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Antonietta Curci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lessons for the courtroom from the study of Flashbulb Memory an integrative review
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Antonietta Curci, Tiziana Lanciano, Donatella Curtotti, Giuseppe Sartori
    Abstract:

    In legal proceedings, when no corroboration is possible with external sources of evidence, judges and jurors derive from their own experience the criteria to ascertain if a Memory report is accurat...

  • measuring the Flashbulb like nature of memories for private events the Flashbulb Memory checklist
    Memory, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tiziana Lanciano, Antonietta Curci, Grazia Matera, Giuseppe Sartori
    Abstract:

    What do we remember following an emotionally charged event? The assessment of Memory characteristics for an emotional event represents one of the most challenging issues in the domain of autobiogra...

  • i knew it would happen and i remember it the Flashbulb Memory for the death of pope john paul ii
    Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tiziana Lanciano, Antonietta Curci, Emanuela Soleti
    Abstract:

    Flashbulb Memory (FBM) has been defined as a vivid and detailed Memory for the circumstances under which one first learned of a consequential and emotionally involving event. The present study aimed to assess a FBM for expected events, i.e., the death of Pope John Paul II, across four different religious groups (i.e., Catholic, Orthodox, No Religion, and Other Religion). Furthermore, the study addressed to test the extent to which the FBM features and the emotional and social FBM determinants vary as a function of the importance given to the event within each religious group. Results showed that all participants, regardless of their religious affiliation, exhibited a consistent Memory of the details related to the reception context of the expected news. Additionally, the results emphasized the effect of the religious affiliation on the FBM features, and on the variables traditionally associated with FBM. Compared to the other religious groups, Catholic participants exhibited the highest FBM Consistency for the Pope’s death, and they were the most emotionally and socially involved in the event. Implications for the FBM debate are discussed.

  • “I Knew It Would Happen ... And I Remember It!”: The Flashbulb Memory for the Death of Pope John Paul II
    Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tiziana Lanciano, Antonietta Curci, Emanuela Soleti
    Abstract:

    Flashbulb Memory (FBM) has been defined as a vivid and detailed Memory for the circumstances under which one first learned of a consequential and emotionally involving event. The present study aimed to assess a FBM for expected events, i.e., the death of Pope John Paul II, across four different religious groups (i.e., Catholic, Orthodox, No Religion, and Other Religion). Furthermore, the study addressed to test the extent to which the FBM features and the emotional and social FBM determinants vary as a function of the importance given to the event within each religious group. Results showed that all participants, regardless of their religious affiliation, exhibited a consistent Memory of the details related to the reception context of the expected news. Additionally, the results emphasized the effect of the religious affiliation on the FBM features, and on the variables traditionally associated with FBM. Compared to the other religious groups, Catholic participants exhibited the highest FBM Consistency for the Pope’s death, and they were the most emotionally and socially involved in the event. Implications for the FBM debate are discussed.

  • do automatic mental associations detect a Flashbulb Memory
    Memory, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tiziana Lanciano, Antonietta Curci, Stefano Mastandrea, Giuseppe Sartori
    Abstract:

    Flashbulb memories (FBMs) are defined as detailed memories for the reception context in which people first heard of a public and emotionally relevant event. For many years researchers have been debating whether FBMs can be considered a special class of emotional memories, or whether they suffer the same fate as ordinary autobiographical formations. The debate on the real existence of this special class of memories reflects the difficulty of establishing their accuracy. Three indices have been defined as proxies for FBM accuracy: specificity of recalled details, individuals’ confidence in their Memory, and Memory consistency over time. However, all approaches to FBM assessment have been based on explicit self-report measures. In two studies we aimed to detect FBMs for two emotional public events, by simultaneously employing explicit traditional FBM measures and implicit measures based on the autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT). Jointly considered, the results from the two studies showed that ...

