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L. J. Secor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring- and Fall-Calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    A year-round grazing system for springand fall-calving cows was developed to compare animal production and performance, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yield and nutrient Composition to that from a conventional, or minimal land system. Systems compared Forage from smooth bromegrass-orchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures for both systems in the summer and corn crop residues and stockpiled grass-legume pastures for the year-round system to drylot hay feeding during winter for the minimal land system. The year-round grazing system utilized 1.67 acres of smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the summer, compared with 3.33 acres of (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the control (minimal land) system. In addition to SB-O-T pastures, the year-round grazing system utilized 2.5 acres of tall fescue-red clover (TFRC) and 2.5 acres of smooth bromegrass-red clover (SBRC) per cow for grazing in both mid-summer and winter for falland spring-calving cows, respectively. First-cutting hay was harvested from the TF-RC and SB-RC pastures, and regrowth was grazed for approximately 45 days in the summer. These pastures were then fertilized with 40 lbs N/acre and stockpiled for winter grazing. Also utilized during the winter for spring-calving cows in the year-round grazing system were corn crop residue (CCR) pastures at an allowance of 2.5 acres per cow. In the minimal land system, hay was harvested from three-fourths of the area in SB-O-T pastures and stored for feeding in a drylot through the winter. Summer grazing was managed with rotational stocking for both systems, and winter grazing of stockpiled Forages and corn crop residues by year-round system cows was managed by strip-stocking. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9 point scale for spring-calving cows in both systems. Hay was supplemented as needed to maintain a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows nursing calves through the winter.

  • Integration of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring-calving and Fall-calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    Animal production, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yields and nutrient Composition of a year-round grazing system for spring-calving and fall-calving cows were compared to those of a conventional, minimal land system. Cows in the year-round and minimal land systems grazed Forage from smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pastures at 1.67 and 3.33 acres, respectively, per cow in the summer. During the summer, SB-O-T pastures in the year-round grazing system also were grazed by stockers at 1.67 stockers per acre, and spring-calving and fall-calving cows grazed smooth bromegrass–red clover (SB-RC) and endophyte-free tall fescue–red clover (TF-RC) at 2.5 acres per cow for approximately 45 days in midsummer. In the year-round grazing system, spring-calving cows grazed corn crop residues at 2.5 acres per cow and stockpiled SB-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow; fallcalving cows grazed stockpiled TF-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow during winter. In the minimal land system, in winter, cows were maintained in a drylot on first-cutting hay harvested from 62.5–75% of the pasture acres during summer. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9-point scale for springcalving cows in both systems and a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows in the year-round system. Over 3 years, mean body weights of fall-calving cows in the year-round system did not differ from the body weights of spring-calving cows in either system, but fall-calving cows had higher (P .05). During the summer grazing season, fall-calving cows in the yearround system and springcalving cows in the minimal land system gained more body condition and more weight (P .05). The amount of total growing animal production (calves and stockers) per acre for each system did not differ in any year (P > .05). Over the 3-year experiment, 1.9 ton more hay was fed per cow and 1 ton more hay was fed per cow–calf pair in the minimal land system compared to the year-round grazing system (P < .05).

N. A. Janovick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring- and Fall-Calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    A year-round grazing system for springand fall-calving cows was developed to compare animal production and performance, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yield and nutrient Composition to that from a conventional, or minimal land system. Systems compared Forage from smooth bromegrass-orchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures for both systems in the summer and corn crop residues and stockpiled grass-legume pastures for the year-round system to drylot hay feeding during winter for the minimal land system. The year-round grazing system utilized 1.67 acres of smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the summer, compared with 3.33 acres of (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the control (minimal land) system. In addition to SB-O-T pastures, the year-round grazing system utilized 2.5 acres of tall fescue-red clover (TFRC) and 2.5 acres of smooth bromegrass-red clover (SBRC) per cow for grazing in both mid-summer and winter for falland spring-calving cows, respectively. First-cutting hay was harvested from the TF-RC and SB-RC pastures, and regrowth was grazed for approximately 45 days in the summer. These pastures were then fertilized with 40 lbs N/acre and stockpiled for winter grazing. Also utilized during the winter for spring-calving cows in the year-round grazing system were corn crop residue (CCR) pastures at an allowance of 2.5 acres per cow. In the minimal land system, hay was harvested from three-fourths of the area in SB-O-T pastures and stored for feeding in a drylot through the winter. Summer grazing was managed with rotational stocking for both systems, and winter grazing of stockpiled Forages and corn crop residues by year-round system cows was managed by strip-stocking. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9 point scale for spring-calving cows in both systems. Hay was supplemented as needed to maintain a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows nursing calves through the winter.

