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Reinhold Kliegl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptual span depends on Font Size during the reading of chinese sentences
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Yan, Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small Fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of Font Size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on Font Size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
The Mind Research Repository, 2014Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:Shu, H., Zhou, W., Yan, M. & Kliegl, R. (2011). Font Size modulates saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics , 73 (2), 482-490. In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2011Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here, we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available.
Ming Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptual span depends on Font Size during the reading of chinese sentences
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Yan, Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small Fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of Font Size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on Font Size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
The Mind Research Repository, 2014Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:Shu, H., Zhou, W., Yan, M. & Kliegl, R. (2011). Font Size modulates saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics , 73 (2), 482-490. In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2011Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here, we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available.
Hua Shu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptual span depends on Font Size during the reading of chinese sentences
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Yan, Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small Fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of Font Size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on Font Size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
The Mind Research Repository, 2014Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:Shu, H., Zhou, W., Yan, M. & Kliegl, R. (2011). Font Size modulates saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics , 73 (2), 482-490. In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2011Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here, we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available.
Wei Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptual span depends on Font Size during the reading of chinese sentences
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Ming Yan, Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small Fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of Font Size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on Font Size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
The Mind Research Repository, 2014Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:Shu, H., Zhou, W., Yan, M. & Kliegl, R. (2011). Font Size modulates saccade-target selection in Chinese reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics , 73 (2), 482-490. In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
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Font Size modulates saccade target selection in chinese reading
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2011Co-Authors: Hua Shu, Wei Zhou, Ming Yan, Reinhold KlieglAbstract:In alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude (a close correlate of reading speed) is independent of Font Size, presumably because an increase in the angular Size of letters is compensated for by a decrease of visual acuity with eccentricity. We propose that this invariance may (also) be due to the presence of spaces between words, guiding the eyes across a large range of Font Sizes. Here, we test whether saccade amplitude is also invariant against manipulations of Font Size during reading Chinese, a character-based writing system without spaces as explicit word boundaries for saccade-target selection. In contrast to word-spaced alphabetic writing systems, saccade amplitude decreased significantly with increased Font Size, leading to an increase in the number of fixations at the beginning of words and in the number of refixations. These results are consistent with a model which assumes that word beginning (rather than word center) is the default saccade target if the length of the parafoveal word is not available.
Rolf Ingold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploiting state of the art deep learning methods for document image analysis
International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2017Co-Authors: Vinaychandran Pondenkandath, Rolf Ingold, Mathias Seuret, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, Marcus LiwickiAbstract:This paper provides details of our (partially award-winning) methods submitted to four competitions of ICDAR 2017. In particular, they are designed to (i) classify scripts, (ii) perform pixel-based labeling for layout analysis, (iii) identify writers, and (iv) recognize Font Size and types. The methods build on the current state-of-the-art in Deep Learning and have been adapted to the specific needs of the individual tasks. All methods are variants of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with specialized architectures, initialization, and other tricks which have been introduced in the field of deep learning within the last few years.
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WML@ICDAR - Exploiting State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Methods for Document Image Analysis
2017 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2017Co-Authors: Vinaychandran Pondenkandath, Rolf Ingold, Mathias Seuret, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, Marcus LiwickiAbstract:This paper provides details of our (partially award-winning) methods submitted to four competitions of ICDAR 2017. In particular, they are designed to (i) classify scripts, (ii) perform pixel-based labeling for layout analysis, (iii) identify writers, and (iv) recognize Font Size and types. The methods build on the current state-of-the-art in Deep Learning and have been adapted to the specific needs of the individual tasks. All methods are variants of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with specialized architectures, initialization, and other tricks which have been introduced in the field of deep learning within the last few years.
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ICDAR2017 Competition on Multi-Font and Multi-Size Digitally Represented Arabic Text
2017 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2017Co-Authors: Fouad Slimane, Rolf Ingold, Jean HennebertAbstract:This paper describes the organisation and results of the Arabic Recognition Competition: Multi-Font Multi-Size Digitally Represented Text held in the context of the 14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'2017), during November 10-15, 2017, Kyoto, Japan. This competition has used the freely available Arabic Printed Text Image (APTI) database. A first and second editions took place respectively in ICDAR'2011 and ICDAR'2013. In this edition, we propose four challenges. Six research groups are participating in the competition with thirteen systems. These systems are compared using the Font, Font-Size, Font and Font-Size, and character and word recognition rates. The systems were tested in a blind manner using the first 5000 images of APTI database set 6. A short description of the participating groups, their systems, the experimental setup, and the observed results are presented.
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a study on Font family and Font Size recognition applied to arabic word images at ultra low resolution
Pattern Recognition Letters, 2013Co-Authors: Fouad Slimane, Jean Hennebert, Slim Kanoun, Adel M Alimi, Rolf IngoldAbstract:In this paper, we propose a new Font and Size identification method for ultra-low resolution Arabic word images using a stochastic approach. The literature has proved the difficulty for Arabic text recognition systems to treat multi-Font and multi-Size word images. This is due to the variability induced by some Font family, in addition to the inherent difficulties of Arabic writing including cursive representation, overlaps and ligatures. This research work proposes an efficient stochastic approach to tackle the problem of Font and Size recognition. Our method treats a word image with a fixed-length, overlapping sliding window. Each window is represented with a 102 features whose distribution is captured by Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). We present three systems: (1) a Font recognition system, (2) a Size recognition system and (3) a Font and Size recognition system. We demonstrate the importance of Font identification before recognizing the word images with two multi-Font Arabic OCRs (cascading and global). The cascading system is about 23% better than the global multi-Font system in terms of word recognition rate on the Arabic Printed Text Image (APTI) database which is freely available to the scientific community.