Lauren R Shapiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • remembering september 11th the role of retention interval and rehearsal on Flashbulb and event Memory
    Memory, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lauren R Shapiro
    Abstract:

    Retention interval and rehearsal effects on Flashbulb and event Memory for 11th September 2001 (9/11) were examined. In Experiment 1, college students were assessed three times (Groups 1 and 2) or once (Group 3) over 11 weeks. In Experiment 2, three new groups assessed initially at 23 weeks (Group 4), 1 year (Group 5), or 2 years (Group 6) were compared at 1 year and at 2 years with subsamples of those assessed previously. No effects of retention interval length or rehearsal were found for Flashbulb Memory, which contained details at each assessment. Event Memory, but not consistency, was detrimentally affected by long retention intervals, but improved with rehearsal. Recall was higher for the reception event than for the main events. Also, consistency from 1 day to 11 weeks, but not 1 year to 2 years, was higher for Flashbulb Memory than for event Memory. Event recall was enhanced when respondents conceived of their Memory as vivid, frozen, and encompassing a longer period of time. Positive correlations were found for event Memory with confidence in accuracy and with rehearsal through discussion at 2 years. Language: en

  • remembering september 11th the role of retention interval and rehearsal on Flashbulb and event Memory
    Memory, 2006
    Co-Authors: Lauren R Shapiro
    Abstract:

    Retention interval and rehearsal effects on Flashbulb and event Memory for 11th September 2001 (9/11) were examined. In Experiment 1, college students were assessed three times (Groups 1 and 2) or once (Group 3) over 11 weeks. In Experiment 2, three new groups assessed initially at 23 weeks (Group 4), 1 year (Group 5), or 2 years (Group 6) were compared at 1 year and at 2 years with subsamples of those assessed previously. No effects of retention interval length or rehearsal were found for Flashbulb Memory, which contained details at each assessment. Event Memory, but not consistency, was detrimentally affected by long retention intervals, but improved with rehearsal. Recall was higher for the reception event than for the main events. Also, consistency from 1 day to 11 weeks, but not 1 year to 2 years, was higher for Flashbulb Memory than for event Memory. Event recall was enhanced when respondents conceived of their Memory as vivid, frozen, and encompassing a longer period of time. Positive correlations were found for event Memory with confidence in accuracy and with rehearsal through discussion at 2 years. Language: en

Olivier Luminet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the 9 11 attacks inside and outside the us testing four models of Flashbulb Memory formation across groups and the specific effects of social identity
    Memory, 2009
    Co-Authors: Olivier Luminet, Antonietta Curci
    Abstract:

    Flashbulb memories (FBMs) are consistent recollections of specific details of the reception context of events. Four theoretical models accounting for FBM formation (Brown & Kulik, 1977; Conway et al., 1994; Er, 2003; Finkenauer et al., 1998) were tested on average 21 and 524 days after the 9/11 attacks in the US in 2001 in two groups of participants (US, N=112; non-US, N=727). Structural equation modelling revealed that (1) a revision of Finkenauer et al.'s (1998) model provided the best fit indices in both the US and non-US groups, (2) several relations among latent variables that were predicted by the three other models (Brown & Kulik, 1977; Conway et al., 1994; Er, 2003) were not significant, (3) with respect to Finkenauer et al's model, the "direct path" (from novelty/surprise to FBMs) was found to be significant only for the US group, while the "indirect path" (from emotional states, rehearsal and event-Memory to FBMs) was only significant for the non-US group. It is suggested that the specific activation of social identity in the US group can explain these differences.

