The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anthony E. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp
Field Crops Research, 1997Co-Authors: Jeffrey D. Ehlers, Anthony E. HallAbstract:Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a widely adapted, stress tolerant grain legume, vegetable, and Fodder Crop grown on about 7 million ha in warm to hot regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This review focuses on major breeding achievements, current objectives, and future opportunities for cowpea improvement. Early maturing cultivars have been developed with regionally acceptable grain quality and resistance to some important diseases and pests including bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora), cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica), cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) and the parasitic weeds Striga gesnerioides and Alectra vogelii. earliness is important in Africa and other regions because early cultivars can escape drought and some insect infestations, can provide the first food and marketable product available from the current growing season, and can be grown in a diverse array of Cropping systems. New early maturing cultivars with indeterminate growth habits have been very effective in the extremely dry and hot environment of the Sahel. Heat tolerant breeding lines have been developed which have markedly higher pod set than most cultivars under high night temperature conditions. Development of cultivars with multiple resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses is an important current breeding objective. Earliness, delayed leaf senescence, and indeterminate growth habit are characteristics which are being combined to improve drought adaptation. In the future, high levels of resistance to very important insect pests such as flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti), maruca pod borer (Maruca testulalis), lygus (Lygus hesperus), and pod bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis and others) need to identified. Genes from wild cowpeas or related Vigna species or genetic engineering may be necessary to develop cultivars with high levels of resistance to several of the major insect pests.
Charles Thomas Hash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and mapping of simple sequence repeat markers for pearl millet from data mining of expressed sequence tags
BMC Plant Biology, 2008Co-Authors: S Senthilvel, B Jayashree, V Mahalakshmi, Sathish P Kumar, Sridevi Nakka, T Nepolean, Charles Thomas HashAbstract:Background Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food and Fodder Crop of marginal agricultural lands of sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent. It is also a summer forage Crop in the southern USA, Australia and Latin America, and is the preferred mulch in Brazilian no-till soybean production systems. Use of molecular marker technology for pearl millet genetic improvement has been limited. Progress is hampered by insufficient numbers of PCR-compatible co-dominant markers that can be used readily in applied breeding programmes. Therefore, we sought to develop additional SSR markers for the pearl millet research community.
Mohammad Kafi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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KOCHIA SCOPARIA AS A MODEL PLANT TO EXPLORE THE IMPACT OF WATER DEFICIT ON HALOPHYTIC COMMUNITIES
2016Co-Authors: Mohammad Kafi, Masoume SalehiAbstract:Most halophyte species experience drought, salinity and high temperature stresses in their growth period, and sensitivity to any of these may affect plant tolerance to others. Among halophytes, Kochia scoparia have recently considered as forage and Fodder Crop in marginal lands. In order to evaluate interaction of saline water application and water deficit effect on growth parameters, water-salinity production function and physiological parameters, a series of experiments were conducted with different levels of saline water (1.5 to 42 dS/m) and different levels of applied water (25 to 125 % of the water requirement) in the farm and greenhouse. Results showed that Kochia like other halophytes is sensitive to drought and salinity at the earliest stages of growth. Salinity reduced linear phase of growth and decreased biomass production but salinity tolerance of Kochia was improved by increasing water application. Evaluation of yield response factor under water deficit and salinity showed that there is not any significant difference among water deficit treatments up to 21 dSm-1. There was no significant difference in biomass of medium drought stress and control. Plants showed more tolerance against drought stress, when stress was induced in the whole growth season. In all experiments, ecotypes from the arid regions, revealed a better response to drought and salinity. Under severe drought and salinity, Kochia still could produce up to 16 and 8 t DM ha-1 biomass in 2009 and 2008, respectively. Salinity tolerance of Kochia was improved by increasing water application. Results of water depletion from different soil layers showed that Kochia uptakes more water from the 30-60 cm soil depth. The soil salinity (ECe) of this section was lower i
