The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

M Fondevila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in vitro microbial fermentation and protein utilisation of tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: M Fondevila, J C M Nogueirafilho, A Barriosurdaneta
    Abstract:

    Abstract The nutritive value of four tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season was assessed by gas production, microbial adhesion and in vitro N degradation and intestinal digestion. Species tested were: Leucaena leucocephala ( Ll ), Cajanus cajan ( Cc ), Neonotonia wightii ( Nw ) and Stylosanthes macrocephala ( Sm ). Chemical analysis showed higher lignification of Sm (187 g acid detergent lignin, ADL/kg dry matter, DM) compared with Nw (92 g ADL/kg DM), and a higher concentration of extractable and fibre-bound condensed tannins (CT) in browse ( Ll and Cc ) than in herbaceous ( Nw and Sm ) Legumes (82, 110, 6 and 6 g total CT/kg DM, respectively). A higher total gas volume occurred for Nw (188, 163, 146 and 130 ml gas/g DM for Nw , Ll , Cc and Sm , respectively; P −1 for Nw , Ll , Cc and Sm ( P P P P P Ll and Cc . In vitro nitrogen disappearance after 32 h incubation was higher for Nw , intermediate for Sm and lowest for Ll and Cc ( P Ll and Cc was also low, suggesting that CT may still be impeding digestion to a certain extent at this site.

  • In vitro microbial fermentation and protein utilisation of tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: M Fondevila, J. C.m. Nogueira-filho, A. Barrios-urdaneta
    Abstract:

    The nutritive value of four tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season was assessed by gas production, microbial adhesion and in vitro N degradation and intestinal digestion. Species tested were: Leucaena leucocephala (Ll), Cajanus cajan (Cc), Neonotonia wightii (Nw) and Stylosanthes macrocephala (Sm). Chemical analysis showed higher lignification of Sm (187 g acid detergent lignin, ADL/kg dry matter, DM) compared with Nw (92 g ADL/kg DM), and a higher concentration of extractable and fibre-bound condensed tannins (CT) in browse (Ll and Cc) than in herbaceous (Nw and Sm) Legumes (82, 110, 6 and 6 g total CT/kg DM, respectively). A higher total gas volume occurred for Nw (188, 163, 146 and 130 ml gas/g DM for Nw, Ll, Cc and Sm, respectively; P < 0.001). Rates of fermentation at 24 h were 0.069, 0.027, 0.046 and 0.051 h-1 for Nw, Ll, Cc and Sm (P < 0.001). The DM degradation of the legume species ranked them similar to gas production. There were no differences among Legumes in microbial adhesion patterns, nor major differences in enzymatic activity against structural polysaccharides until 32 h, but then Nw showed higher total cellulase (P < 0.001), xylanase (P < 0.001), β-glucosidase (P < 0.01) and β-xylosidase (P < 0.05) activities than Ll and Cc. In vitro nitrogen disappearance after 32 h incubation was higher for Nw, intermediate for Sm and lowest for Ll and Cc (P < 0.001), probably because of the high CT concentration in the latter. Intestinal digestion of Ll and Cc was also low, suggesting that CT may still be impeding digestion to a certain extent at this site. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Christophe David - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biotic and abiotic factors impacting establishment and growth of relay intercropped Forage Legumes
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sylvain Vrignonbrenas, Florian Celette, Agnes Piquetpissaloux, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    Abstract In organic agriculture, weeds and nitrogen deficiency are the main factors that limit crop production. The use of relay-intercropped Forage Legumes may be a way of providing ecological services such as weed control, increasing N availability in the cropping system thanks to N fixation, reducing N leaching and supplying nitrogen to the following crop. However, these ecological services vary considerably depending on the Forage legume biomass. The aim of this study was to identify factors that affect Forage legume establishment and growth to help farmers adjust the management of the cover crop. Sixteen field experiments were conducted over a period of five years. In each experiment, winter wheat was grown as sole crop or intercropped with one of two species of Forage Legumes; Trifolium repens L. or Trifolium pratense L. After the intercropping stage, the cover crop was maintained until the end of winter and then destroyed by plowing before maize was sown. Climatic conditions, and the accumulation of legume and weed biomass were monitored from when the legume was sown to destruction of the cover crop. Our results showed that a minimum threshold of about 500 kg ha−1 biomass in the aboveground parts of the cover crop was needed at the end of intercropping to obtain the minimum biomass of 2000 kg ha−1 in September necessary to guarantee ecological services. To obtain sufficient legume biomass at the end of intercropping period, a thermal time greater than 1900 °Cd and more rainfall than 300 mm are required for legume growth. Moreover, a legume density of at least of 300 plants per square meter at the wheat flowering stage was a good indicator of legume biomass at the end of the intercropping period. Rainfall was a limiting factor of legume growth between the end of the intercropping period and September. Legume density at wheat flowering and climatic conditions during the intercropping period thus appear to be good indicators to predict to capacity of cover crop to produce sufficient biomass in September. These indicators can be used by farmers as a management tool for the cover crop.

