The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arleen Marcia Tuchman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unintended consequences of the Flexner Report women in pediatrics
Pediatrics, 2010Co-Authors: Shari L Barkin, Elena Fuentesafflick, Jeffrey P Brosco, Arleen Marcia TuchmanAbstract:The 1910 Flexner Report is recognized as a critical component of the transition to the current model of medical education. Within a decade of the Report's publication, the curriculum of nearly every American medical school included 2 years of basic science education and 2 years of clinical apprenticeship. By midcentury, the practice of medicine focused on acute care visits and technologically sophisticated procedures performed in hospitals. As we mark the 100th anniversary of the Flexner Report, it is also important to draw attention to one of the unintended consequences of Flexner-era reforms, namely, the near elimination of women in the physician workforce between 1910 and 1970. In this essay we briefly trace the history of women in medicine in the decades surrounding the Flexner Report and suggest some implications for the future of pediatrics at a time when women outnumber men. In the late 19th century, there were hundreds of medical schools in the United States, and the quality of medical education varied substantially. Generally, medical schools offered minimal training in basic science, and few schools provided their students with the opportunity to acquire clinical skills. Concerned about this situation, the American Medical Association worked with the Carnegie Foundation to hire a professional educator, Abraham Flexner, to review the state of medical education in the United States. Flexner chose the Johns Hopkins Medical School as the model educational system, and he toured medical schools throughout the country to gather information about current standards of education. His Report, which was considered provocative when it was issued in 1910, indicted the quality of medical education in most American medical schools. The recommendations focused on rigorous entrance requirements, longer periods of study, and more attention to the basic and clinical sciences. The principles in the … Address correspondence to Shari L. Barkin, MD, MSHS, 8232 Doctor's Office Tower, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232-9225. E-mail: shari.barkin{at}vanderbilt.edu
Vivian C Mcalister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the life of john wishart 1850 1926 study of an academic surgical career prior to the Flexner Report
World Journal of Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Emily Claydon, Vivian C McalisterAbstract:Background The 1910 Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada is often taken as the point when medical schools in North America took on their modern form. However, many fundamental advances in surgery, such as anesthesia and asepsis, predated the Report by decades. To understand the contribution of educators in this earlier period, we investigated the forgotten career of John Wishart, founding Professor of Surgery at Western University, London Ontario.
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The Life of John Wishart (1850–1926): Study of an Academic Surgical Career Prior to the Flexner Report
World Journal of Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Emily Claydon, Vivian C McalisterAbstract:Background The 1910 Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada is often taken as the point when medical schools in North America took on their modern form. However, many fundamental advances in surgery, such as anesthesia and asepsis, predated the Report by decades. To understand the contribution of educators in this earlier period, we investigated the forgotten career of John Wishart, founding Professor of Surgery at Western University, London Ontario.
Shari L Barkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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unintended consequences of the Flexner Report women in pediatrics
Pediatrics, 2010Co-Authors: Shari L Barkin, Elena Fuentesafflick, Jeffrey P Brosco, Arleen Marcia TuchmanAbstract:The 1910 Flexner Report is recognized as a critical component of the transition to the current model of medical education. Within a decade of the Report's publication, the curriculum of nearly every American medical school included 2 years of basic science education and 2 years of clinical apprenticeship. By midcentury, the practice of medicine focused on acute care visits and technologically sophisticated procedures performed in hospitals. As we mark the 100th anniversary of the Flexner Report, it is also important to draw attention to one of the unintended consequences of Flexner-era reforms, namely, the near elimination of women in the physician workforce between 1910 and 1970. In this essay we briefly trace the history of women in medicine in the decades surrounding the Flexner Report and suggest some implications for the future of pediatrics at a time when women outnumber men. In the late 19th century, there were hundreds of medical schools in the United States, and the quality of medical education varied substantially. Generally, medical schools offered minimal training in basic science, and few schools provided their students with the opportunity to acquire clinical skills. Concerned about this situation, the American Medical Association worked with the Carnegie Foundation to hire a professional educator, Abraham Flexner, to review the state of medical education in the United States. Flexner chose the Johns Hopkins Medical School as the model educational system, and he toured medical schools throughout the country to gather information about current standards of education. His Report, which was considered provocative when it was issued in 1910, indicted the quality of medical education in most American medical schools. The recommendations focused on rigorous entrance requirements, longer periods of study, and more attention to the basic and clinical sciences. The principles in the … Address correspondence to Shari L. Barkin, MD, MSHS, 8232 Doctor's Office Tower, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232-9225. E-mail: shari.barkin{at}vanderbilt.edu
Josef E Fischer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flexner and the whole time system the second Flexner Report and the whole time system in american academic surgery
American Journal of Surgery, 1999Co-Authors: Josef E FischerAbstract:BACKGROUND: Reform in medical education started in the mid 19th century and continued through the early decades of the 20th century. Both Carnegie and Rockefeller foundation monies were applied to the process of attempting to improve medical education. The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, associated with a municipal hospital and a municipally owned university, offered a model for improvements in medical education in other municipal hospitals. The attempt to institute the “whole-time” (“fulltime” salaried, “University”) system, and restructure the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine along radical lines hitherto unknown in much of the country and in particular to the city of Cincinnati, disturbed the relationship of the College of Medicine with the community and echoes to this day. The tensions between the “University-salaried” professors of clinical surgery and the practitioners attempting to practice at the institution have abated but remain unresolved. CONCLUSION: The history of the establishment of the full-time chairs, including the Christian R. Holmes Chair of Surgery, led to a rethinking of the role that the full-time system might play in American medical education. Am J Surg. 1999; 178:2‐13. © 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.
Emily Claydon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the life of john wishart 1850 1926 study of an academic surgical career prior to the Flexner Report
World Journal of Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Emily Claydon, Vivian C McalisterAbstract:Background The 1910 Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada is often taken as the point when medical schools in North America took on their modern form. However, many fundamental advances in surgery, such as anesthesia and asepsis, predated the Report by decades. To understand the contribution of educators in this earlier period, we investigated the forgotten career of John Wishart, founding Professor of Surgery at Western University, London Ontario.
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The Life of John Wishart (1850–1926): Study of an Academic Surgical Career Prior to the Flexner Report
World Journal of Surgery, 2012Co-Authors: Emily Claydon, Vivian C McalisterAbstract:Background The 1910 Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada is often taken as the point when medical schools in North America took on their modern form. However, many fundamental advances in surgery, such as anesthesia and asepsis, predated the Report by decades. To understand the contribution of educators in this earlier period, we investigated the forgotten career of John Wishart, founding Professor of Surgery at Western University, London Ontario.