypothesize that fouled snails coping with higher drag invest more energy into foot activities (muscles and mucus). As a consequence, when food is limited, growth rates decrease in fouled snails.
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fouled snails in flow potential of epibionts on littorina littorea to increase drag and reduce snail growth rates
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1996Co-Authors: Martin WahlAbstract:Epibiosis is one of the closest interspecies associations. The presence of epibionts potentially causes a multitude of beneficial or detrimental effects for the basibiont. It has been shown previously that large epibionts may increase the risk of dislodgement of bivalves. In this study, sublethal effects of epibiont-induced drag increase are investigated. I assessed (1) the effects of common epibiont species (Balanus improvisus, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ectocarpus sp.) on drag properties of the host (the periwinkle Littorina littorea), and (2) the long-term consequences of drag increase on growth rates of snails living in steady flow. All epibiont species increase drag on the host snail. They do so to unequal extents. This may be due to morphological and hydrodynamic differences among the epibionts. Thus, per unit volume of epibiont, the Filamentous Alga Ectocarpus sp, has a substantially stronger effect than the barnacles. Synergistic effects on drag increase can be observed in a mixed aufwuchs community. As compared to clean conspecifics, snails bearing artificial epibionts grow 35% more slowly when exposed to moderate, steady flow (8 cm s(-1)) for 5 mo. This difference in growth rates is enhanced when food is limited. I hypothesize that fouled snails coping with higher drag invest more energy into foot activities (muscles and mucus). As a consequence, when food is limited, growth rates decrease in fouled snails.
Elizabeth A Bergey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diatoms on the carapace of common snapping turtles luticola spp dominate despite spatial variation in assemblages
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Elizabeth A BergeyAbstract:Filamentous Algae are often visible on the carapaces of freshwater turtles and these Algae are dominated by a few species with varying geographic distributions. Compared to Filamentous Algae, little is known about the much more speciose microAlgae on turtles. Our objectives were to compare the diatom flora on a single turtle species (the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina) across part of its range to examine spatial patterns and determine whether specific diatom taxa were consistently associated with turtles (as occurs in the Filamentous Alga Basicladia spp.). Using preserved turtle specimens from museums, we systematically sampled diatoms on the carapaces of 25 snapping turtles across five states. The diverse diatom assemblages formed two groups–the southern Oklahoma group and the northern Illinois/Wisconsin/New York group, with Arkansas not differing from either group. Of the six diatom species found in all five states, four species are widespread, whereas Luticola cf. goeppertiana and L. cf. mutica are undescribed species, known only from turtles in our study. L. cf. goeppertiana comprised 83% of the diatom abundance on Oklahoma turtles and was relatively more abundant on southern turtles (Oklahoma and Arkansas) than on northern turtles (where mean abundance/state was > 10%). L. cf. mutica was the most abundant species (40%) on New York turtles. Some Luticola species are apparently turtle associates and results support a pattern of spatial variation in Luticola species, similar to that in Basicladia. Using museum specimens is an efficient and effective method to study the distribution of micro-epibionts.
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Diatoms on the carapace of common snapping turtles: Luticola spp. dominate despite spatial variation in assemblages
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2017Co-Authors: Elizabeth A BergeyAbstract:We thank Cameron Siler, Caryn Vaughn, and Eric Bright for providing advice and comments on versions the manuscript, and Jessa Watters and Alan Resetar for assistance at the Sam Noble Museum and Field Museum, respectively. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript.Filamentous Algae are often visible on the carapaces of freshwater turtles and these Algae are dominated by a few species with varying geographic distributions. Compared to Filamentous Algae, little is known about the much more speciose microAlgae on turtles. Our objectives were to compare the diatom flora on a single turtle species (the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina) across part of its range to examine spatial patterns and determine whether specific diatom taxa were consistently associated with turtles (as occurs in the Filamentous Alga Basicladia spp.). Using preserved turtle specimens from museums, we systematically sampled diatoms on the carapaces of 25 snapping turtles across five states. The diverse diatom assemblages formed two groups–the southern Oklahoma group and the northern Illinois/Wisconsin/New York group, with Arkansas not differing from either group. Of the six diatom species found in all five states, four species are widespread, whereas Luticola cf. goeppertiana and L. cf. mutica are undescribed species, known only from turtles in our study. L. cf. goeppertiana comprised 83% of the diatom abundance on Oklahoma turtles and was relatively more abundant on southern turtles (Oklahoma and Arkansas) than on northern turtles (where mean abundance/state was > 10%). L. cf. mutica was the most abundant species (40%) on New York turtles. Some Luticola species are apparently turtle associates and results support a pattern of spatial variation in Luticola species, similar to that in Basicladia. Using museum specimens is an efficient and effective method to study the distribution of micro-epibionts.Yeshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#pee
Juliann M Battle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abandoned coal mine drainage and its remediation impacts on stream ecosystem structure and function
Ecological Applications, 2012Co-Authors: Thomas L. Bott, Matthew E. Mctammany, Bernard W Sweeney, John K Jackson, Denis J Newbold, Steven T Rier, Juliann M BattleAbstract:The effects of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) on streams and responses to remediation efforts were studied using three streams (AMD-impacted, remediated, reference) in both the anthracite and the bituminous coal mining regions of Pennsylvania (USA). Response variables included ecosystem function as well as water chemistry and macroinvertebrate community composition. The bituminous AMD stream was extremely acidic with high dissolved metals concentrations, a prolific mid-summer growth of the Filamentous Alga, Mougeotia, and >10-fold more chlorophyll than the reference stream. The anthracite AMD stream had a higher pH, substrata coated with iron hydroxide(s), and negligible chlorophyll. Macroinvertebrate communities in the AMD streams were different from the reference streams, the remediated streams, and each other. Relative to the reference stream, the AMD stream(s) had (1) greater gross primary productivity (GPP) in the bituminous region and undetectable GPP in the anthracite region, (2) greater ecosystem r...