  • Integration of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring-calving and Fall-calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    Animal production, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yields and nutrient Composition of a year-round grazing system for spring-calving and fall-calving cows were compared to those of a conventional, minimal land system. Cows in the year-round and minimal land systems grazed Forage from smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pastures at 1.67 and 3.33 acres, respectively, per cow in the summer. During the summer, SB-O-T pastures in the year-round grazing system also were grazed by stockers at 1.67 stockers per acre, and spring-calving and fall-calving cows grazed smooth bromegrass–red clover (SB-RC) and endophyte-free tall fescue–red clover (TF-RC) at 2.5 acres per cow for approximately 45 days in midsummer. In the year-round grazing system, spring-calving cows grazed corn crop residues at 2.5 acres per cow and stockpiled SB-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow; fallcalving cows grazed stockpiled TF-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow during winter. In the minimal land system, in winter, cows were maintained in a drylot on first-cutting hay harvested from 62.5–75% of the pasture acres during summer. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9-point scale for springcalving cows in both systems and a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows in the year-round system. Over 3 years, mean body weights of fall-calving cows in the year-round system did not differ from the body weights of spring-calving cows in either system, but fall-calving cows had higher (P .05). During the summer grazing season, fall-calving cows in the yearround system and springcalving cows in the minimal land system gained more body condition and more weight (P .05). The amount of total growing animal production (calves and stockers) per acre for each system did not differ in any year (P > .05). Over the 3-year experiment, 1.9 ton more hay was fed per cow and 1 ton more hay was fed per cow–calf pair in the minimal land system compared to the year-round grazing system (P < .05).

R. L. Mcgraw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of continuous and rotational silvopastoral systems for established walnut plantations in southwest Missouri, USA
    Agroforestry Systems, 1998
    Co-Authors: J. W. Lehmkuhler, M. S. Kerley, H. E. Garrett, B. E. Cutter, R. L. Mcgraw
    Abstract:

    Forty-eight Holstein steers (average weight 243 kg ± 11.8) were utilized to study the performance of cattle grazing a mature walnut stand. Steers were grazed for 56 days in either a continuous (C) or rotational (R) silvopastoral system. Four 0.81 ha pastures were assigned to either the C or R system (two replications per treatment). Initial stocking rates for both treatments were 14.8 animals/ha which was reduced at the mid-point to 7.4 animals/ha. Forage quality, yield, and plant Composition were measured weekly throughout the trial. Forage quality differences were determined by neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) measurements. Forage Composition was determined by separating material into four categories: grass, legume, weed and dead plant material. Tree response (diameter at breast height and height growth) was measured prior to and following the grazing period. No significant differences were observed for cattle average daily gain between treatments. Forage availability was higher (P > 0.05) for the R treatment. There were no differences for %NDF (P < 0.10) while %ADF was lower (P > 0.10) and %CP tended (P = 0.12) to be higher for R when compared to C. Rotational pastures had higher (P > 0.10) percentages of grass and legume with lower (P > 0.10) percentage dead material. There were no treatment differences (P < 0.10) for tree diameter at breast height. The average height growth for C was 1.67 m while R was 1.19 m which was only numerically different (P = 0.13). It is postulated that differences in height growth were due to increased water competition in R due to increased soil moisture loss by vegetative growth and transpiration.

