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Proinnsias Breathnach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from spatial keynesianism to post fordist neoliberalism emerging contradictions in the spatiality of the irish state
Antipode, 2010Co-Authors: Proinnsias BreathnachAbstract:The transition from Fordism to post-Fordism has been accompanied by profound changes in the spatiality of west European states. The hierarchical, top-down and redistributive structures that typified the Fordist welfare state have been replaced by more complex spatial configurations as elements of economic and political power have shifted both downwards to subnational territorial levels and upwards to the supranational level. A major debate has developed around the nature of these emerging forms of state spatiality and of the processes underpinning their formation. This paper examines how these processes have operated in the particular case of the Republic of Ireland. Here, the spatiality of the state was founded on a peculiar post-colonial combination of a localised populist politics and a centralised state bureaucracy. While this arrangement was quite suited to the spatial dispersal of industrial branch plants which underpinned regional policy in the 1960s and 1970s, it has become increasingly problematic with the more recent emergence of new trends in the nature and locational preferences of inward investment. This is reflected in the profound conflicts that have attended the formulation and implementation of the National Spatial Strategy, introduced in 2002. The result is a national space economy whose increasing dysfunctionality may now be compromising the very development model upon which Ireland’s recent spectacular economic growth has been built.
Steven P. Vallas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rethinking Post-Fordism: The Meaning of Workplace Flexibility
Sociological Theory, 1999Co-Authors: Steven P. VallasAbstract:Social scientists increasingly claim that work structures based on the mass production or “Fordist” paradigm have grown obsolete, giving way to a more flexible, “post-Fordist” structure of work. These claims have been much disputed, however, giving rise to a sharply polarized debate over the outcome of workplace restructuring. I seek to reorient the debate by subjecting the post-Fordist approach to theoretical and empirical critique. Several theoretical weaknesses internal to the post-Fordist approach are identified, including its uncertain handling of “power” and “efficiency” as factors that shape work organizations; its failure to acknowledge multiple responses to the crisis of Fordism, several of which seem at odds with the post-Fordist paradigm; and its tendency to neglect the resurgence of economic dualism and disparity within organizations and industries. Review of the empirical literature suggests that, despite scattered support for the post-Fordist approach, important anomalies exist (such as the growing authority of “mental” over manual labor) that post-Fordism seems powerless to explain. In spite of its ample contributions, post-Fordist theory provides a seriously distorted guide to the nature of workplace change in the United States. Two alternative perspectives toward the restructuring of work organizations are sketched—neoinstitutionalist and “flexible accumulation” models—which seem likely to inspire more fruitful lines of research on the disparate patterns currently unfolding within American work organizations.
Pierre Filion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Urban Policy-making and Development Dimension of Fordism and Post-Fordism: A Toronto Case Study
Space and Polity, 2001Co-Authors: Pierre FilionAbstract:This paper investigates urban policy-making and development from a regulation theory perspective. It describes major Toronto urban trends of the past 50 years in order to gauge their conformity to changing regulation conditions. Results indicate that in the 1950s and 1960s, policies in Toronto were in accord with the Fordist mass consumption and welfare orientation. They also suggest a coincidence between the post-1995 period of public-sector retrenchment and the market-driven nature of post-Fordism. The intermediary period, however, was dominated by unsuccessful efforts at maintaining Fordist-type policies in a regulation context shifting towards post-Fordism. These findings confirm the non-functionalist interpretation of links between policy-making and regulation professed by regulation theory researchers. They also cast light on the role the city plays in the changing nature of regulation. Assertive metropolitan planning and socially balanced sub-divisions characteristic of the Fordist period of regula...
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Metropolitan planning objectives and implementation constraints: planning in a post-Fordist and postmodern age
Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 1996Co-Authors: Pierre FilionAbstract:Planning faces the predicament that as recommendations become bolder possibilities for implementation deteriorate. This is imputed to society's transition from a Fordist and modern to a post-Fordist and postmodern era. On the one hand, postmodern values account for more public participation and heightened environmental sensitivity, which translate into proposals for alternative forms of urban development. On the other hand, the implementation of these proposals is impaired by reduced public sector resources as a result of the economic instablity associated with post-Fordism. Another impediment is the difficulty to achieve sufficient support for planning objectives in the postmodern context. This context is marked by a fragmentation of values, attachment to the existing built environment, and suspicion between social groups. The empirical focus is on Toronto's bold metropolitan planning proposals. Most recent planning documents call for reurbanization efforts, a compact urban form, and reduced reliance on ...