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effect of drought stress on water status elecrolyte leakage and enzymatic antioxidants of kochia kochia scoparia under saline condition
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2010Co-Authors: A Masoumi, Mohammad Kafi, Hamidreza Khazaei, Kamran DavariAbstract:Drought stress is considered as the main factor of yield limitations in arid and semi-arid areas, where drought and salinity stresses are usually combined. Kochia species have recently attracted the attention of researchers as forage and Fodder Crop in marginal lands worldwide due to its drought and salt tolerant characters. This field experiment was performed at the Salinity Research Station (36°15´N, 59°28´E) of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran in 2008, in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three levels of drought stress (control, no irrigation in vegetative stage (recovery treatment) and no irrigation at reproductive stage for one month (stress treatment)), and two Kochia ecotypes (Birjand and Borujerd) were allocated as main and sub-plots, respectively. Relative water content (RWC), membrane permeability and antioxidant enzymes were assayed at the beginning of anthesis. Stress treatment caused a significant decrease in the leaf RWC and increase in electrolyte leakage compared with control and recovered conditions. Furthermore, stress treatment caused a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities except of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX). The Birjand ecotype was significantly more tolerant to drought than Borujerd ecotype. According to the results, there were no difference between recovered plants and control treatment, therefore, Kochia can recover quickly after removing drought stress. Kochia showed high tolerance against drought and salinity stresses and different antioxidant enzymes had different behavior under stress conditions.
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possible utilization of high salinity waters and application of low amounts of water for production of the halophyte kochia scoparia as alternative Fodder in saline agroecosystems
Agricultural Water Management, 2010Co-Authors: Mohammad Kafi, Hajar Asadi, Ali GanjealiAbstract:Production of halophytes using saline waters and soils and feeding them to livestock is one of the most sustainable methods of conservation in desert ecosystems, in addition to accomplishing food production for the people living in these areas. Therefore, to study the possibility of irrigating Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad) with minimum quantities of highly saline water for use as a Fodder Crop in arid environments stretching across saline waters, two experiments were carried out in the Research Farm of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. In the salinity experiments, two populations of Kochia, including the Sabzevar and Indian genotypes, were irrigated with ground water having electrical conductivity (EC) of 5, 15, and 20 dS m-1. In the irrigation-treatment experiments, two local populations of Kochia, including Sabzevar and Borujerd, were subjected to four irrigation regimes as follows: complete irrigation (100%), 80%, 60%, and 40% of the water requirements using a saline ground water with EC = 5 dS m-1. Because, the Indian genotype is preferred as an ornamental plant, it is not suitable for increased dry-matter production under high-salinity irrigation water compared to the local genotype (Sabzevar), which is suitable for forage. The Sabzevar genotype produced a large amount of dry matter (7530 kg ha-1), even when irrigated with 20 dS m-1 saline water. The best time for harvesting Kochia for fresh feeding is at the end of flowering (88 days after sowing or DAS), when the biomass is relatively high (6500 kg ha-1) and the leaf-to-shoot ratio, as a quality index, is approximately 50%. The highest green-area index was observed at 15 dS m-1 and decreased at high levels of salinity. Photosynthesis and transpiration rate did not decline significantly with increasing external salinity four weeks after salinization, but increased in both genotypes at 15 dS m-1, indicating that the salinity-tolerance threshold of Kochia for both photosynthesis and transpiration reduction is above this salinity level. The Indian genotype also showed a very low seed yield (210 kg ha-1) at low levels of salinity, whereas Sabzevar produced 1120 kg ha-1 seed under the same conditions. Different irrigation regimes had a significant effect on the biomass and seed production of Kochia. The highest forage yield was obtained from complete irrigation, with 11.1 Mg ha-1 dry material. Sabzevar local population represented a better performance in terms of all characteristics, except accumulation of inflorescence dry matter, and no significant effects were recorded. In conclusion, Kochia's high foliage production capacity in the presence of salinity and limited irrigation make this plant suitable for use as an alternative forage Crop in harsh environmental conditions. There is a wide range of intraspecific variation in K. scoparia, but more investigation is needed to introduce it as a cash Crop.
