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Magella Guillemette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Do Seaducks Minimise the Flightless Period?: Inter- and Intra-Specific Comparisons of Remigial Moult
2016Co-Authors: Anouck Viain, Jean-pierre L. Savard, Scott Gillil, Matthew C. Perry, Magella GuillemetteAbstract:Remigial moult is one of the crucial events in the annual life cycle of waterfowl as it is energetically costly, lasts several weeks, and is a period of high vulnerability due to Flightlessness. In waterfowl, remigial moult can be considered as an energy-predation trade-off, meaning that heavier individuals would minimise the flightless period by increasing feather growth rate and energy expenditure. Alternatively, they could reduce body mass at the end of this period, thereby reducing wing-loading to increase flight capability. We studied timing of remigial moult, primary growth rates, Flightlessness duration, and the pattern of body mass variation in 5 species of captive seaducks (Melanitta fusca, M. perspicillata, Clangula hyemalis, Histrionicus histrionicus, and Somateria mollissima) ranging in size from 0.5 to 2.0 kg. Their feather growth rates weakly increased with body mass (M0.059) and no correlation was found at the intra-specific level. Consequently, heavier seaduck species and especially heavier individuals had a longer flightless period. Although birds had access to food ad libidum, body mass first increased then decreased, the latter coinciding with maximum feather growth rate. Level of body mass when birds regained flight ability was similar to level observed at the beginning of remigial moult, suggesting they were not using a strategic reduction of body mass to reduce the Flightlessness duration. We suggest that the moulting strategy of seaducks may be the result of a compromise between using an intense moult strategy (simultaneous moult) and a low feather growth rate without prejudice to feather quality. Despite the controlled captive status of the studied seaducks
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Flightlessness duration and emergence date of flight feathers of moulting Common Eiders (Atlantic) (Somateria mollisima dresseri) exposed to two water temperatures.
2016Co-Authors: Anouck Viain, Magella GuillemetteAbstract:Flightlessness duration and emergence date of flight feathers of moulting Common Eiders (Atlantic) (Somateria mollisima dresseri) exposed to two water temperatures.
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Data_PONE-D-15-53646
2016Co-Authors: Anouck Viain, Magella GuillemetteAbstract:Data of body mass, feather growth rate and Flightlessness duration of common eiders (Somateria mollissima dresseri) exposed to warm and cold water treatments
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body and organ mass dynamics during remigial moult in a wing foot propelled diving sea duck the common eider atlantic somateria mollissima dresseri
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2015Co-Authors: Anouck Viain, Magella Guillemette, J P L SavardAbstract:Body and organ dynamics, during remigial moult, have been mainly explored on geese, dabbling ducks, and foot-propelled diving ducks, but weakly on sea ducks. This study investigated the internal changes in a wing–foot-propelled sea duck to determine the adaptive strategies implemented. Forty-five male Common Eiders (Atlantic) (Somateria mollissima dresseri Sharpe, 1871), collected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, were dissected; their body mass, muscle mass, and organ sizes were measured. We tested three hypotheses: (1) S. m. dresseri use a strategic reduction of body mass to reduce the Flightlessness duration; (2) organs will exhibit changes consistent with a trade-off between function and maintenance to save and reallocate energy and proteins to feather growth; (3) S. m. dresseri would show lower flight muscle reduction than foot-propelled diving ducks. Somateria mollissima dresseri did not lose body mass, which does not support the first hypothesis. Atrophy of the heart followed by hypertrophy and opposite...
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Flightlessness and the energetic cost of wing molt in a large sea duck
Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: Magella Guillemette, David Pelletier, Jeanmarc Grandbois, P J ButlerAbstract:Although the replacement of feathers apparently represents the major event of somatic production in the annual cycle of wild birds, knowledge about the energetics of molt has always been hampered by logistical and technical difficulties, which are exacerbated by the fact that birds are able to compensate behaviorally to buffer any variation in energy demand. During wing molt, sea ducks (Mergini) and other diving birds lose all of their wing feathers at once, leading to a period of temporary Flightlessness of variable duration, a condition that considerably restricts their movements and increases the probability of predation. In the present study, we present the first results aimed at quantifying the duration of Flightlessness, energy expenditure, and foraging effort during molt of a wing-propelled diving bird, the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima). Data loggers were implanted in the body cavity of 13 females to record heart rate and hydrostatic pressure (depth) every two seconds for a period of 220 days. Flight frequency and duration were assessed from elevated and constant heart rate, and the absence of flight was used to quantify the duration of Flightlessness, which lasted, on average, 36 ± 8 days (mean ± SD). Using a period of four weeks before and four weeks after the flightless period, we found that dive depth (ranging from 1 to 2 m, on average) and daily diving time did not vary during the course of the study. Daily metabolic rate increased by 9%, and resting metabolic rate by 12% from the pre-molt period to the flightless period and remained high during the post-molt period. This study indicates that the energetic costs of replacing flight remiges in female eiders are substantial, although this is not associated with any change in foraging effort, which suggests that female Common Eiders lose mass during wing molt. Finally, estimates of energy savings associated with the total absence of flights during wing molt represent 6% of daily metabolic rate or 14% of resting metabolic rate. This finding contrasts with the classical view that little or no benefit is associated with a flightless condition. We suggest that such energy savings may have favored the evolution of temporary Flightlessness in diving birds.
