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T R Mcclanahan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predation and the control of the sea urchin echinometra viridis and fleshy algae in the patch reefs of glovers reef belize
Ecosystems, 1999Co-Authors: T R McclanahanAbstract:The massive reduction in sea urchin Diadema antillarum populations since the mid-1980s has been associated with large increases in the abundance of fleshy algae on many Caribbean reefs despite the availability of other sea urchin and Finfish grazers. This study examined the ecology of a grazer living sympatrically with D. antillarum, the common and abundant sea urchin Echinometra viridis. I examined the role that Finfish and invertebrate predators play in controlling the distribution of E. viridis as well as the ability of this sea urchin to control exposed fleshy algae on the patch reefs of the Glovers Reef Atoll lagoon. I found that the major predators of this sea urchin were Calamus bajonado (jolthead porgy), Balistes vetula and Canthidermis sufflamen (queen and ocean triggerfish), Lachnolaimus maximus (hogfish), and a gastropod, probably Cassis madagascariensis. The abundance of E. viridis is constrained by predation, which restricts E. viridis to cryptic locations, such as crevices. Sea urchins bit a smaller percentage of experimental algal assays than Finfish. Finfish herbivory was associated positively with patch reef topographic complexity. Unexpectedly, E. viridis abundance was positively correlated with fleshy algal abundance, but negatively correlated with the frequency of Finfish bites. Predators restrict E. viridis to crevices and therefore reduce their influence on exposed fleshy algae, even at moderately high population densities (up to 10 per square meter). Since net benthic primary production of coral reefs is most strongly associated with herbivory on exposed surfaces, it would appear that E. viridis is unable to maintain the same production as reefs dominated by D. antillarum.
Martin H. Posey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of Salt Marsh Size and Landscape Setting on Salt Marsh Nekton Populations
Estuaries and Coasts, 2014Co-Authors: David L. Meyer, Martin H. PoseyAbstract:Recruitment- and predation-related effects on populations of salt marsh codominants mummichog ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) and pinfish ( Lagodon rhomboides ), were examined based on marsh size and landscape setting. Six island marshes—three small island marshes (SIM) ~40–1,000 m^2 and three large island marshes (LIM) ~3,000–10,000 m^2—were paired with six expansive fringing marshes (EFM), each >76,000 m^2 in size and located within ~1.0 km of a paired SIM or LIM. Over a 2-year period, triannual collections at these sites assessed F . heteroclitus , L . rhomboides , and predator Finfish populations as well as habitat characteristics. No significant population density trends were apparent for L . rhomboides young-of-year (YOY) or year-one-and-older (Y1+) cohorts based on marsh size or were any significant differences in density apparent among marsh types. F. heteroclitus YOY and Y1+ densities differed significantly among marsh types demonstrating a positive relationship between density and marsh size. Larval and juvenile F . heteroclitus abundances were significantly lower within SIM than LIM and EFM. Although larval F . heteroclitus abundances between LIM and EFM did not differ significantly, juvenile abundances did, suggesting mortality constrained LIM juvenile abundances. A significant negative relationship of F . heteroclitus to predator Finfish density and a significant negative relationship of predator Finfish density to low marsh area/perimeter (access restriction) estimates suggest that predation on F . heteroclitus is greater within SIM and LIM than within EFM. Habitat and landscape level attributes can affect resident nekton population regulation and these effects should be considered relative to the life history traits of targeted species when managing coastal resources.
Antonio Pais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current status and future perspectives of Italian Finfish aquaculture
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2014Co-Authors: Giuliana Parisi, Gerardo Centoducati, Genciana Terova, Pier Paolo Gatta, Giovanna Piccolo, Vittorio Maria Moretti, Alessandra Roncarati, Laura Gasco, Antonio PaisAbstract:Currently available data show that shellfish and Finfish production in Italy, derived both from fisheries and aquaculture activities, is on the order of 474,000 tons, each activity representing 50 % of the total amount. In this context, the Finfish aquaculture industry contributes on average 31 % to the national aquaculture production and on average 59 % of its value, giving a total amount of 72,000 tons and a value of around 351 million € (2010). According to FEAP statistics, Italy is the fourth largest Finfish producer in EU27, after the UK, Greece, and Spain, while it is also one of the six largest Finfish producers among the non-EU and EU member countries, together with Norway, UK, Greece, Turkey, and Spain. Presently, fish culture activities are mainly focused on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 55.5 %), followed by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, 13.6 %), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, 12.2 %), gray mullet (Mugil cephalus, 5.3 %), sturgeon (Acipenser spp., 2 %), and European eel (Anguilla anguilla, 1.7 %). Over the last 20 years, freshwater fish production and aquaculture (trout, carp, and eel) have decreased in Italy, with the exception of sturgeon. In contrast, marine fish production has significantly increased during the same period, and the two leading species, European sea bass and gilthead sea bream, presently contribute 25.8 % of the Finfish production. From 1,900 tons in 1990, production reached 19,000 tons in 2010, with a 900 % increase, at an average percentage of 4.5 %. In addition, new marine fish species were successfully cultured over the same period. This review outlines the past and present situation of Finfish culture in Italy and discusses future developments and priorities, with particular emphasis on new, emerging aquaculture species.
