The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan J. Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biocatalytic nerve agent detoxification in Fire Fighting Foams.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999Co-Authors: Keith E Lejeune, Alan J. RussellAbstract:Current events across the globe necessitate rapid technological advances to combat the epidemic of nerve agent chemical weapons. Biocatalysis has emerged as a viable tool in the detoxification of organophosphorus neurotoxins, such as the chemical weapons VX and sarin. Efficient detoxification of contaminated equipment, machinery, and soils are of principal concern. This study describes the incorporation of a biocatalyst (organophosphorus hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.8.1) into conventional formulations of Fire Fighting Foam. The capacity of Fire Fighting Foams to decrease volatilization of contained contaminants, increase surface wettability, and control the rate of enzyme delivery to large areas makes them useful vehicles for enzyme application at surfaces. The performance of enzyme containing Foams has been shown to be not only reproducible but also predictable. An empirical model provides reasonable estimations for the amounts of achievable surface decontamination as a function of the important parameters of the system. Theoretical modeling illustrates that the enzyme-containing Foam is capable of extracting agent from the surface and is catalytically active at the Foam–surface interface and throughout the Foam itself. Biocatalytic Foam has proven to be an effective, “environmentally friendly” means of surface and soil decontamination. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 659–665, 1999.
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Biocatalytic nerve agent detoxification in Fire Fighting Foams
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999Co-Authors: Keith E Lejeune, Alan J. RussellAbstract:Current events across the globe necessitate rapid technological advances to combat the epidemic of nerve agent chemical weapons. Biocatalysis has emerged as a viable tool in the detoxification of organophosphorus neurotoxins, such as the chemical weapons VX and sarin. Efficient detoxification of contaminated equipment, machinery, and soils are of principal concern. This study describes the incorporation of a biocatalyst (organophosphorus hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.8.1) into conventional formulations of Fire Fighting Foam. The capacity of Fire Fighting Foams to decrease volatilization of contained contaminants, increase surface wettability, and control the rate of enzyme delivery to large areas makes them useful vehicles for enzyme application at surfaces. The performance of enzyme containing Foams has been shown to be not only reproducible but also predictable. An empirical model provides reasonable estimations for the amounts of achievable surface decontamination as a function of the important parameters of the system. Theoretical modeling illustrates that the enzyme-containing Foam is capable of extracting agent from the surface and is catalytically active at the Foam-surface interface and throughout the Foam itself. Biocatalytic Foam has proven to be an effective, 'environmentally friendly' means of surface and soil decontamination.
Dorte Herzke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
2020Co-Authors: Juliane Glüge, Dorte Herzke, Martin Scheringer, Ian Cousins, Jamie C. Dewitt, Gretta Goldenman, Rainer Lohmann, Carla Ng, Xenia Trier, Zhanyun WangAbstract:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern because of their very high persistence and impacts on human and environmental health. Currently, many different PFAS (on the order of several thousands) are used in a wide range of applications and there is no comprehensive source of information on the many individual substances and their functions in different applications. Here we provide a broad overview of many use categories where PFAS have been employed and for which function; we also specify which PFAS have been used and discuss the magnitude of the uses. Our compilation is not exhaustive, but it was still possible to demonstrate that PFAS are used in almost all industry branches and many consumer products. In total, more than 200 use categories and subcategories were identified for more than 1400 individual PFAS. The identified use categories include many categories not previously described in the scientific literature but also a lot of well-known categories such as textile impregnation, Fire-Fighting Foam, and electroplating. Besides a detailed description of use categories, the present study also contains a list of the identified PFAS per use category. On this basis, a database of exact masses of 1400 PFAS is provided that is intended to facilitate the analytical detection of many more individual PFAS in the future.
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the structure of the Fire Fighting Foam surfactant forafac 1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Sandra Huber, Johan Svenson, An Hagenaars, Martial Pabon, Monika Trumper, Urs Berger, Dries Knapen, Dorte HerzkeAbstract:Abstract For several decades, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has widely been used as a fluorinated surfactant in aqueous film forming Foams used as hydrocarbon fuel Fire extinguishers. Due to concerns regarding its environmental persistence and toxicological effects, PFOS has recently been replaced by novel fluorinated surfactants such as Forafac®1157, developed by the DuPont company. The major component of Forafac®1157 is a 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), and a link between the trade name and the exact chemical structure is presented here to the scientific community for the first time. In the present work, the structure of the 6:2 FTAB was elucidated by 1 H, 13 C and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, its major metabolites from blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) and turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) and its photolytic transformation products were identified. Contrary to what has earlier been observed for PFOS, the 6:2 FTAB was extensively metabolized by blue mussel and turbot exposed to Forafac®1157. The major metabolite was a deacetylated betaine species, from which mono- and di-demethylated metabolites also were formed. Another abundant metabolite was the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide. In another experiment, Forafac®1157 was subjected to UV-light induced photolysis. The experimental conditions aimed to simulate Arctic conditions and the deacetylated species was again the primary transformation product of 6:2 FTAB. A 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide was also formed along with a non-identified transformation product. The environmental presence of most of the metabolites and transformation products was qualitatively demonstrated by analysis of soil samples taken in close proximity to an airport Fire training facility.