  • follow up of a cross national comparison on Flashbulb and event Memory for the september 11th attacks
    Memory, 2006
    Co-Authors: Antonietta Curci, Olivier Luminet
    Abstract:

    Flashbulb memories are defined as vivid and long-lasting memories for the reception context of an important public event (Brown & Kulik, 1977). They are supposed to be triggered by both emotional reactions to the original event and rehearsal processes (Brown & Kulik, 1977; Finkenauer, Luminet, Gisle, El-Ahmadi, van der Linden, & Philippot, 1998; Neisser & Harsch, 1992). A test-retest design (21 vs 524 days after the event on average) was employed to assess Flashbulb Memory and event Memory for the September 11th attacks and the impact of their emotional and rehearsal predictors in a sample of 985 respondents coming from six countries (i.e., Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania, Japan, and the USA). Results showed that national membership had a significant impact on event Memory, and the emotional and rehearsal variables, but Flashbulb memories for the September 11th attacks were found to be high and consistent across different countries. The implications of these findings for the debate about the nature and maintenance of Flashbulb memories are discussed.

  • the cognitive emotional and social impacts of the september 11 attacks group differences in Memory for the reception context and the determinants of Flashbulb Memory
    Journal of General Psychology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Olivier Luminet, Antonietta Curci, Elizabeth J Marsh, Ineke Wessel, Ticu Constantin, Faruk Gencoz, Masao Yogo
    Abstract:

    The authors examined group differences in memories for hearing the news of and reactions to the September 11 attacks in 2001. They measured Memory for reception context (immediate Memory for the circumstances in which people first heard the news) and 11 predictors of the consistency of Memory for reception context over time (Flashbulb Memory). Shortly after 9/11, a questionnaire was distributed to 3,665 participants in 9 countries. U.S. vs. non-U.S. respondents showed large differences in self-rated importance of the news and in Memory for event-related facts. The groups showed moderate differences in background knowledge and emotional-feeling states. Within non-U.S. groups, there were large differences for emotional-feeling states and moderate differences for personal rehearsal, background knowledge, and attitudes toward the United States. The authors discuss the implications of those findings for the study of group differences in Memory and for the formation of Flashbulb memories.

  • Flashbulb memories in social groups a comparative test retest study of the Memory of french president mitterrand s death in a french and a belgian group
    Memory, 2001
    Co-Authors: Antonietta Curci, Catrin Finkenauer, Olivier Luminet, Lydia Gisle
    Abstract:

    Flashbulb memories are vivid and long-lasting memories for the reception context of an important public event (Brown & Kulik, 1977). They are assumed to be triggered by emotional factors (i.e., intensity of emotional feeling, appraisal of the original event) and by social factors (i.e., social sharing of the news, following media debate about the event). The present study investigated the Memory for the death of the former President of France F. Mitterrand in two social groups, i.e., French and Belgian people. This study tests whether the Flashbulb Memory attributes, the Memory for the original event, and the impact of the emotional and social determinants of Flashbulb Memory differed across groups. The results indicated that the Flashbulb Memory for Mitterrand's death is affected by group provenance, as French people showed higher levels of recall for the Flashbulb Memory attributes and their determinants than Belgian people. Time impaired recollections in both groups, so that Flashbulb memories appear prone to decay and share the same destiny as ordinary memories. The theoretical construct of concern--as the most basic antecedent of emotional experiences and its related appraisal (Frijda, 1994)--is discussed in order to explain the differences in Memory of the two social groups.

Susanna Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Flashbulb Memory referring back to brown and kulik s definition
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Carla Tinti, Barbara Muzzulini, Silvia Testa, Martin A. Conway, Susanna Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Since Brown and Kulik's (1977. Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99. http://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X) seminal work, a central issue in Memory literature is whether Flashbulb memories (FBMs) hold a special status within autobiographical recalls. To address this issue, we refer back to Brown and Kulik's definition of FBM as a snapshot of the reception context of an important public news and propose a method to identify the contents of this snapshot. Although Brown and Kulik found that the majority of FBM's contents could be classified within six canonical categories (CCs), here we claim that assessing the presence of FBMs through guided CCs' questions - as done by most researchers in this field - can be misleading. We suggest, instead, to use free recall reports to identify the consistent perceptual elements of the snapshot. Across two test-retest studies, we show that the contents of FBMs assessed by free reports and the contents of CCs assessed by guided questions, do not exactly coincide. Moreover, a structural equation model supports results of previous research about the determinants of FBM and reveals that FBM facilitates the recall of more consistent explicitly requested CCs' contents. Theoretical implications concerning the qualitative contents of FBMs and the debate about their consistency are discussed.