Vincent Balzano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new shrimp trawl combination grid system that reduces small shrimp and Finfish bycatch
Fisheries Research, 2013Co-Authors: Vincent BalzanoAbstract:Abstract The Nordmore Grid developed more than twenty years ago has significantly reduced Finfish bycatch in the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fishery in Europe and North America. However, the grid does not reduce the catch of small shrimp and juvenile fish that are able to pass through the spaces between grid bars. A comprehensive project was initiated to reduce Finfish discards and small shrimp in the Gulf of Maine northern shrimp fishery. The project designed, tested, and optimized a size-sorting grid ( He and Balzano, 2012a , He and Balzano, 2012b ) and a radically modified Nordmore-style grid (the Rope Grid, He and Balzano, 2011 ). These previous papers reported the results of the separate designs (either size-sorting grid or the Rope Grid). This paper reports performance of a combination grid in a shrimp trawl consisting of a 9 mm spacing size-sorting grid and a Rope Grid. The combination grid (9Rope) reduced both small shrimp and Finfish bycatch when compared to a regular Nordmore Grid (RNG). The new combination grid reduced Finfish bycatch by 33%, with a small reduction of targeted shrimp catch (12%). The Finfish reduction was length-related for three of the above four species with greater reductions for larger individuals. The combination grid is practical to handle and has potential for commercial use in the northern shrimp fishery in Gulf of Maine and other regions where similar target and bycatch species are mixed.
Hesham Taher Naas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio spp. in Finfish sold in Tripoli fish markets, Libya
The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2020Co-Authors: Emad Ramadan Abodaia, Hanan Lotfi Eshamah, Hesham Taher NaasAbstract:Background: The occurrence of Vibrio spp. in raw fish is common, especially from temperate climates regions, in both natural and farm environments, and in all kinds of fish. Whereas, limited data have been reported on antibiotic resistance strains of Vibrio spp. Aim: The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. including antibiotic resistance strains in fresh Finfish samples as well as evaluation of their antibiogram. Material and methods: Samples of 122 fresh Finfish were purchased from two main fish markets in Tripoli, Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of Vibrio spp. and its antibiogram. Results: A total of 68 Vibrios belonging to six different species were isolated, the most predominant species were V. fluvialis 45(66.2%), followed by V. alginolyticus 10(14.7%), V. cholera 9(13.2%), V. parahemolyticus 2(2.9%), V. vulnificus and V. hollisae 1(1.5%). All of the isolates showed different degrees of resistance toward tested antibiotics. The isolates showed high resistance to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxytetracyline, cephalothin, while for streptomycin the resistance rate was the lowest. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a high incidence of Vibrio spp. in raw Finfish samples and this finding suggests that, fish sold in Tripoli fish markets could be a source of potential health hazard. This is because some of the isolated strains were resistant to the most popular antibiotics used in human and aquaculture treatments. Besides, study results indicated that, antibiotic resistance strains are common in raw Finfish sold in both markets. Improvements in handling and processing are needed to minimize the prevalence of such pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: Vibrio spp., Finfish, Mullet, Sardine, Antibiotic Resistance.
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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio spp. in Finfish Sold in Tripoli Fish Markets, Libya
The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2020Co-Authors: Emad Ramadan Abodaia, Hanan Eshamah, Hesham Taher NaasAbstract:Background: The occurrence of Vibrio spp. in raw fish is common, especially from temperate climates regions, in both natural and farm environments, and in all kind of fish. Whereas, limited data have been reported on antibiotic resistance strains of Vibrio spp. Aim: The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. including antibiotic resistance strains in fresh Finfish samples as well as evaluation of their antibiogram. Material and methods: Samples of 122 fresh Finfish were purchased from two main fish markets in Tripoli, Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of Vibrio spp. and its antibiogram. Results: A total of 68 Vibrio’s belonging to six different species were isolated, the most predominant species were V. fluvialis 45(66.2%), followed by V. alginolyticus 10(14.7%), V. cholera 9(13.2%), V. parahemolyticus 2(2.9%), V. vulnificus and V. hollisae 1(1.5%). All of the isolates showed different degree of resistance toward tested antibiotics. The isolates showed high resistance to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxytetracylin, cephalothin, while for streptomycin the resistance rate was the lowest. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a high incidence of Vibrio spp. in raw Finfish samples and this finding suggests that, fish sold in Tripoli fish markets could be a source of potential health hazard. This is because some of isolated strains were resistant to most popular antibiotics used in human and aquaculture treatments. Besides, study results indicated that, antibiotic resistance strains are common in raw Finfish sold in both markets. Improvements in handling and processing are needed to minimize the prevalence of such pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: Vibrio spp., Finfish, Mullet, Sardine, Antibiotic Resistance.