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David L Glanzman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term habituation of the gill withdrawal reflex in aplysia requires gene transcription calcineurin and l type voltage gated calcium channels
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Joseph Esdin, Kaycey Pearce, David L GlanzmanAbstract:Although habituation is possibly the simplest Form of Learning, we still do not fully understand the neurobiological basis of habituation in any organism. To advance the goal of a comprehensive understanding of habituation, we have studied long-term habituation (LTH) of the gill-withdrawal reflex (GWR) in the marine snail Aplysia californica. Previously, we showed that habituation of the GWR in a reduced preparation lasts for up to 12 hr, and depends on protein synthesis, as well as activation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Here, we have used the reduced preparation to further analyze the mechanisms of LTH in Aplysia. We found that LTH of the GWR depends on RNA synthesis because it was blocked by both the irreversible transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin-D and the reversible transcriptional inhibitor, 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside (DRB). In addition, LTH requires activation of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), because it was disrupted by ascomycin. Finally, LTH was blocked by nitrendipine, which indicates that activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is required for this Form of Learning. Together with our previous results, the present results indicate that exclusively presynaptic mechanisms, although possibly sufficient for short-term habituation, are insufficient for LTH. Rather, LTH must involve postsynaptic, as well as presynaptic, mechanisms.
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the cellular basis of classical conditioning in aplysia californica it s less simple than you think
Trends in Neurosciences, 1995Co-Authors: David L GlanzmanAbstract:Abstract Classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex of the marine snail Aplysia californica can be used as an important model system for investigating the neurobiology of associative Learning. It results when weak tactile stimulation of the snail's mantle shelf or siphon is repeatedly paired with strong electrical shocks to the animal's tail. This learned behavioral change is thought to be mediated by a presynaptic neuronal mechanism — activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation of the connections between sensory and motor neurons in the CNS of Aplysia . Recent evidence suggests, however, that another type of synaptic plasticity — Hebbian potentiation of the sensorimotor connections — might contribute to classical conditioning in Aplysia . Additional evidence indicates that this relatively simple Form of Learning is likely to be mediated by multiple neuronal mechanisms.
Ellers Jacintha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Selection for associative Learning of color stimuli reveals correlated evolution of this Learning ability across multiple stimuli and rewards
2018Co-Authors: Liefting Maartje, Hoedjes, Katja M., Le Lann Cécile, Smid, Hans M., Ellers JacinthaAbstract:We are only starting to understand how variation in cognitive ability can result from local adaptations to environmental conditions. A major question in this regard is to what extent selection on cognitive ability in a specific context affects that ability in general through correlated evolution. To address this question, we perFormed artificial selection on visual associative Learning in female Nasonia vitripennis wasps. Using appetitive conditioning in which a visual stimulus was offered in association with a host reward, the ability to learn visual associations was enhanced within 10 generations of selection. To test for correlated evolution affecting this Form of Learning, the ability to readily Form learned associations in females was also tested using an olfactory instead of a visual stimulus in the appetitive conditioning. Additionally, we assessed whether the improved associative Learning ability was expressed across sexes by color-conditioning males with a mating reward. Both females and males from the selected lines consistently demonstrated an increased associative Learning ability compared to the control lines, independent of Learning context or conditioned stimulus. No difference in relative volume of brain neuropils was detected between the selected and control lines
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Data from: Selection for associative Learning of color stimuli reveals correlated evolution of this Learning ability across multiple stimuli and rewards.
2018Co-Authors: Liefting Maartje, Hoedjes K.m., Cécile Lann, Smid H.m., Ellers JacinthaAbstract:We are only starting to understand how variation in cognitive ability can result from local adaptations to environmental conditions. A major question in this regard is to what extent selection on cognitive ability in a specific context affects that ability in general through correlated evolution. To address this question we perFormed artificial selection on visual associative Learning in female Nasonia vitripennis wasps. Using appetitive conditioning in which a visual stimulus was offered in association with a host reward, the ability to learn visual associations was enhanced within 10 generations of selection. To test for correlated evolution affecting this Form of Learning, the ability to readily Form learned associations in females was also tested using an olfactory instead of a visual stimulus in the appetitive conditioning. Additionally, we assessed whether the improved associative Learning ability was expressed across sexes by colour-conditioning males with a mating reward. Both females and males from the selected lines consistently demonstrated an increased associative Learning ability compared to the control lines, independent of Learning context or conditioned stimulus. No difference in relative volume of brain neuropils was detected between the selected and control lines
Kaycey Pearce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid habituation of a touch induced escape response in zebrafish danio rerio larvae
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Adam C Roberts, Kaycey Pearce, Ronny C Choe, Joseph B Alzagatiti, Brent R Bill, Julia Chornak, Duy T Ly, Janie Trinkeller, C S Campbell, Dustin WongAbstract:: Zebrafish larvae have several biological features that make them useful for cellular investigations of the mechanisms underlying Learning and memory. of particular interest in this regard is a rapid escape, or startle, reflex possessed by zebrafish larvae; this reflex, the C-start, is mediated by a relatively simple neuronal circuit and exhibits habituation, a non-associative Form of Learning. Here we demonstrate a rapid Form of habituation of the C-start to touch that resembles the previously reported rapid habituation induced by auditory or vibrational stimuli. We also show that touch-induced habituation exhibits input specificity. This work sets the stage for in vivo optical investigations of the cellular sites of plasticity that mediate habituation of the C-start in the larval zebrafish.