  • Flashbulb Memory: referring back to Brown and Kulik’s definition
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Barbara Muzzulini, Carla Tinti, Silvia Testa, Martin A. Conway, Susanna Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Since Brown and Kulik’s (1977. Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73–99. http://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X) seminal work, a central issue in Memory literature is whether Flashbulb memories...

  • Flashbulb Memory referring back to brown and kulik s definition
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Barbara Muzzulini, Carla Tinti, Silvia Testa, Martin A. Conway, Susanna Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Since Brown and Kulik’s (1977. Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73–99. http://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X) seminal work, a central issue in Memory literature is whether Flashbulb memories...

  • Distinct processes shape Flashbulb and event memories
    Memory & Cognition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Carla Tinti, Susanna Schmidt, Silvia Testa, Linda J Levine
    Abstract:

    In the present study, we examined the relation between Memory for a consequential and emotional event and Memory for the circumstances in which people learned about that event, known as Flashbulb Memory . We hypothesized that these two types of Memory have different determinants and that event Memory is not necessarily a direct causal determinant of Flashbulb Memory. Italian citizens ( N = 352) described their memories of Italy’s victory in the 2006 Football World Cup Championship after a delay of 18 months. Structural equation modeling showed that Flashbulb Memory and event Memory could be clearly differentiated and were determined by two separate pathways. In the first pathway, importance predicted emotional intensity, which, in turn, predicted the frequency of overt and covert rehearsal. Rehearsal was the only direct determinant of vivid and detailed Flashbulb memories. In the second pathway, importance predicted rehearsal by media exposure, which enhanced the accuracy and certainty of event Memory. Event Memory was also enhanced by prior knowledge. These results have important implications for the debate concerning whether the formation of Flashbulb Memory and event Memory involve different processes and for understanding how Flashbulb Memory can be simultaneously so vivid and so error-prone.

  • Distinct processes shape Flashbulb and event memories
    2013
    Co-Authors: Carla Tinti, Susanna Schmidt, Silvia Testa, Linda J Levine
    Abstract:

    # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract In the present study, we examined the relation between Memory for a consequential and emotional event and Memory for the circumstances in which people learned about that event, known as Flashbulb Memory. We hypothesized that these two types of Memory have different determinants and that event Memory is not necessarily a direct causal determinant of Flashbulb Memory. Italian citizens (N = 352) described their memories of Italy’s victory in the 2006 FootballWorld Cup Championship after a delay of 18months. Structural equation modeling showed that Flashbulb Memory and event Memory could be clearly differentiated and were determined by two separate pathways. In the first pathway, importance predicted emotional intensity, which, in turn, predicted the frequency of overt and covert rehearsal. Rehearsal was the only direct determinant of vivid and detailed Flashbulb memories. In the second pathway, importance predicted rehearsal by media exposure, which enhanced the accuracy and certainty of event Memory. Event Memory was also enhanced by prior knowledge. These results have important implications for the debate concerning whether the formation of Flashbulb Memory and event Memory involve different processes and for understanding how Flashbulb Memory can be simultaneously so vivid and so error-prone

