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Eva Forsgren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correction to: American Foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development.
BMC ecology, 2020Co-Authors: Jörg G. Stephan, Joachim R. De Miranda, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Unfortunately, the original version of the article [1] contained an error. The author has brought to our attention that the article title is truncated in the published version. The correct title is American Foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development. Instead, it was published inadvertently as American Foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore symptom relationship and feedbacks due to an error occurred during the production process.
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Putative determinants of virulence in Melissococcus plutonius, the bacterial agent causing European Foulbrood in honey bees
Virulence, 2020Co-Authors: Daniela Grossar, Eva Forsgren, Verena Kilchenmann, Jean-daniel Charrière, Laurent Gauthier, Michel Chapuisat, Vincent DietemannAbstract:is a bacterial pathogen that causes epidemic outbreaks of European Foulbrood (EFB) in honey bee populations. The pathogenicity of a bacterium depends on its virulence, and understanding the mechani...
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Bacterial Diseases in Honeybees
Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Eva Forsgren, Barbara Locke, Fabrice Sircoulomb, Marc Oliver SchäferAbstract:Purpose of ReviewAmerican Foulbrood (AFB) and European Foulbrood (EFB) are widely distributed and highly infectious bacterial diseases of honeybee brood causing colony losses and considerable economic strain on apiculture globally. In this review, we synthesize the most recent discoveries and achievements made towards understanding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these two bacterial diseases and present current efforts in finding ways to combat them.Recent FindingsAdvancements in molecular methods, such as next-generation sequencing, have provided high-resolution insight into the epidemiological parameters and factors of virulence for the Foulbroods of honeybees.SummaryThe recently gained detailed knowledge of the diversity, biogeography, and relatedness of strains and sub-types of the causative bacteria of AFB and EFB provides a background to study their epidemiology at many scales. Such information will help provide a more global perspective on honeybee disease epidemiology for an increasingly international beekeeping industry.
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The Curious Case of Achromobacter eurydice, a Gram-Variable Pleomorphic Bacterium Associated with European Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees
Microbial Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Silvio Erler, Anja Poehlein, Oleg Lewkowski, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. Bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. European Foulbrood is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other Gram-positive bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice , Bacillus pumilus , Brevibacillus laterosporus , Enterococcus faecalis , Paenibacillus alvei , Paenibacillus dendritiformis ) involved as secondary invaders following the initial infection. More than a century ago, A . eurydice was discovered to be associated with European Foulbrood and morphologically and biochemically characterized. However, since the 1950s–1960s, only a few studies are known covering the biological relevance of this bacterium. Here, we review the biology, ecology, morphology, and biochemistry and discuss the still unclear systematic classification of A . eurydice .
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The Curious Case of Achromobacter eurydice, a Gram-Variable Pleomorphic Bacterium Associated with European Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees
Microbial Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Silvio Erler, Anja Poehlein, Oleg Lewkowski, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. Bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. European Foulbrood is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other Gram-positive bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice , Bacillus pumilus , Brevibacillus laterosporus , Enterococcus faecalis , Paenibacillus alvei , Paenibacillus dendritiformis ) involved as secondary invaders following the initial infection. More than a century ago, A . eurydice was discovered to be associated with European Foulbrood and morphologically and biochemically characterized. However, since the 1950s–1960s, only a few studies are known covering the biological relevance of this bacterium. Here, we review the biology, ecology, morphology, and biochemistry and discuss the still unclear systematic classification of A . eurydice .
Elke Genersch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular pathogenesis of American Foulbrood: how Paenibacillus larvae kills honey bee larvae
Current opinion in insect science, 2015Co-Authors: Lena Poppinga, Elke GenerschAbstract:American Foulbrood caused by Paenibacillus larvae is one of the unsolved health problems honey bee colonies are suffering from. In the recent past, considerable progress has been achieved in understanding molecular details of P. larvae infections of honey bee larvae. This was facilitated by the development of molecular tools for manipulating P. larvae and by the availability of complete genome sequences of different P. larvae genotypes. We here report on several peptides and proteins that have recently been identified, biochemically analyzed, and proposed to act as virulence factors of P. larvae. For some of them, experimental proof for their role as virulence factor has been provided allowing presenting a preliminary model for the molecular pathogenesis of American Foulbrood.
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American Foulbrood in honeybees and its causative agent, Paenibacillus larvae
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2010Co-Authors: Elke GenerschAbstract:After more than a century of American Foulbrood (AFB) research, this fatal brood infection is still among the most deleterious bee diseases. Its etiological agent is the Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. Huge progress has been made, especially in the last 20 years, in the understanding of the disease and of the underlying host-pathogen interactions. This review will place these recent developments in the study of American Foulbrood and of P. larvae into the general context of AFB research.