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The structure of the Fire Fighting Foam surfactant Forafac®1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Sandra Huber, Johan Svenson, An Hagenaars, Martial Pabon, Monika Trumper, Urs Berger, Dries Knapen, Dorte HerzkeAbstract:Abstract For several decades, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has widely been used as a fluorinated surfactant in aqueous film forming Foams used as hydrocarbon fuel Fire extinguishers. Due to concerns regarding its environmental persistence and toxicological effects, PFOS has recently been replaced by novel fluorinated surfactants such as Forafac®1157, developed by the DuPont company. The major component of Forafac®1157 is a 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), and a link between the trade name and the exact chemical structure is presented here to the scientific community for the first time. In the present work, the structure of the 6:2 FTAB was elucidated by 1 H, 13 C and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, its major metabolites from blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) and turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) and its photolytic transformation products were identified. Contrary to what has earlier been observed for PFOS, the 6:2 FTAB was extensively metabolized by blue mussel and turbot exposed to Forafac®1157. The major metabolite was a deacetylated betaine species, from which mono- and di-demethylated metabolites also were formed. Another abundant metabolite was the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide. In another experiment, Forafac®1157 was subjected to UV-light induced photolysis. The experimental conditions aimed to simulate Arctic conditions and the deacetylated species was again the primary transformation product of 6:2 FTAB. A 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide was also formed along with a non-identified transformation product. The environmental presence of most of the metabolites and transformation products was qualitatively demonstrated by analysis of soil samples taken in close proximity to an airport Fire training facility.
Keith E Lejeune - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biocatalytic nerve agent detoxification in Fire Fighting Foams.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999Co-Authors: Keith E Lejeune, Alan J. RussellAbstract:Current events across the globe necessitate rapid technological advances to combat the epidemic of nerve agent chemical weapons. Biocatalysis has emerged as a viable tool in the detoxification of organophosphorus neurotoxins, such as the chemical weapons VX and sarin. Efficient detoxification of contaminated equipment, machinery, and soils are of principal concern. This study describes the incorporation of a biocatalyst (organophosphorus hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.8.1) into conventional formulations of Fire Fighting Foam. The capacity of Fire Fighting Foams to decrease volatilization of contained contaminants, increase surface wettability, and control the rate of enzyme delivery to large areas makes them useful vehicles for enzyme application at surfaces. The performance of enzyme containing Foams has been shown to be not only reproducible but also predictable. An empirical model provides reasonable estimations for the amounts of achievable surface decontamination as a function of the important parameters of the system. Theoretical modeling illustrates that the enzyme-containing Foam is capable of extracting agent from the surface and is catalytically active at the Foam–surface interface and throughout the Foam itself. Biocatalytic Foam has proven to be an effective, “environmentally friendly” means of surface and soil decontamination. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 659–665, 1999.
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Biocatalytic nerve agent detoxification in Fire Fighting Foams
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1999Co-Authors: Keith E Lejeune, Alan J. RussellAbstract:Current events across the globe necessitate rapid technological advances to combat the epidemic of nerve agent chemical weapons. Biocatalysis has emerged as a viable tool in the detoxification of organophosphorus neurotoxins, such as the chemical weapons VX and sarin. Efficient detoxification of contaminated equipment, machinery, and soils are of principal concern. This study describes the incorporation of a biocatalyst (organophosphorus hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.8.1) into conventional formulations of Fire Fighting Foam. The capacity of Fire Fighting Foams to decrease volatilization of contained contaminants, increase surface wettability, and control the rate of enzyme delivery to large areas makes them useful vehicles for enzyme application at surfaces. The performance of enzyme containing Foams has been shown to be not only reproducible but also predictable. An empirical model provides reasonable estimations for the amounts of achievable surface decontamination as a function of the important parameters of the system. Theoretical modeling illustrates that the enzyme-containing Foam is capable of extracting agent from the surface and is catalytically active at the Foam-surface interface and throughout the Foam itself. Biocatalytic Foam has proven to be an effective, 'environmentally friendly' means of surface and soil decontamination.