Carla Tinti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Flashbulb Memory referring back to brown and kulik s definition
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Carla Tinti, Barbara Muzzulini, Silvia Testa, Martin A. Conway, Susanna Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Since Brown and Kulik's (1977. Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99. http://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X) seminal work, a central issue in Memory literature is whether Flashbulb memories (FBMs) hold a special status within autobiographical recalls. To address this issue, we refer back to Brown and Kulik's definition of FBM as a snapshot of the reception context of an important public news and propose a method to identify the contents of this snapshot. Although Brown and Kulik found that the majority of FBM's contents could be classified within six canonical categories (CCs), here we claim that assessing the presence of FBMs through guided CCs' questions - as done by most researchers in this field - can be misleading. We suggest, instead, to use free recall reports to identify the consistent perceptual elements of the snapshot. Across two test-retest studies, we show that the contents of FBMs assessed by free reports and the contents of CCs assessed by guided questions, do not exactly coincide. Moreover, a structural equation model supports results of previous research about the determinants of FBM and reveals that FBM facilitates the recall of more consistent explicitly requested CCs' contents. Theoretical implications concerning the qualitative contents of FBMs and the debate about their consistency are discussed.

  • Flashbulb Memory: referring back to Brown and Kulik’s definition
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Barbara Muzzulini, Carla Tinti, Silvia Testa, Martin A. Conway, Susanna Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Since Brown and Kulik’s (1977. Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73–99. http://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X) seminal work, a central issue in Memory literature is whether Flashbulb memories...

  • Flashbulb Memory referring back to brown and kulik s definition
    Memory, 2020
    Co-Authors: Barbara Muzzulini, Carla Tinti, Silvia Testa, Martin A. Conway, Susanna Schmidt
    Abstract:

    Since Brown and Kulik’s (1977. Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73–99. http://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X) seminal work, a central issue in Memory literature is whether Flashbulb memories...

  • Distinct processes shape Flashbulb and event memories
    Memory & Cognition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Carla Tinti, Susanna Schmidt, Silvia Testa, Linda J Levine
    Abstract:

    In the present study, we examined the relation between Memory for a consequential and emotional event and Memory for the circumstances in which people learned about that event, known as Flashbulb Memory . We hypothesized that these two types of Memory have different determinants and that event Memory is not necessarily a direct causal determinant of Flashbulb Memory. Italian citizens ( N = 352) described their memories of Italy’s victory in the 2006 Football World Cup Championship after a delay of 18 months. Structural equation modeling showed that Flashbulb Memory and event Memory could be clearly differentiated and were determined by two separate pathways. In the first pathway, importance predicted emotional intensity, which, in turn, predicted the frequency of overt and covert rehearsal. Rehearsal was the only direct determinant of vivid and detailed Flashbulb memories. In the second pathway, importance predicted rehearsal by media exposure, which enhanced the accuracy and certainty of event Memory. Event Memory was also enhanced by prior knowledge. These results have important implications for the debate concerning whether the formation of Flashbulb Memory and event Memory involve different processes and for understanding how Flashbulb Memory can be simultaneously so vivid and so error-prone.

  • Distinct processes shape Flashbulb and event memories
    2013
    Co-Authors: Carla Tinti, Susanna Schmidt, Silvia Testa, Linda J Levine
    Abstract:

    # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract In the present study, we examined the relation between Memory for a consequential and emotional event and Memory for the circumstances in which people learned about that event, known as Flashbulb Memory. We hypothesized that these two types of Memory have different determinants and that event Memory is not necessarily a direct causal determinant of Flashbulb Memory. Italian citizens (N = 352) described their memories of Italy’s victory in the 2006 FootballWorld Cup Championship after a delay of 18months. Structural equation modeling showed that Flashbulb Memory and event Memory could be clearly differentiated and were determined by two separate pathways. In the first pathway, importance predicted emotional intensity, which, in turn, predicted the frequency of overt and covert rehearsal. Rehearsal was the only direct determinant of vivid and detailed Flashbulb memories. In the second pathway, importance predicted rehearsal by media exposure, which enhanced the accuracy and certainty of event Memory. Event Memory was also enhanced by prior knowledge. These results have important implications for the debate concerning whether the formation of Flashbulb Memory and event Memory involve different processes and for understanding how Flashbulb Memory can be simultaneously so vivid and so error-prone