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negative correlation between individual insect level virulence and colony level virulence of paenibacillus larvae the etiological agent of american Foulbrood of honeybees
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Sandra Rauch, Ainura Ashiralieva, Kati Hedtke, Elke GenerschAbstract:Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees. Recently, different genotypes of P. larvae (ERIC I to ERIC IV) were defined, and it was shown that these genotypes differ inter alia in their virulence on the larval level. On the colony level, bees mitigate AFB through the hygienic behavior of nurse bees. Therefore, we investigated how the hygienic behavior shapes P. larvae virulence on the colony level. Our results indicate that P. larvae virulence on the larval level and that on the colony level are negatively correlated.
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the interactions between honeybee larvae and Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood of honeybees (Apis mellifera).
Environmental microbiology, 2008Co-Authors: Dominique Yue, Marcel Nordhoff, Lothar H. Wieler, Elke GenerschAbstract:Summary American Foulbrood (AFB) is a bacterial disease of honeybee larvae caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. Although AFB and its aetiological agent are described now for more than a century, the general and molecular pathogenesis of this notifiable disease is poorly understood. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed with P. larvae-specific, 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to analyse the early steps in the pathogenesis of American Foulbrood. The following chain of events could be demonstrated: (i) the spores germinate in the midgut lumen, (ii) the vegetative bacteria massively proliferate within the midgut before, and (iii) they start to locally breach the epithelium and invade the haemocoel. The paracellular route was shown to be the main mechanism for invasion contrasting earlier hypotheses of phagocytosis of P. larvae. Invasion coincided with the death of the host implicating that the penetration of the midgut epithelium is a critical step determining the time of death.
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Paenibacillus larvae and American Foulbrood in honeybees.
Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 2007Co-Authors: Elke GenerschAbstract:American Foulbrood, a globally spread bacterial disease of honeybee brood, is one of the most deleterious bee diseases. Its etiological agent is the gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. This review will focus on recent achievements in the study of Paenibacillus larvae brought about by molecular methods introduced into the field over the last fifteen years. One topic will be the classification of the etiological agent which changed several times since the first description in 1906 and was most recently modified again. The relevance of this reclassification for laboratory diagnosis of American Foulbrood will be covered. The analysis of differences in virulence of Paenibacillus larvae and the implications of these differences for transmission of the pathogen and clinical diagnosis of American Foulbrood will be another thematic complex.
Silvio Erler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virulence of Melissococcus plutonius and secondary invaders associated with European Foulbrood disease of the honey bee.
MicrobiologyOpen, 2018Co-Authors: Oleg Lewkowski, Silvio ErlerAbstract:European Foulbrood is a globally distributed brood disease affecting honey bees. It may lead to lethal infections of larvae and, in severe cases, even to colony collapse. Lately, a profound genetic and phenotypic diversity was documented for the causative agent Melissococcus plutonius. However, experimental work on the impact of diverse M. plutonius strains on hosts with different genetic background is completely lacking and the role of secondary invaders is poorly understood. Here, we address these issues and elucidate the impact and interaction of both host and pathogen on one another. Moreover, we try to unravel the role of secondary bacterial invasions in Foulbrood-diseased larvae. We employed in vitro infections with honey bee larvae from queens with different genetic background and three different M. plutonius strains. Larvae infection experiments showed host-dependent survival dynamics although M. plutonius strain 49.3 consistently had the highest virulence. This pattern was also reflected in significantly reduced weights of 49.3 strain-infected larvae compared to the other treatments. No difference was found in groups additionally inoculated with a secondary invader (Enterococcus faecalis or Paenibacillus alvei) neither in terms of larval survival nor weight. These results suggest that host background contributes markedly to the course of the disease but virulence is mainly dependent on pathogen genotype. Secondary invaders following a M. plutonius infection do not increase disease lethality and therefore may just be a colonization of weakened and immunodeficient, or dead larvae.
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The Curious Case of Achromobacter eurydice, a Gram-Variable Pleomorphic Bacterium Associated with European Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees
Microbial Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Silvio Erler, Anja Poehlein, Oleg Lewkowski, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. Bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. European Foulbrood is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other Gram-positive bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice , Bacillus pumilus , Brevibacillus laterosporus , Enterococcus faecalis , Paenibacillus alvei , Paenibacillus dendritiformis ) involved as secondary invaders following the initial infection. More than a century ago, A . eurydice was discovered to be associated with European Foulbrood and morphologically and biochemically characterized. However, since the 1950s–1960s, only a few studies are known covering the biological relevance of this bacterium. Here, we review the biology, ecology, morphology, and biochemistry and discuss the still unclear systematic classification of A . eurydice .