Sandra Huber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the structure of the Fire Fighting Foam surfactant forafac 1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Sandra Huber, Johan Svenson, An Hagenaars, Martial Pabon, Monika Trumper, Urs Berger, Dries Knapen, Dorte HerzkeAbstract:Abstract For several decades, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has widely been used as a fluorinated surfactant in aqueous film forming Foams used as hydrocarbon fuel Fire extinguishers. Due to concerns regarding its environmental persistence and toxicological effects, PFOS has recently been replaced by novel fluorinated surfactants such as Forafac®1157, developed by the DuPont company. The major component of Forafac®1157 is a 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), and a link between the trade name and the exact chemical structure is presented here to the scientific community for the first time. In the present work, the structure of the 6:2 FTAB was elucidated by 1 H, 13 C and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, its major metabolites from blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) and turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) and its photolytic transformation products were identified. Contrary to what has earlier been observed for PFOS, the 6:2 FTAB was extensively metabolized by blue mussel and turbot exposed to Forafac®1157. The major metabolite was a deacetylated betaine species, from which mono- and di-demethylated metabolites also were formed. Another abundant metabolite was the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide. In another experiment, Forafac®1157 was subjected to UV-light induced photolysis. The experimental conditions aimed to simulate Arctic conditions and the deacetylated species was again the primary transformation product of 6:2 FTAB. A 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide was also formed along with a non-identified transformation product. The environmental presence of most of the metabolites and transformation products was qualitatively demonstrated by analysis of soil samples taken in close proximity to an airport Fire training facility.
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The structure of the Fire Fighting Foam surfactant Forafac®1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Sandra Huber, Johan Svenson, An Hagenaars, Martial Pabon, Monika Trumper, Urs Berger, Dries Knapen, Dorte HerzkeAbstract:Abstract For several decades, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has widely been used as a fluorinated surfactant in aqueous film forming Foams used as hydrocarbon fuel Fire extinguishers. Due to concerns regarding its environmental persistence and toxicological effects, PFOS has recently been replaced by novel fluorinated surfactants such as Forafac®1157, developed by the DuPont company. The major component of Forafac®1157 is a 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), and a link between the trade name and the exact chemical structure is presented here to the scientific community for the first time. In the present work, the structure of the 6:2 FTAB was elucidated by 1 H, 13 C and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, its major metabolites from blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) and turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) and its photolytic transformation products were identified. Contrary to what has earlier been observed for PFOS, the 6:2 FTAB was extensively metabolized by blue mussel and turbot exposed to Forafac®1157. The major metabolite was a deacetylated betaine species, from which mono- and di-demethylated metabolites also were formed. Another abundant metabolite was the 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide. In another experiment, Forafac®1157 was subjected to UV-light induced photolysis. The experimental conditions aimed to simulate Arctic conditions and the deacetylated species was again the primary transformation product of 6:2 FTAB. A 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide was also formed along with a non-identified transformation product. The environmental presence of most of the metabolites and transformation products was qualitatively demonstrated by analysis of soil samples taken in close proximity to an airport Fire training facility.
Bruno Ameduri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide)-b-oligo-(ethylene oxide) diblock surfactant obtained by radical reactions
Polymer Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Jiří Lapčík, Olinda Gimello, Vincent Ladmiral, Chadron Mark Friesen, Bruno AmeduriAbstract:The synthesis and characterization of a new oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide)-b-oligo(ethylene oxide), oligo(HFPO)-b-oligo(PEG), diblock co-oligomer are presented. First, the model reactions dealing with the radical addition of 1-iodoperfluorohexane (C 6 F 13 I) onto allyl alcohol and allyl-O-PEG-OCH 3 were optimized in terms of the choice of the initiator (azobisisobutyronitrile [AIBN], tert-butylperoxypivalate [TBBPi], and benzoyl peroxide [BPO]) and of the solvent, temperature, and time. Allyl-O-PEG-OCH 3 was obtained from the etherification of ω-hydroxy-PEG with allyl bromide. End-capping of oligo(HFPO) with PEG was successfully achieved by the radical addition of 1-iodoperfluoropropyl-2-oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide) [oligo(HFPO)-CF(CF 3 )CF 2 I] onto allyl-O-PEG-OCH 3 using the best conditions of the model reactions. Although TBPPi failed and led to oligo(HFPO)-isobutyl iodide, AIBN and BPO yielded oligo (HFPO)-CH 2 CHICH 2 -oligo(PEG). The selective reduction of the latter compound led to oligo(HFPO)-b-oligo(PEG) in 77% yield, the surface tension properties of which were compared to those of commercially available ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Its critical micelle concentration was 0.04 g mol −1 . All models, intermediates, and diblock co-oligomers were characterized Introduction Polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are useful chemicals involved in a wide range of products. Among them, molecules that bear both fluorinated hydrophobic moieties and hydrophilic parts, called "surfactants", 1-4 are valuable compounds. Surfactants are being used in more than 200 applications 5-10 ranging from the protection of surfaces (textile, paper, carpets, masonry, metal, and leather), as stimulating fluids for oil recovery, Fire-Fighting Foam, skin protection from chemical agents, soil and stain-repellents, plane hydraulic fluids, 1,11 paints, lubricants, electroplating, photographic emulsifiers, pressure sensitive additives, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides, or are involved in cosmetic formulations. Perfluorooctanoic by 1 H, 19 F, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS).