The Experts below are selected from a list of 111 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yrjö Solantausta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fast pyrolysis of Forestry Residue and pine 4 improvement of the product quality by solvent addition
Energy & Fuels, 2004Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Steven Gust, Johan Fredrik Selin, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:Addition of alcohols was found to improve the homogeneity, decrease the viscosity and density, lower the flash point, and increase the heating value of pyrolysis liquids. Alcohol addition also lowered the viscosity and molecular mass increase during the aging of pyrolysis liquids. The reduction in the viscosity change was primarily due to a stabilizing effect of alcohols on the water-insoluble high molecular mass lignin-derived fraction. Other effects include the formation of acetals in reactions of alcohols with aldehydes, ketones, and anhydrosugars. Low (≤5 wt %) alcohol additions prevented aging reactions by a few months, while the higher (≥10 wt %) ones retarded them by almost a year. Methanol was the most effective alcohol of those tested (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol). By improving solubility, the alcohols also enhanced the separation of the extractive-rich top layer in the pyrolysis of Forestry Residue by decreasing its volume and increasing the concentration of extractives and solids in the top ...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 2. Physicochemical Composition of Product Liquid
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:In this second article on fuel oil, use of Forestry Residue pyrolysis liquids, their physicochemical properties, and the behavior of these liquids are described. Understanding of the chemical composition of Forestry Residue liquids enables the selection of correct handling and storage conditions. Forestry Residue is one of the most viable biomass feedstocks for liquid production in Northern softwood forest zone. A 10−25 wt % top phase with a high heating value is produced from Forestry Residue due to the high content of extractives and low water content. However, it has high solid and ash contents. The main product, bottom phase, is similar to bark-free wood pyrolysis liquid: volatile acids 8−10 wt %; aldehydes and ketones 10−15 wt %; water 25−30 wt %; “sugar constituents” 30−35 wt %; water-insoluble, mainly lignin-based constituents 15−20 wt %; and extractives (2−6 wt %). Its physical properties (water 28 wt %, pH 3.0, viscosity at 40 °C 15 cSt, LHV 14 MJ/kg, solids < 0.05 wt %), making it suitable for ...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 1. Effect of Extractives on Phase Separation of Pyrolysis Liquids
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Steven Gust, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:Although high liquid yields of a single phase product can be obtained from bark free “white” wood feedstocks by fast pyrolysis processes, lower yields and a two phase product are obtained from feedstocks containing bark and needles as is commonly found with Forestry Residues. The liquid yield is thus reduced from levels of 70−75 wt % to those of 60−65 wt %. This will have a significant impact on the economic viability of pyrolysis projects in Scandanavia as Forestry Residues are a major source of raw materials. The Forestry Residue product is composed of an extractive rich upper phase which varies from 10 to 20% of the total product and a bottom phase closely resembling the normal bark free wood product. Phase separation occurs due to the higher extractive content of the Residues which due to their much lower oxygen phase separate. Extractives are composed of components such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, terpenes, resin acids, and terpenoids which have lower oxygen content than pyrolysis liquid compound...
Alan G. Marshall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advanced Chemical Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Landfill Waste, Recycled Plastics, and Forestry Residue
Energy & Fuels, 2017Co-Authors: Rebecca L. Ware, Steven M. Rowland, Ryan P. Rodgers, Alan G. MarshallAbstract:Waste material pyrolysis has proven useful for the production of pyrolysis oils; however, the physical properties and chemical composition of pyrolysis oils are greatly influenced by the feedstock. It is well established that lignin- and cellulose-rich material produces pyrolysis oils high in aromatic oxygen-containing compounds, whereas pyrolysis oils produced from other sources such as plastics and household wastes are far less characterized. Here, three fast pyrolysis oils produced from landfill waste, recycled plastics, and pine Forestry Residue are compared by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), comprehensive 2D gas chromatography (GC×GC), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and liquid chromatography. GC×GC, FT-ICR MS, and liquid chromatography provide insight into the chemical composition of pyrolysis oils, whereas FT-IR analysis identifies functional groups. Landfill and plastic pyrolysis oils were found to contain higher hydroca...