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long term habituation of the gill withdrawal reflex in aplysia requires gene transcription calcineurin and l type voltage gated calcium channels
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Joseph Esdin, Kaycey Pearce, David L GlanzmanAbstract:Although habituation is possibly the simplest Form of Learning, we still do not fully understand the neurobiological basis of habituation in any organism. To advance the goal of a comprehensive understanding of habituation, we have studied long-term habituation (LTH) of the gill-withdrawal reflex (GWR) in the marine snail Aplysia californica. Previously, we showed that habituation of the GWR in a reduced preparation lasts for up to 12 hr, and depends on protein synthesis, as well as activation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Here, we have used the reduced preparation to further analyze the mechanisms of LTH in Aplysia. We found that LTH of the GWR depends on RNA synthesis because it was blocked by both the irreversible transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin-D and the reversible transcriptional inhibitor, 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside (DRB). In addition, LTH requires activation of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), because it was disrupted by ascomycin. Finally, LTH was blocked by nitrendipine, which indicates that activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is required for this Form of Learning. Together with our previous results, the present results indicate that exclusively presynaptic mechanisms, although possibly sufficient for short-term habituation, are insufficient for LTH. Rather, LTH must involve postsynaptic, as well as presynaptic, mechanisms.
Stephen Maren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurobiology of pavlovian fear conditioning
Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2001Co-Authors: Stephen MarenAbstract:▪ Abstract Learning the relationships between aversive events and the environmental stimuli that predict such events is essential to the survival of organisms throughout the animal kingdom. Pavlovian fear conditioning is an exemplar of this Form of Learning that is exhibited by both rats and humans. Recent years have seen an incredible surge in interest in the neurobiology of fear conditioning. Neural circuits underlying fear conditioning have been mapped, synaptic plasticity in these circuits has been identified, and biochemical and genetic manipulations are beginning to unravel the molecular machinery responsible for the storage of fear memories. These advances represent an important step in understanding the neural substrates of a rapidly acquired and adaptive Form of associative Learning and memory in mammals.
Joseph E Ledoux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postsynaptic receptor trafficking underlying a Form of associative Learning
Science, 2005Co-Authors: Simon Rumpel, Anthony M Zador, Joseph E Ledoux, Roberto MalinowAbstract:To elucidate molecular, cellular, and circuit changes that occur in the brain during Learning, we investigated the role of a glutamate receptor subtype in fear conditioning. In this Form of Learning, animals associate two stimuli, such as a tone and a shock. Here we report that fear conditioning drives AMPA-type glutamate receptors into the synapse of a large fraction of postsynaptic neurons in the lateral amygdala, a brain structure essential for this Learning process. Furthermore, memory was reduced if AMPA receptor synaptic incorporation was blocked in as few as 10 to 20% of lateral amygdala neurons. Thus, the encoding of memories in the lateral amygdala is mediated by AMPA receptor trafficking, is widely distributed, and displays little redundancy.
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Fear conditioning induces associative long-term potentiation in the amygdala
Nature, 1997Co-Authors: Michael T. Rogan, U. V. Staubli, Joseph E LedouxAbstract:Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an experience-dependent Form of neural plasticity believed to involve mechanisms that underlie memory Formation. LTP has been studied most extensively in the hippocampus, but the relation between hippocampal LTP and memory has been difficult to establish. Here we explore the relation between LTP and memory in fear conditioning, an amygdala-dependent Form of Learning in which an innocuous conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits fear responses after being associatively paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). We have previously shown that LTP induction in pathways that transmit auditory CS inFormation to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) increases auditory-evoked field potentials in this nucleus. Now we show that fear conditioning alters auditory CS-evoked responses in LA in the same way as LTP induction. The changes parallel the acquisition of CS-elicited fear behaviour, are enduring, and do not occur if the CS and US remain unpaired. LTP-like associative processes thus occur during fear conditioning, and these may underlie the long-term associative plasticity that constitutes memory of the conditioning experience.