Jean-françois Ouellet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporary Flightlessness in pre laying common eiders somateria mollissima are females constrained by excessive wing loading or by minimal flight muscle ratio
Ibis, 2005Co-Authors: Magella Guillemette, Jean-françois OuelletAbstract:Large body size, small wings and relatively low flight muscle mass are general attributes of Flightlessness in birds, but a general analysis is lacking when considering these factors simultaneously. Common Eiders Somateria mollissima are large sea ducks characterized by short, pointed wings of low surface area. Because females fast throughout incubation, they need to accumulate large body reserves prior to laying. During this pre-laying period, many females cannot take off, and dive when approached under still-air conditions, whereas males take off readily when disturbed. In this paper, we examine how pre-laying female Common Eiders fit the maximum wing-loading ratio of Meunier, the marginal flight muscle ratio (FMR) of Marden and predictions of a general model of take-off performance (also by Marden). Wing morphology was recorded and flight muscles were dissected from specimens collected during the pre-laying period near one breeding colony. In addition, take-off ability, as observed during collection, was compared with the proposed thresholds for Flightlessness and outputs from the general model of take-off performance. The results indicated that half of the pre-laying females exceeded the wing-loading ratio of Meunier, although all females had values above 0.160, the flight muscle ratio below which take-off would be impossible. We suggest that wing-loading and flight muscle ratio interact in Eiders, with higher FMR compensating for excessive wing-loading. Nevertheless, the model of take-off performance predicted, with reasonable accuracy, the behavioural observations under still-air conditions. Indeed, females that were predicted to be temporarily flightless could produce a specific lift of 8.8 N/kg on average (less than the 9.8 N/kg required to overcome gravity). In contrast, the average specific lift predicted for males capable of flight was estimated to be 11.4 N/kg. These results agree with our observations that female Common Eiders are at the limit of flight capability in vertebrates.
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Temporary Flightlessness as a potential cost of reproduction in pre-laying Common Eiders Somateria mollissima
Ibis, 2005Co-Authors: Magella Guillemette, Jean-françois OuelletAbstract:The rapid growth and reabsorption of the avian ovary is thought to be adaptive, as it reduces predation risk and the metabolic cost of flight. In this paper, we use an extreme case of parental investment to show how the survival of gravid birds may be impaired by reduced take-off ability. In still air, temporary Flightlessness is regularly observed in female Common Eiders Somateria mollissima preparing for breeding. From a sample of pre-laying females collected in the Baltic Sea, we quantified the relationships among body reserves, organ mass and take-off ability using a general model of take-off performance. Average body mass at the beginning and end of follicular growth was, respectively, 32% and 43% higher than winter body mass. Wing-loading increased significantly during ovary development whereas the relative mass of flight muscles decreased. In contrast, organ mass and somatic body mass were constant from early follicular growth until laying, indicating that the observed increase in body mass was caused by ovary growth. The average specific lift production of individuals collected at the beginning of follicular growth was 9.7 N/kg, which is similar to the lift required to become airborne (9.8 N/kg). As ovary mass increased, lift production decreased to 9.2 N/ kg at the onset of laying. These results indicate that temporary Flightlessness results from the accumulation of large body reserves and subsequent ovarian growth. Predators of Common Eiders are diverse and may come from air, water and land. We suggest that temporary Flightlessness may decrease adult survival through predation, and may represent an important cost of reproduction.