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Advanced Chemical Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Landfill Waste, Recycled Plastics, and Forestry Residue
2017Co-Authors: Rebecca L. Ware, Steven M. Rowland, Ryan P. Rodgers, Alan G. MarshallAbstract:Waste material pyrolysis has proven useful for the production of pyrolysis oils; however, the physical properties and chemical composition of pyrolysis oils are greatly influenced by the feedstock. It is well established that lignin- and cellulose-rich material produces pyrolysis oils high in aromatic oxygen-containing compounds, whereas pyrolysis oils produced from other sources such as plastics and household wastes are far less characterized. Here, three fast pyrolysis oils produced from landfill waste, recycled plastics, and pine Forestry Residue are compared by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), comprehensive 2D gas chromatography (GC×GC), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and liquid chromatography. GC×GC, FT-ICR MS, and liquid chromatography provide insight into the chemical composition of pyrolysis oils, whereas FT-IR analysis identifies functional groups. Landfill and plastic pyrolysis oils were found to contain higher hydrocarbon content that resulted from little or no cellulosic material in their feedstock. In contrast, pine pyrolysis oil is more aromatic and contains a higher abundance of polar species due to the number of oxygen functionalities. The hydrocarbons in plastic pyrolysis oil are more saturated than in landfill and pine pyrolysis oils. Due to their lower oxygen content, landfill and plastic pyrolysis oils are more attractive than pine pyrolysis oil as potential fuel candidates
Anja Oasmaa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fast pyrolysis of Forestry Residue and pine 4 improvement of the product quality by solvent addition
Energy & Fuels, 2004Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Steven Gust, Johan Fredrik Selin, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:Addition of alcohols was found to improve the homogeneity, decrease the viscosity and density, lower the flash point, and increase the heating value of pyrolysis liquids. Alcohol addition also lowered the viscosity and molecular mass increase during the aging of pyrolysis liquids. The reduction in the viscosity change was primarily due to a stabilizing effect of alcohols on the water-insoluble high molecular mass lignin-derived fraction. Other effects include the formation of acetals in reactions of alcohols with aldehydes, ketones, and anhydrosugars. Low (≤5 wt %) alcohol additions prevented aging reactions by a few months, while the higher (≥10 wt %) ones retarded them by almost a year. Methanol was the most effective alcohol of those tested (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol). By improving solubility, the alcohols also enhanced the separation of the extractive-rich top layer in the pyrolysis of Forestry Residue by decreasing its volume and increasing the concentration of extractives and solids in the top ...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 2. Physicochemical Composition of Product Liquid
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:In this second article on fuel oil, use of Forestry Residue pyrolysis liquids, their physicochemical properties, and the behavior of these liquids are described. Understanding of the chemical composition of Forestry Residue liquids enables the selection of correct handling and storage conditions. Forestry Residue is one of the most viable biomass feedstocks for liquid production in Northern softwood forest zone. A 10−25 wt % top phase with a high heating value is produced from Forestry Residue due to the high content of extractives and low water content. However, it has high solid and ash contents. The main product, bottom phase, is similar to bark-free wood pyrolysis liquid: volatile acids 8−10 wt %; aldehydes and ketones 10−15 wt %; water 25−30 wt %; “sugar constituents” 30−35 wt %; water-insoluble, mainly lignin-based constituents 15−20 wt %; and extractives (2−6 wt %). Its physical properties (water 28 wt %, pH 3.0, viscosity at 40 °C 15 cSt, LHV 14 MJ/kg, solids < 0.05 wt %), making it suitable for ...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 1. Effect of Extractives on Phase Separation of Pyrolysis Liquids
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Steven Gust, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:Although high liquid yields of a single phase product can be obtained from bark free “white” wood feedstocks by fast pyrolysis processes, lower yields and a two phase product are obtained from feedstocks containing bark and needles as is commonly found with Forestry Residues. The liquid yield is thus reduced from levels of 70−75 wt % to those of 60−65 wt %. This will have a significant impact on the economic viability of pyrolysis projects in Scandanavia as Forestry Residues are a major source of raw materials. The Forestry Residue product is composed of an extractive rich upper phase which varies from 10 to 20% of the total product and a bottom phase closely resembling the normal bark free wood product. Phase separation occurs due to the higher extractive content of the Residues which due to their much lower oxygen phase separate. Extractives are composed of components such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, terpenes, resin acids, and terpenoids which have lower oxygen content than pyrolysis liquid compound...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 3. Storage Stability of Liquid Fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva KuoppalaAbstract:The storage properties of fuels are critical in regard to the introduction of a new fuel into markets. The fuel must be homogeneous, and the properties of the fuel should not change significantly during the storage at the customer's facility. In this research, the storage stability of wood-based pyrolysis liquids was followed by analysis of the changes in the physical properties and chemical composition during storage. The main physicochemical changes took place during the first six months. The high-molecular-mass (HMM) fraction of water-insolubles, which were originally lignin-derived material, increased, because of polymerization and condensation reactions of carbohydrate constituents, aldehydes, and ketones. Therefore, the average molecular mass of pyrolysis liquids increased, which was also observed as an increase in viscosity. There was a clear correlation of the average molecular mass with the viscosity, water-insolubles, and the HMM fraction of water-insolubles. The chemical changes in the aging we...