  • early assessment of ecological services provided by Forage Legumes in relay intercropping
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sylvain Vrignonbrenas, Florian Celette, Agnes Piquetpissaloux, Mariehelene Jeuffroy, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    Abstract In organic agriculture, weeds and nitrogen deficiency are the main factors that limit crop production. The use of relay-intercropped Forage Legumes may be a way of providing ecological services such as weed control, increasing N availability in the cropping system thanks to N fixation, reducing N leaching and supplying nitrogen to the following crop. However, these ecological services can vary considerably depending on the growing conditions. The aim of this study was to identify early indicators to assess these two ecological services, thereby giving farmers time to adjust the management of both the cover crop and of the following crop. Nine field experiments were conducted over a period of three years. In each experiment, winter wheat was grown as sole crop or intercropped with one of two species of Forage Legumes; Trifolium repens L. or Trifolium pratense L. Two levels of fertilization were also tested (0 and 100 kg N ha −1 ). After the intercropping stage, the cover crop was maintained until the end of winter and then destroyed by plowing before maize was sown. Legume and weed biomass, nitrogen content and accumulation were monitored from legume sowing to cover destruction. Our results showed that a minimum threshold of about 2 t ha −1 biomass in the aboveground parts of the cover crop was needed to decrease weed infestation by 90% in early September and to ensure weed control up to December. The increase in nitrogen in the following maize crop was also correlated with the legume biomass in early September. The gain in nitrogen in maize (the following crop) was correlated with legume biomass in early September, with a minimum gain of 60 kg N ha −1 as soon as legume biomass reached more than 2 t ha −1 . Legume biomass in early September thus appears to be a good indicator to predict weed control in December as well as the nitrogen released to the following crop. The indicator can be used by farmers as a management tool for both the cover crop and following cash crop. Early estimation of available nitrogen after the destruction of the Forage legume can be used to adjust the supply of nitrogen fertilizer to the following crop.

  • relay intercropped Forage Legumes help to control weeds in organic grain production
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Camille Amosse, Florian Celette, Mariehelene Jeuffroy, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    a b s t r a c t In organic grain production, weeds are one of the major limiting factors along with crop nitrogen defi- ciency. Relay intercropping of Forage legume cover crops in an established winter cereal crop might be a viable option but is still not well documented, especially under organic conditions. Four species of Forage Legumes (Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) were undersown in six organic wheat fields. The density and aerial dry matter of wheat, relay- intercropped Legumes and weeds were monitored during wheat-legume relay intercropping and after wheat harvest until late autumn, before the ploughing of cover crops. Our results showed a large diversity of aerial growth of weeds depending on soil, climate and wheat development. The dynamics of the legume cover crops were highly different between species and crop- ping periods (during relay intercropping and after wheat harvest). For instance, T. repens was two times less developed than the other species during relay intercropping while obtaining the highest aerial dry matter in late autumn. During the relay intercropping period, Forage legume cover crops were only effi- cient in controlling weed density in comparison with wheat sole crop. The control of the aerial dry matter of weeds at the end of the relay intercropping period was better explained considering both Legumes and wheat biomasses instead of Legumes alone. In late autumn, 24 weeks after wheat harvest, weed biomass was largely reduced by the cover crops. Weed density and biomass reductions were correlated with cover crop biomass at wheat harvest and in late autumn. The presence of a cover crop also exhibited another positive effect by decreasing the density of spring-germinating annual weeds during the relay intercropping period.