Gerlind U.c. Lehmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiple origin of Flightlessness in Phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus Odonturini (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Beata Grzywacz, Arne W. Lehmann, Dragan P. Chobanov, Gerlind U.c. LehmannAbstract:The possession of wings and ability to fly are a unifying character of higher insects, but secondary loss of wings is widespread. Within the bushcrickets, the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) comprises more than 2000 predominantly long-winged species in the tropics. However, the roughly 300 European representatives are mainly short-winged. The systematics of these radiations have been unclear, leading to their unreliable formal treatment, which has hindered analysis of the evolutionary patterns of flight loss. A molecular phylogeny is presented for 42 short-winged species and members of all European long-winged genera based on the combined data from three nuclear gene sequences (18S, H3, ITS2). We found four phylogenetic lineages: (i) the first included the short-wing species of the genus Odontura ; (ii) a further branch is represented by the South-American short-winged Cohnia andeana ; (iii) an assemblage of long-wing taxa with a deep branching pattern includes the members of the tribes Acrometopini, Ducetiini, Phaneropterini, and Tylopsidini; (iv) a large group contained all short-winged taxa of the tribe Barbitistini. Phaneropterinae Flightlessness originated twice in the Western Palaearctic, with a number of mainly allo- and parapatrically distributed species of the Barbistini in Southeastern Europe, and the Middle East and a limited number of Odontura species in Northern Africa and Southwestern Europe. Both short-winged lineages are well separated, which makes it necessary to restrict the tribe Odonturini to the West-Palaearctic genus Odontura . Other flightless genera previously included in the Odonturini are placed as incertae sedis until their phylogenetic position can be established.
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correction to multiple origin of Flightlessness in phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus odonturini orthoptera tettigonioidea phaneropteridae
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Beata Grzywacz, Arne W. Lehmann, Dragan P. Chobanov, Gerlind U.c. LehmannAbstract:The possession of wings and ability to fly are a unifying character of higher insects, but secondary loss of wings is widespread. Within the bushcrickets, the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) comprises more than 2000 predominantly long-winged species in the tropics. However, the roughly 300 European representatives are mainly short-winged. The systematics of these radiations have been unclear, leading to their unreliable formal treatment, which has hindered analysis of the evolutionary patterns of flight loss. A molecular phylogeny is presented for 42 short-winged species and members of all European long-winged genera based on the combined data from three nuclear gene sequences (18S, H3, ITS2). We found four phylogenetic lineages: (i) the first included the short-wing species of the genus Odontura; (ii) a further branch is represented by the South-American short-winged Cohnia andeana; (iii) an assemblage of long-wing taxa with a deep branching pattern includes the members of the tribes Acrometopini, Ducetiini, Phaneropterini, and Tylopsidini; (iv) a large group contained all short-winged taxa of the tribe Barbitistini. Phaneropterinae Flightlessness originated twice in the Western Palaearctic, with a number of mainly allo- and parapatrically distributed species of the Barbistini in Southeastern Europe, and the Middle East and a limited number of Odontura species in Northern Africa and Southwestern Europe. Both short-winged lineages are well separated, which makes it necessary to restrict the tribe Odonturini to the West-Palaearctic genus Odontura. Other flightless genera previously included in the Odonturini are placed as incertae sedis until their phylogenetic position can be established.
Beata Grzywacz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiple origin of Flightlessness in Phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus Odonturini (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Beata Grzywacz, Arne W. Lehmann, Dragan P. Chobanov, Gerlind U.c. LehmannAbstract:The possession of wings and ability to fly are a unifying character of higher insects, but secondary loss of wings is widespread. Within the bushcrickets, the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) comprises more than 2000 predominantly long-winged species in the tropics. However, the roughly 300 European representatives are mainly short-winged. The systematics of these radiations have been unclear, leading to their unreliable formal treatment, which has hindered analysis of the evolutionary patterns of flight loss. A molecular phylogeny is presented for 42 short-winged species and members of all European long-winged genera based on the combined data from three nuclear gene sequences (18S, H3, ITS2). We found four phylogenetic lineages: (i) the first included the short-wing species of the genus Odontura ; (ii) a further branch is represented by the South-American short-winged Cohnia andeana ; (iii) an assemblage of long-wing taxa with a deep branching pattern includes the members of the tribes Acrometopini, Ducetiini, Phaneropterini, and Tylopsidini; (iv) a large group contained all short-winged taxa of the tribe Barbitistini. Phaneropterinae Flightlessness originated twice in the Western Palaearctic, with a number of mainly allo- and parapatrically distributed species of the Barbistini in Southeastern Europe, and the Middle East and a limited number of Odontura species in Northern Africa and Southwestern Europe. Both short-winged lineages are well separated, which makes it necessary to restrict the tribe Odonturini to the West-Palaearctic genus Odontura . Other flightless genera previously included in the Odonturini are placed as incertae sedis until their phylogenetic position can be established.