Ali Ganjeali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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possible utilization of high salinity waters and application of low amounts of water for production of the halophyte kochia scoparia as alternative Fodder in saline agroecosystems
Agricultural Water Management, 2010Co-Authors: Mohammad Kafi, Hajar Asadi, Ali GanjealiAbstract:Production of halophytes using saline waters and soils and feeding them to livestock is one of the most sustainable methods of conservation in desert ecosystems, in addition to accomplishing food production for the people living in these areas. Therefore, to study the possibility of irrigating Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad) with minimum quantities of highly saline water for use as a Fodder Crop in arid environments stretching across saline waters, two experiments were carried out in the Research Farm of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. In the salinity experiments, two populations of Kochia, including the Sabzevar and Indian genotypes, were irrigated with ground water having electrical conductivity (EC) of 5, 15, and 20 dS m-1. In the irrigation-treatment experiments, two local populations of Kochia, including Sabzevar and Borujerd, were subjected to four irrigation regimes as follows: complete irrigation (100%), 80%, 60%, and 40% of the water requirements using a saline ground water with EC = 5 dS m-1. Because, the Indian genotype is preferred as an ornamental plant, it is not suitable for increased dry-matter production under high-salinity irrigation water compared to the local genotype (Sabzevar), which is suitable for forage. The Sabzevar genotype produced a large amount of dry matter (7530 kg ha-1), even when irrigated with 20 dS m-1 saline water. The best time for harvesting Kochia for fresh feeding is at the end of flowering (88 days after sowing or DAS), when the biomass is relatively high (6500 kg ha-1) and the leaf-to-shoot ratio, as a quality index, is approximately 50%. The highest green-area index was observed at 15 dS m-1 and decreased at high levels of salinity. Photosynthesis and transpiration rate did not decline significantly with increasing external salinity four weeks after salinization, but increased in both genotypes at 15 dS m-1, indicating that the salinity-tolerance threshold of Kochia for both photosynthesis and transpiration reduction is above this salinity level. The Indian genotype also showed a very low seed yield (210 kg ha-1) at low levels of salinity, whereas Sabzevar produced 1120 kg ha-1 seed under the same conditions. Different irrigation regimes had a significant effect on the biomass and seed production of Kochia. The highest forage yield was obtained from complete irrigation, with 11.1 Mg ha-1 dry material. Sabzevar local population represented a better performance in terms of all characteristics, except accumulation of inflorescence dry matter, and no significant effects were recorded. In conclusion, Kochia's high foliage production capacity in the presence of salinity and limited irrigation make this plant suitable for use as an alternative forage Crop in harsh environmental conditions. There is a wide range of intraspecific variation in K. scoparia, but more investigation is needed to introduce it as a cash Crop.
Jeffrey D. Ehlers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp
Field Crops Research, 1997Co-Authors: Jeffrey D. Ehlers, Anthony E. HallAbstract:Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a widely adapted, stress tolerant grain legume, vegetable, and Fodder Crop grown on about 7 million ha in warm to hot regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This review focuses on major breeding achievements, current objectives, and future opportunities for cowpea improvement. Early maturing cultivars have been developed with regionally acceptable grain quality and resistance to some important diseases and pests including bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora), cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica), cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) and the parasitic weeds Striga gesnerioides and Alectra vogelii. earliness is important in Africa and other regions because early cultivars can escape drought and some insect infestations, can provide the first food and marketable product available from the current growing season, and can be grown in a diverse array of Cropping systems. New early maturing cultivars with indeterminate growth habits have been very effective in the extremely dry and hot environment of the Sahel. Heat tolerant breeding lines have been developed which have markedly higher pod set than most cultivars under high night temperature conditions. Development of cultivars with multiple resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses is an important current breeding objective. Earliness, delayed leaf senescence, and indeterminate growth habit are characteristics which are being combined to improve drought adaptation. In the future, high levels of resistance to very important insect pests such as flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti), maruca pod borer (Maruca testulalis), lygus (Lygus hesperus), and pod bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis and others) need to identified. Genes from wild cowpeas or related Vigna species or genetic engineering may be necessary to develop cultivars with high levels of resistance to several of the major insect pests.