David F Spencer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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productivity of the Filamentous Alga pithophora oedogonia chlorophyta in surrey lake indiana1
Journal of Phycology, 2004Co-Authors: Steven W Oneal, Carole A Lembi, David F SpencerAbstract:Biomass, akinete numbers, net photosynthesis, and respiration of Pithophora oedogonia were monitored over two growing seasons in shallow Surrey Lake, Indiana. Low rates of photosynthesis occurred from late fall to early spring and increased to maximum levels in late spring to summer (29–39 mgO2·g−1 dry wt·h−1). Areal biomass increased following the rise in photosynthesis and peaked in autumn (163–206g dry wt·m−2). Photosynthetic rates were directly correlated with temperature, nitrogen, and phosphorus over the entire annual cycle and during the growing season. Differences in photosynthetic activity and biomass between the two growing seasons (1980 and 1981) were apparently related to higher, early spring temperatures and higher levels of NO3-N and PO4-P in 1981. Laboratory investigations of temperature and light effects on Pithophora photosynthesis and respiration indicated that these processes were severely inhibited below 15°C. The highest Pmax value occurred at 35°C (0.602 μmol O2·mg−1 chl a·min−1). Rates of dark respiration did not increase above 25°C thus contributing to a favorable balance of photosynthetic production to respiratory utilization at high temperatures. Light was most efficiently utilized at 15°C as indicated by minimum values of Ik(47 μE·m−2·s−1) and Ic (6 μE·m−2·s−1). Comparison of P. oedogonia and Cladophora glomerata indicated that the former was more tolerant of temperatures above 30°C. Pithophora's tolerance of high temperature and efficient use of low light intensity appear to be adaptive to conditions found within the dense, floating Algal mats and the shallow littoral areas inhabited by this Filamentous Alga.
Mikhail V Nekhoroshev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass of green Filamentous Alga cladophora chlorophyta from a hypersaline lake in crimea as a prospective source of lutein and other pigments
Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts, 2021Co-Authors: аleksander V Prazukin, Yuri K Firsov, Elena V Gureeva, Sergey V Kapranov, Svetlana N Zheleznova, Takashi Maoka, Mikhail V NekhoroshevAbstract:Abstract The Filamentous green Alga Cladophora spp. is one of the most common plants to be found in various water bodies, from fresh to hypersaline ones. The goals of this work are to determine the pigment composition and content in the green Filamentous Alga Cladophora spp. occurring in the hypersaline Lake Khersonesskoye (the Crimean Peninsula) and to assess the potential use of Cladophora mats as a cheap raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries. Cladophora mats were found to have vertical stratification with pronounced morphological and biochemical characters of the layers. In the vertical layered structure of the mat, the floating and bottom mats are clearly distinguishable. Using HPLC, MS/MS, MS and UV–Vis methods, the contents of all-trans lutein (0.55 ± 0.25 mg·g−1 dry weight, d.w.), lutein cis-isomers (0.17 ± 0.07 mg·g−1 d.w.), and siphonaxanthin (0.057 ± 0.026 mg·g−1 d.w.) were determined in the lower layer of the Cladophora floating mat. A comparative analysis of the literature data as regards the content of lutein and siphonaxanthin in various natural sources showed the promise of producing these carotenoids industrially from Cladophora spp., taking into account the large and renewable resources of these Algae in Crimean lakes.