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Andrea I Schafer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m 3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m 3 . When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m 3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m 3 . Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m 3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m 3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m3. When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m3. Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

Bryce S Richards - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m 3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m 3 . When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m 3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m 3 . Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m 3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m 3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m3. When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m3. Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

Thomas Pietzsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m 3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m 3 . When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m 3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m 3 . Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m 3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m 3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m3. When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m3. Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

Gavin L Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m 3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m 3 . When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m 3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m 3 . Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m 3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m 3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

  • renewable energy powered membrane technology brackish water desalination system operated using real wind fluctuations and energy buffering
    Journal of Membrane Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bryce S Richards, Gavin L Park, Thomas Pietzsch, Andrea I Schafer
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of a wind-powered membrane filtration system using a brackish water reverse osmosis (BW30) module and synthetic brackish (5500 mg/L NaCl) feed water was determined. When tested with real wind speed data (average wind speed 6.1 m/s; interval of 1 s) over one day of realistic fluctuation levels, the wind-membrane system produced 0.78 m3 of water with a Final Concentration of 191 mg/L NaCl at an average specific energy consumption (SEC) of 7.2 kWh/m3. When a single bank of supercapacitor (SC) energy buffers were added to the system, performance increased to 0.93 m3 of permeate produced and a Final Concentration of 173 mg/L NaCl at average SEC of 4.2 kWh/m3. Tripling the size of the SC bank further increased productivity to 1.15 m3 (47% increase) at a Final Concentration 172 mg/L NaCl and average SEC of 3.1 kWh/m3 (57% reduction). The time spent within the safe operating window (SOW) per day, increased from 8 h12 m under the poorest operating conditions up to 19 h56 m with the triple SC bank. Importantly, the results indicate that steady-state system performance at an average wind speed can be used as a very good indicator of the expected performance under fluctuating wind conditions. The results described can assist with the design of autonomous, decentralised, off-grid renewable energy powered water treatment systems and help decide whether to include energy buffering components.

Gregory E Rice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • contribution of type ii pla2 to prostaglandin formation a study using a type ii pla2 specific inhibitor sb 203347
    Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, 1999
    Co-Authors: Melinda J Munns, Roger G King, Gregory E Rice
    Abstract:

    Arachidonic acid (AA) mobilization by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and subsequent prostaglandin synthesis is considered to be a pivotal event in inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a Type II PLA2 specific inhibitor, SB 203347, in reducing prostaglandin production in Type II PLA2-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in human placenta. In both experimental models uilised, Type II PLA2 represents the principal isozyme contributing to total PLA2 enzymatic activity. PLA2 enzymatic activity released into cell culture media and placental explant media was quantified by radiolabelled substrate assay [14C-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)]. Immunoreactive prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) Concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. SB 203347 (at 0.1–10 μM Final Concentration) inhibited PLA2 enzymatic activity released by Zn++-activated CHO cells by up to 60% (P < 0.0001). The Concentration of PGF2α present in culture media was concomitantly reduced by up to 90% (P < 0.0001). Similar results were observed for human placental explants. Treatment of human placental explants with SB 203347 (1 μM Final Concentration) significantly reduced PLA2 enzymatic activity recovered in media after 24 h incubation (P < 0.0001; n = 10). Incubation media PGF2α Concentrations were also reduced by 60% (P < 0.00001). The addition of endogenous arachidonic acid (30 μM Final Concentration) significantly attenuated SB 203347-inhibition of PGF2α release (P < 0.01). The data obtained in this study are consistent with the hypothesis that Type II PLA2 contributes to the liberation of arachidonic acid for prostanoid formation in human placenta and in cells that abundantly express this isozyme.