  • Comparison of continuous and rotational silvopastoral systems for established walnut plantations in southwest Missouri, USA
    Agroforestry Systems, 1998
    Co-Authors: J. W. Lehmkuhler, M. S. Kerley, H. E. Garrett, B. E. Cutter, R. L. Mcgraw
    Abstract:

    Forty-eight Holstein steers (average weight 243 kg ± 11.8) were utilized to study the performance of cattle grazing a mature walnut stand. Steers were grazed for 56 days in either a continuous (C) or rotational (R) silvopastoral system. Four 0.81 ha pastures were assigned to either the C or R system (two replications per treatment). Initial stocking rates for both treatments were 14.8 animals/ha which was reduced at the mid-point to 7.4 animals/ha. Forage quality, yield, and plant Composition were measured weekly throughout the trial. Forage quality differences were determined by neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) measurements. Forage Composition was determined by separating material into four categories: grass, legume, weed and dead plant material. Tree response (diameter at breast height and height growth) was measured prior to and following the grazing period. No significant differences were observed for cattle average daily gain between treatments. Forage availability was higher (P > 0.05) for the R treatment. There were no differences for %NDF (P 0.10) and %CP tended (P = 0.12) to be higher for R when compared to C. Rotational pastures had higher (P > 0.10) percentages of grass and legume with lower (P > 0.10) percentage dead material. There were no treatment differences (P < 0.10) for tree diameter at breast height. The average height growth for C was 1.67 m while R was 1.19 m which was only numerically different (P = 0.13). It is postulated that differences in height growth were due to increased water competition in R due to increased soil moisture loss by vegetative growth and transpiration.

D. Maxwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring- and Fall-Calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    A year-round grazing system for springand fall-calving cows was developed to compare animal production and performance, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yield and nutrient Composition to that from a conventional, or minimal land system. Systems compared Forage from smooth bromegrass-orchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures for both systems in the summer and corn crop residues and stockpiled grass-legume pastures for the year-round system to drylot hay feeding during winter for the minimal land system. The year-round grazing system utilized 1.67 acres of smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the summer, compared with 3.33 acres of (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the control (minimal land) system. In addition to SB-O-T pastures, the year-round grazing system utilized 2.5 acres of tall fescue-red clover (TFRC) and 2.5 acres of smooth bromegrass-red clover (SBRC) per cow for grazing in both mid-summer and winter for falland spring-calving cows, respectively. First-cutting hay was harvested from the TF-RC and SB-RC pastures, and regrowth was grazed for approximately 45 days in the summer. These pastures were then fertilized with 40 lbs N/acre and stockpiled for winter grazing. Also utilized during the winter for spring-calving cows in the year-round grazing system were corn crop residue (CCR) pastures at an allowance of 2.5 acres per cow. In the minimal land system, hay was harvested from three-fourths of the area in SB-O-T pastures and stored for feeding in a drylot through the winter. Summer grazing was managed with rotational stocking for both systems, and winter grazing of stockpiled Forages and corn crop residues by year-round system cows was managed by strip-stocking. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9 point scale for spring-calving cows in both systems. Hay was supplemented as needed to maintain a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows nursing calves through the winter.

  • Integration of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring-calving and Fall-calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    Animal production, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yields and nutrient Composition of a year-round grazing system for spring-calving and fall-calving cows were compared to those of a conventional, minimal land system. Cows in the year-round and minimal land systems grazed Forage from smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pastures at 1.67 and 3.33 acres, respectively, per cow in the summer. During the summer, SB-O-T pastures in the year-round grazing system also were grazed by stockers at 1.67 stockers per acre, and spring-calving and fall-calving cows grazed smooth bromegrass–red clover (SB-RC) and endophyte-free tall fescue–red clover (TF-RC) at 2.5 acres per cow for approximately 45 days in midsummer. In the year-round grazing system, spring-calving cows grazed corn crop residues at 2.5 acres per cow and stockpiled SB-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow; fallcalving cows grazed stockpiled TF-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow during winter. In the minimal land system, in winter, cows were maintained in a drylot on first-cutting hay harvested from 62.5–75% of the pasture acres during summer. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9-point scale for springcalving cows in both systems and a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows in the year-round system. Over 3 years, mean body weights of fall-calving cows in the year-round system did not differ from the body weights of spring-calving cows in either system, but fall-calving cows had higher (P .05). During the summer grazing season, fall-calving cows in the yearround system and springcalving cows in the minimal land system gained more body condition and more weight (P .05). The amount of total growing animal production (calves and stockers) per acre for each system did not differ in any year (P > .05). Over the 3-year experiment, 1.9 ton more hay was fed per cow and 1 ton more hay was fed per cow–calf pair in the minimal land system compared to the year-round grazing system (P < .05).