  • Relay-intercropped Forage Legumes help to control weeds in organic grain production
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Camille Amosse, Florian Celette, Mariehelene Jeuffroy, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    In organic grain production, weeds are one of the major limiting factors along with crop nitrogen deficiency. Relay intercropping of Forage legume cover crops in an established winter cereal crop might be a viable option but is still not well documented, especially under organic conditions. Four species of Forage Legumes (Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) were undersown in six organic wheat fields. The density and aerial dry matter of wheat, relay-intercropped Legumes and weeds were monitored during wheat-legume relay intercropping and after wheat harvest until late autumn, before the ploughing of cover crops. Our results showed a large diversity of aerial growth of weeds depending on soil, climate and wheat development. The dynamics of the legume cover crops were highly different between species and cropping periods (during relay intercropping and after wheat harvest). For instance, T. repens was two times less developed than the other species during relay intercropping while obtaining the highest aerial dry matter in late autumn. During the relay intercropping period, Forage legume cover crops were only efficient in controlling weed density in comparison with wheat sole crop. The control of the aerial dry matter of weeds at the end of the relay intercropping period was better explained considering both Legumes and wheat biomasses instead of Legumes alone. In late autumn, 24 weeks after wheat harvest, weed biomass was largely reduced by the cover crops. Weed density and biomass reductions were correlated with cover crop biomass at wheat harvest and in late autumn. The presence of a cover crop also exhibited another positive effect by decreasing the density of spring-germinating annual weeds during the relay intercropping period. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A. Barrios-urdaneta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • In vitro microbial fermentation and protein utilisation of tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: M Fondevila, J. C.m. Nogueira-filho, A. Barrios-urdaneta
    Abstract:

    The nutritive value of four tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season was assessed by gas production, microbial adhesion and in vitro N degradation and intestinal digestion. Species tested were: Leucaena leucocephala (Ll), Cajanus cajan (Cc), Neonotonia wightii (Nw) and Stylosanthes macrocephala (Sm). Chemical analysis showed higher lignification of Sm (187 g acid detergent lignin, ADL/kg dry matter, DM) compared with Nw (92 g ADL/kg DM), and a higher concentration of extractable and fibre-bound condensed tannins (CT) in browse (Ll and Cc) than in herbaceous (Nw and Sm) Legumes (82, 110, 6 and 6 g total CT/kg DM, respectively). A higher total gas volume occurred for Nw (188, 163, 146 and 130 ml gas/g DM for Nw, Ll, Cc and Sm, respectively; P < 0.001). Rates of fermentation at 24 h were 0.069, 0.027, 0.046 and 0.051 h-1 for Nw, Ll, Cc and Sm (P < 0.001). The DM degradation of the legume species ranked them similar to gas production. There were no differences among Legumes in microbial adhesion patterns, nor major differences in enzymatic activity against structural polysaccharides until 32 h, but then Nw showed higher total cellulase (P < 0.001), xylanase (P < 0.001), β-glucosidase (P < 0.01) and β-xylosidase (P < 0.05) activities than Ll and Cc. In vitro nitrogen disappearance after 32 h incubation was higher for Nw, intermediate for Sm and lowest for Ll and Cc (P < 0.001), probably because of the high CT concentration in the latter. Intestinal digestion of Ll and Cc was also low, suggesting that CT may still be impeding digestion to a certain extent at this site. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A Barriosurdaneta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in vitro microbial fermentation and protein utilisation of tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: M Fondevila, J C M Nogueirafilho, A Barriosurdaneta
    Abstract:

    Abstract The nutritive value of four tropical Forage Legumes grown during the dry season was assessed by gas production, microbial adhesion and in vitro N degradation and intestinal digestion. Species tested were: Leucaena leucocephala ( Ll ), Cajanus cajan ( Cc ), Neonotonia wightii ( Nw ) and Stylosanthes macrocephala ( Sm ). Chemical analysis showed higher lignification of Sm (187 g acid detergent lignin, ADL/kg dry matter, DM) compared with Nw (92 g ADL/kg DM), and a higher concentration of extractable and fibre-bound condensed tannins (CT) in browse ( Ll and Cc ) than in herbaceous ( Nw and Sm ) Legumes (82, 110, 6 and 6 g total CT/kg DM, respectively). A higher total gas volume occurred for Nw (188, 163, 146 and 130 ml gas/g DM for Nw , Ll , Cc and Sm , respectively; P −1 for Nw , Ll , Cc and Sm ( P P P P P Ll and Cc . In vitro nitrogen disappearance after 32 h incubation was higher for Nw , intermediate for Sm and lowest for Ll and Cc ( P Ll and Cc was also low, suggesting that CT may still be impeding digestion to a certain extent at this site.