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correction to multiple origin of Flightlessness in phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus odonturini orthoptera tettigonioidea phaneropteridae
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Beata Grzywacz, Arne W. Lehmann, Dragan P. Chobanov, Gerlind U.c. LehmannAbstract:The possession of wings and ability to fly are a unifying character of higher insects, but secondary loss of wings is widespread. Within the bushcrickets, the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) comprises more than 2000 predominantly long-winged species in the tropics. However, the roughly 300 European representatives are mainly short-winged. The systematics of these radiations have been unclear, leading to their unreliable formal treatment, which has hindered analysis of the evolutionary patterns of flight loss. A molecular phylogeny is presented for 42 short-winged species and members of all European long-winged genera based on the combined data from three nuclear gene sequences (18S, H3, ITS2). We found four phylogenetic lineages: (i) the first included the short-wing species of the genus Odontura; (ii) a further branch is represented by the South-American short-winged Cohnia andeana; (iii) an assemblage of long-wing taxa with a deep branching pattern includes the members of the tribes Acrometopini, Ducetiini, Phaneropterini, and Tylopsidini; (iv) a large group contained all short-winged taxa of the tribe Barbitistini. Phaneropterinae Flightlessness originated twice in the Western Palaearctic, with a number of mainly allo- and parapatrically distributed species of the Barbistini in Southeastern Europe, and the Middle East and a limited number of Odontura species in Northern Africa and Southwestern Europe. Both short-winged lineages are well separated, which makes it necessary to restrict the tribe Odonturini to the West-Palaearctic genus Odontura. Other flightless genera previously included in the Odonturini are placed as incertae sedis until their phylogenetic position can be established.
Dragan P. Chobanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiple origin of Flightlessness in Phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus Odonturini (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropteridae)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Beata Grzywacz, Arne W. Lehmann, Dragan P. Chobanov, Gerlind U.c. LehmannAbstract:The possession of wings and ability to fly are a unifying character of higher insects, but secondary loss of wings is widespread. Within the bushcrickets, the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) comprises more than 2000 predominantly long-winged species in the tropics. However, the roughly 300 European representatives are mainly short-winged. The systematics of these radiations have been unclear, leading to their unreliable formal treatment, which has hindered analysis of the evolutionary patterns of flight loss. A molecular phylogeny is presented for 42 short-winged species and members of all European long-winged genera based on the combined data from three nuclear gene sequences (18S, H3, ITS2). We found four phylogenetic lineages: (i) the first included the short-wing species of the genus Odontura ; (ii) a further branch is represented by the South-American short-winged Cohnia andeana ; (iii) an assemblage of long-wing taxa with a deep branching pattern includes the members of the tribes Acrometopini, Ducetiini, Phaneropterini, and Tylopsidini; (iv) a large group contained all short-winged taxa of the tribe Barbitistini. Phaneropterinae Flightlessness originated twice in the Western Palaearctic, with a number of mainly allo- and parapatrically distributed species of the Barbistini in Southeastern Europe, and the Middle East and a limited number of Odontura species in Northern Africa and Southwestern Europe. Both short-winged lineages are well separated, which makes it necessary to restrict the tribe Odonturini to the West-Palaearctic genus Odontura . Other flightless genera previously included in the Odonturini are placed as incertae sedis until their phylogenetic position can be established.
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correction to multiple origin of Flightlessness in phaneropterinae bushcrickets and redefinition of the tribus odonturini orthoptera tettigonioidea phaneropteridae
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Beata Grzywacz, Arne W. Lehmann, Dragan P. Chobanov, Gerlind U.c. LehmannAbstract:The possession of wings and ability to fly are a unifying character of higher insects, but secondary loss of wings is widespread. Within the bushcrickets, the subfamily Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) comprises more than 2000 predominantly long-winged species in the tropics. However, the roughly 300 European representatives are mainly short-winged. The systematics of these radiations have been unclear, leading to their unreliable formal treatment, which has hindered analysis of the evolutionary patterns of flight loss. A molecular phylogeny is presented for 42 short-winged species and members of all European long-winged genera based on the combined data from three nuclear gene sequences (18S, H3, ITS2). We found four phylogenetic lineages: (i) the first included the short-wing species of the genus Odontura; (ii) a further branch is represented by the South-American short-winged Cohnia andeana; (iii) an assemblage of long-wing taxa with a deep branching pattern includes the members of the tribes Acrometopini, Ducetiini, Phaneropterini, and Tylopsidini; (iv) a large group contained all short-winged taxa of the tribe Barbitistini. Phaneropterinae Flightlessness originated twice in the Western Palaearctic, with a number of mainly allo- and parapatrically distributed species of the Barbistini in Southeastern Europe, and the Middle East and a limited number of Odontura species in Northern Africa and Southwestern Europe. Both short-winged lineages are well separated, which makes it necessary to restrict the tribe Odonturini to the West-Palaearctic genus Odontura. Other flightless genera previously included in the Odonturini are placed as incertae sedis until their phylogenetic position can be established.