J. R. Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring- and Fall-Calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    A year-round grazing system for springand fall-calving cows was developed to compare animal production and performance, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yield and nutrient Composition to that from a conventional, or minimal land system. Systems compared Forage from smooth bromegrass-orchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures for both systems in the summer and corn crop residues and stockpiled grass-legume pastures for the year-round system to drylot hay feeding during winter for the minimal land system. The year-round grazing system utilized 1.67 acres of smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the summer, compared with 3.33 acres of (SB-O-T) pasture per cow in the control (minimal land) system. In addition to SB-O-T pastures, the year-round grazing system utilized 2.5 acres of tall fescue-red clover (TFRC) and 2.5 acres of smooth bromegrass-red clover (SBRC) per cow for grazing in both mid-summer and winter for falland spring-calving cows, respectively. First-cutting hay was harvested from the TF-RC and SB-RC pastures, and regrowth was grazed for approximately 45 days in the summer. These pastures were then fertilized with 40 lbs N/acre and stockpiled for winter grazing. Also utilized during the winter for spring-calving cows in the year-round grazing system were corn crop residue (CCR) pastures at an allowance of 2.5 acres per cow. In the minimal land system, hay was harvested from three-fourths of the area in SB-O-T pastures and stored for feeding in a drylot through the winter. Summer grazing was managed with rotational stocking for both systems, and winter grazing of stockpiled Forages and corn crop residues by year-round system cows was managed by strip-stocking. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9 point scale for spring-calving cows in both systems. Hay was supplemented as needed to maintain a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows nursing calves through the winter.

  • Integration of Year-round Forage Management Systems for Spring-calving and Fall-calving Beef Cows (A Progress Report)
    2012
    Co-Authors: N. A. Janovick, J. R. Russell, Daryl R. Strohbehn, D. G. Morrical, Stephen K. Barnhart, D. Maxwell, L. J. Secor
    Abstract:

    Animal production, hay production and feeding, winter Forage Composition changes, and summer pasture yields and nutrient Composition of a year-round grazing system for spring-calving and fall-calving cows were compared to those of a conventional, minimal land system. Cows in the year-round and minimal land systems grazed Forage from smooth bromegrassorchardgrass-birdsfoot trefoil (SB-O-T) pastures at 1.67 and 3.33 acres, respectively, per cow in the summer. During the summer, SB-O-T pastures in the year-round grazing system also were grazed by stockers at 1.67 stockers per acre, and spring-calving and fall-calving cows grazed smooth bromegrass–red clover (SB-RC) and endophyte-free tall fescue–red clover (TF-RC) at 2.5 acres per cow for approximately 45 days in midsummer. In the year-round grazing system, spring-calving cows grazed corn crop residues at 2.5 acres per cow and stockpiled SB-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow; fallcalving cows grazed stockpiled TF-RC pastures at 2.5 acres per cow during winter. In the minimal land system, in winter, cows were maintained in a drylot on first-cutting hay harvested from 62.5–75% of the pasture acres during summer. Hay was fed to maintain a body condition score of 5 on a 9-point scale for springcalving cows in both systems and a body condition score of 3 for fall-calving cows in the year-round system. Over 3 years, mean body weights of fall-calving cows in the year-round system did not differ from the body weights of spring-calving cows in either system, but fall-calving cows had higher (P .05). During the summer grazing season, fall-calving cows in the yearround system and springcalving cows in the minimal land system gained more body condition and more weight (P .05). The amount of total growing animal production (calves and stockers) per acre for each system did not differ in any year (P > .05). Over the 3-year experiment, 1.9 ton more hay was fed per cow and 1 ton more hay was fed per cow–calf pair in the minimal land system compared to the year-round grazing system (P < .05).