Eeva Kuoppala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fast pyrolysis of Forestry Residue and pine 4 improvement of the product quality by solvent addition
Energy & Fuels, 2004Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Steven Gust, Johan Fredrik Selin, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:Addition of alcohols was found to improve the homogeneity, decrease the viscosity and density, lower the flash point, and increase the heating value of pyrolysis liquids. Alcohol addition also lowered the viscosity and molecular mass increase during the aging of pyrolysis liquids. The reduction in the viscosity change was primarily due to a stabilizing effect of alcohols on the water-insoluble high molecular mass lignin-derived fraction. Other effects include the formation of acetals in reactions of alcohols with aldehydes, ketones, and anhydrosugars. Low (≤5 wt %) alcohol additions prevented aging reactions by a few months, while the higher (≥10 wt %) ones retarded them by almost a year. Methanol was the most effective alcohol of those tested (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol). By improving solubility, the alcohols also enhanced the separation of the extractive-rich top layer in the pyrolysis of Forestry Residue by decreasing its volume and increasing the concentration of extractives and solids in the top ...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 2. Physicochemical Composition of Product Liquid
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:In this second article on fuel oil, use of Forestry Residue pyrolysis liquids, their physicochemical properties, and the behavior of these liquids are described. Understanding of the chemical composition of Forestry Residue liquids enables the selection of correct handling and storage conditions. Forestry Residue is one of the most viable biomass feedstocks for liquid production in Northern softwood forest zone. A 10−25 wt % top phase with a high heating value is produced from Forestry Residue due to the high content of extractives and low water content. However, it has high solid and ash contents. The main product, bottom phase, is similar to bark-free wood pyrolysis liquid: volatile acids 8−10 wt %; aldehydes and ketones 10−15 wt %; water 25−30 wt %; “sugar constituents” 30−35 wt %; water-insoluble, mainly lignin-based constituents 15−20 wt %; and extractives (2−6 wt %). Its physical properties (water 28 wt %, pH 3.0, viscosity at 40 °C 15 cSt, LHV 14 MJ/kg, solids < 0.05 wt %), making it suitable for ...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 1. Effect of Extractives on Phase Separation of Pyrolysis Liquids
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva Kuoppala, Steven Gust, Yrjö SolantaustaAbstract:Although high liquid yields of a single phase product can be obtained from bark free “white” wood feedstocks by fast pyrolysis processes, lower yields and a two phase product are obtained from feedstocks containing bark and needles as is commonly found with Forestry Residues. The liquid yield is thus reduced from levels of 70−75 wt % to those of 60−65 wt %. This will have a significant impact on the economic viability of pyrolysis projects in Scandanavia as Forestry Residues are a major source of raw materials. The Forestry Residue product is composed of an extractive rich upper phase which varies from 10 to 20% of the total product and a bottom phase closely resembling the normal bark free wood product. Phase separation occurs due to the higher extractive content of the Residues which due to their much lower oxygen phase separate. Extractives are composed of components such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, terpenes, resin acids, and terpenoids which have lower oxygen content than pyrolysis liquid compound...
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Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 3. Storage Stability of Liquid Fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2003Co-Authors: Anja Oasmaa, Eeva KuoppalaAbstract:The storage properties of fuels are critical in regard to the introduction of a new fuel into markets. The fuel must be homogeneous, and the properties of the fuel should not change significantly during the storage at the customer's facility. In this research, the storage stability of wood-based pyrolysis liquids was followed by analysis of the changes in the physical properties and chemical composition during storage. The main physicochemical changes took place during the first six months. The high-molecular-mass (HMM) fraction of water-insolubles, which were originally lignin-derived material, increased, because of polymerization and condensation reactions of carbohydrate constituents, aldehydes, and ketones. Therefore, the average molecular mass of pyrolysis liquids increased, which was also observed as an increase in viscosity. There was a clear correlation of the average molecular mass with the viscosity, water-insolubles, and the HMM fraction of water-insolubles. The chemical changes in the aging we...
Rebecca L. Ware - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advanced Chemical Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Landfill Waste, Recycled Plastics, and Forestry Residue
Energy & Fuels, 2017Co-Authors: Rebecca L. Ware, Steven M. Rowland, Ryan P. Rodgers, Alan G. MarshallAbstract:Waste material pyrolysis has proven useful for the production of pyrolysis oils; however, the physical properties and chemical composition of pyrolysis oils are greatly influenced by the feedstock. It is well established that lignin- and cellulose-rich material produces pyrolysis oils high in aromatic oxygen-containing compounds, whereas pyrolysis oils produced from other sources such as plastics and household wastes are far less characterized. Here, three fast pyrolysis oils produced from landfill waste, recycled plastics, and pine Forestry Residue are compared by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), comprehensive 2D gas chromatography (GC×GC), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), and liquid chromatography. GC×GC, FT-ICR MS, and liquid chromatography provide insight into the chemical composition of pyrolysis oils, whereas FT-IR analysis identifies functional groups. Landfill and plastic pyrolysis oils were found to contain higher hydroca...