Mariehelene Jeuffroy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early assessment of ecological services provided by Forage Legumes in relay intercropping
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sylvain Vrignonbrenas, Florian Celette, Agnes Piquetpissaloux, Mariehelene Jeuffroy, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    Abstract In organic agriculture, weeds and nitrogen deficiency are the main factors that limit crop production. The use of relay-intercropped Forage Legumes may be a way of providing ecological services such as weed control, increasing N availability in the cropping system thanks to N fixation, reducing N leaching and supplying nitrogen to the following crop. However, these ecological services can vary considerably depending on the growing conditions. The aim of this study was to identify early indicators to assess these two ecological services, thereby giving farmers time to adjust the management of both the cover crop and of the following crop. Nine field experiments were conducted over a period of three years. In each experiment, winter wheat was grown as sole crop or intercropped with one of two species of Forage Legumes; Trifolium repens L. or Trifolium pratense L. Two levels of fertilization were also tested (0 and 100 kg N ha −1 ). After the intercropping stage, the cover crop was maintained until the end of winter and then destroyed by plowing before maize was sown. Legume and weed biomass, nitrogen content and accumulation were monitored from legume sowing to cover destruction. Our results showed that a minimum threshold of about 2 t ha −1 biomass in the aboveground parts of the cover crop was needed to decrease weed infestation by 90% in early September and to ensure weed control up to December. The increase in nitrogen in the following maize crop was also correlated with the legume biomass in early September. The gain in nitrogen in maize (the following crop) was correlated with legume biomass in early September, with a minimum gain of 60 kg N ha −1 as soon as legume biomass reached more than 2 t ha −1 . Legume biomass in early September thus appears to be a good indicator to predict weed control in December as well as the nitrogen released to the following crop. The indicator can be used by farmers as a management tool for both the cover crop and following cash crop. Early estimation of available nitrogen after the destruction of the Forage legume can be used to adjust the supply of nitrogen fertilizer to the following crop.

  • relay intercropped Forage Legumes help to control weeds in organic grain production
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Camille Amosse, Florian Celette, Mariehelene Jeuffroy, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    a b s t r a c t In organic grain production, weeds are one of the major limiting factors along with crop nitrogen defi- ciency. Relay intercropping of Forage legume cover crops in an established winter cereal crop might be a viable option but is still not well documented, especially under organic conditions. Four species of Forage Legumes (Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) were undersown in six organic wheat fields. The density and aerial dry matter of wheat, relay- intercropped Legumes and weeds were monitored during wheat-legume relay intercropping and after wheat harvest until late autumn, before the ploughing of cover crops. Our results showed a large diversity of aerial growth of weeds depending on soil, climate and wheat development. The dynamics of the legume cover crops were highly different between species and crop- ping periods (during relay intercropping and after wheat harvest). For instance, T. repens was two times less developed than the other species during relay intercropping while obtaining the highest aerial dry matter in late autumn. During the relay intercropping period, Forage legume cover crops were only effi- cient in controlling weed density in comparison with wheat sole crop. The control of the aerial dry matter of weeds at the end of the relay intercropping period was better explained considering both Legumes and wheat biomasses instead of Legumes alone. In late autumn, 24 weeks after wheat harvest, weed biomass was largely reduced by the cover crops. Weed density and biomass reductions were correlated with cover crop biomass at wheat harvest and in late autumn. The presence of a cover crop also exhibited another positive effect by decreasing the density of spring-germinating annual weeds during the relay intercropping period.

  • Relay-intercropped Forage Legumes help to control weeds in organic grain production
    European Journal of Agronomy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Camille Amosse, Florian Celette, Mariehelene Jeuffroy, Christophe David
    Abstract:

    In organic grain production, weeds are one of the major limiting factors along with crop nitrogen deficiency. Relay intercropping of Forage legume cover crops in an established winter cereal crop might be a viable option but is still not well documented, especially under organic conditions. Four species of Forage Legumes (Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) were undersown in six organic wheat fields. The density and aerial dry matter of wheat, relay-intercropped Legumes and weeds were monitored during wheat-legume relay intercropping and after wheat harvest until late autumn, before the ploughing of cover crops. Our results showed a large diversity of aerial growth of weeds depending on soil, climate and wheat development. The dynamics of the legume cover crops were highly different between species and cropping periods (during relay intercropping and after wheat harvest). For instance, T. repens was two times less developed than the other species during relay intercropping while obtaining the highest aerial dry matter in late autumn. During the relay intercropping period, Forage legume cover crops were only efficient in controlling weed density in comparison with wheat sole crop. The control of the aerial dry matter of weeds at the end of the relay intercropping period was better explained considering both Legumes and wheat biomasses instead of Legumes alone. In late autumn, 24 weeks after wheat harvest, weed biomass was largely reduced by the cover crops. Weed density and biomass reductions were correlated with cover crop biomass at wheat harvest and in late autumn. The presence of a cover crop also exhibited another positive effect by decreasing the density of spring-germinating annual weeds during the relay intercropping period. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.