Max Henninger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the Parasitic Character of Wage Labor
Substance, 2007Co-Authors: Paolo Virno, Max HenningerAbstract:Paolo Virno was active in the Italian autonomist left during the 1970s, when he edited the journal Metropoli. He has worked as an editor for the communist daily il manifesto and has published mainly in the fields of philosophy and political theory. His works include Convenzione e materialismo. L'unicita senza aurora (Rome: Theoria, 1986) [Convention and Materialism. Uniqueness Without A Halo], Mondanita. L'idea di 'mondo' tra esperienza e sfera pubblica (Rome: manifestolibri, 1994) [Wordliness. The Idea of "the World" Between Experience and the Public Sphere], and the recent Grammatica della moltitudine (Rome: DeriveApprodi, 2002), which has been translated into English as A Grammar of the Multitude (New York: semiotext[e], 2004). In the two short essays translated below, Virno addresses the social consequences of the transformations of labor characteristic of the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism. "On the Parasitic Character of Wage Labor" polemicizes against those "neoliberal" economic theories that celebrate the decline of the welfare state but refuse to abandon its ideological corollary, the Fordist work ethic. "Automation plus guaranteed income"--a program that can be traced back to the labor struggles of the 1960s and that found expression in the publications of the international situationist movement as well as in certain currents of
Samuel Weeks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longing for normal post Fordism cape verdean labor power on a lisbon periphery in crisis
Anthropology of Work Review, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel WeeksAbstract:Starting in the late 1970s, Cape Verdean labor-power became indispensable in a number of sectors of the Portuguese economy, no longer merely filling gaps but serving as a vital part of the workforce in key industries such as civil construction and cleaning services. Assuming a central role in the productive process, these largely “low-skilled” immigrants came to form a reserve army of labor in the fragmented service-sector economy of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Although they come from diverse backgrounds and belong to different migratory phases, Cape Verdeans continue to be concentrated in the most precarious and poorly paid strata of the Portuguese labor market. The tenuous situation of most Cape Verdean immigrants has made them especially vulnerable to the post-2010 economic downturn and the accompanying IMF-mandated structural changes and liberalization measures. In this paper, I examine the trajectory of four Cape Verdean workers in the Portuguese labor market prior to 2010 and during the current “crisis economy.” While these accounts differ in the details, they are alike in how my interviewees have seen their daily lives become more difficult and insecure. In addition to exploring this sequence of events, I contextualize these case studies within the extant literature on precarity. In this regard, I identify a temporal gap in concept of precarity as it has been theorized to date. Whereas most scholars juxtapose the stability of the Fordist period with the precariousness of our post-Fordist times, I wish to highlight how my interviewees simply long for a return to pre-crisis post-Fordism, not Fordism per se.
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Longing for “Normal” Post‐Fordism: Cape Verdean Labor‐Power on a Lisbon Periphery in Crisis
Anthropology of Work Review, 2015Co-Authors: Samuel WeeksAbstract:Starting in the late 1970s, Cape Verdean labor-power became indispensable in a number of sectors of the Portuguese economy, no longer merely filling gaps but serving as a vital part of the workforce in key industries such as civil construction and cleaning services. Assuming a central role in the productive process, these largely “low-skilled” immigrants came to form a reserve army of labor in the fragmented service-sector economy of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Although they come from diverse backgrounds and belong to different migratory phases, Cape Verdeans continue to be concentrated in the most precarious and poorly paid strata of the Portuguese labor market. The tenuous situation of most Cape Verdean immigrants has made them especially vulnerable to the post-2010 economic downturn and the accompanying IMF-mandated structural changes and liberalization measures. In this paper, I examine the trajectory of four Cape Verdean workers in the Portuguese labor market prior to 2010 and during the current “crisis economy.” While these accounts differ in the details, they are alike in how my interviewees have seen their daily lives become more difficult and insecure. In addition to exploring this sequence of events, I contextualize these case studies within the extant literature on precarity. In this regard, I identify a temporal gap in concept of precarity as it has been theorized to date. Whereas most scholars juxtapose the stability of the Fordist period with the precariousness of our post-Fordist times, I wish to highlight how my interviewees simply long for a return to pre-crisis post-Fordism, not Fordism per se.