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The Curious Case of Achromobacter eurydice, a Gram-Variable Pleomorphic Bacterium Associated with European Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees
Microbial Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Silvio Erler, Anja Poehlein, Oleg Lewkowski, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. Bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. European Foulbrood is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other Gram-positive bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice , Bacillus pumilus , Brevibacillus laterosporus , Enterococcus faecalis , Paenibacillus alvei , Paenibacillus dendritiformis ) involved as secondary invaders following the initial infection. More than a century ago, A . eurydice was discovered to be associated with European Foulbrood and morphologically and biochemically characterized. However, since the 1950s–1960s, only a few studies are known covering the biological relevance of this bacterium. Here, we review the biology, ecology, morphology, and biochemistry and discuss the still unclear systematic classification of A . eurydice .
Oleg Lewkowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virulence of Melissococcus plutonius and secondary invaders associated with European Foulbrood disease of the honey bee.
MicrobiologyOpen, 2018Co-Authors: Oleg Lewkowski, Silvio ErlerAbstract:European Foulbrood is a globally distributed brood disease affecting honey bees. It may lead to lethal infections of larvae and, in severe cases, even to colony collapse. Lately, a profound genetic and phenotypic diversity was documented for the causative agent Melissococcus plutonius. However, experimental work on the impact of diverse M. plutonius strains on hosts with different genetic background is completely lacking and the role of secondary invaders is poorly understood. Here, we address these issues and elucidate the impact and interaction of both host and pathogen on one another. Moreover, we try to unravel the role of secondary bacterial invasions in Foulbrood-diseased larvae. We employed in vitro infections with honey bee larvae from queens with different genetic background and three different M. plutonius strains. Larvae infection experiments showed host-dependent survival dynamics although M. plutonius strain 49.3 consistently had the highest virulence. This pattern was also reflected in significantly reduced weights of 49.3 strain-infected larvae compared to the other treatments. No difference was found in groups additionally inoculated with a secondary invader (Enterococcus faecalis or Paenibacillus alvei) neither in terms of larval survival nor weight. These results suggest that host background contributes markedly to the course of the disease but virulence is mainly dependent on pathogen genotype. Secondary invaders following a M. plutonius infection do not increase disease lethality and therefore may just be a colonization of weakened and immunodeficient, or dead larvae.
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The Curious Case of Achromobacter eurydice, a Gram-Variable Pleomorphic Bacterium Associated with European Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees
Microbial Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Silvio Erler, Anja Poehlein, Oleg Lewkowski, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. Bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. European Foulbrood is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other Gram-positive bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice , Bacillus pumilus , Brevibacillus laterosporus , Enterococcus faecalis , Paenibacillus alvei , Paenibacillus dendritiformis ) involved as secondary invaders following the initial infection. More than a century ago, A . eurydice was discovered to be associated with European Foulbrood and morphologically and biochemically characterized. However, since the 1950s–1960s, only a few studies are known covering the biological relevance of this bacterium. Here, we review the biology, ecology, morphology, and biochemistry and discuss the still unclear systematic classification of A . eurydice .
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The Curious Case of Achromobacter eurydice, a Gram-Variable Pleomorphic Bacterium Associated with European Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees
Microbial Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Silvio Erler, Anja Poehlein, Oleg Lewkowski, Eva ForsgrenAbstract:Honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. Bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. European Foulbrood is caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other Gram-positive bacteria ( Achromobacter eurydice , Bacillus pumilus , Brevibacillus laterosporus , Enterococcus faecalis , Paenibacillus alvei , Paenibacillus dendritiformis ) involved as secondary invaders following the initial infection. More than a century ago, A . eurydice was discovered to be associated with European Foulbrood and morphologically and biochemically characterized. However, since the 1950s–1960s, only a few studies are known covering the biological relevance of this bacterium. Here, we review the biology, ecology, morphology, and biochemistry and discuss the still unclear systematic classification of A . eurydice .
Anja Buttstedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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food to some poison to others honeybee royal jelly and its growth inhibiting effect on european Foulbrood bacteria
MicrobiologyOpen, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas V. Vezeteu, Robin F. A. Moritz, Otilia Bobis, Anja ButtstedtAbstract:Honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) serve as attractive hosts for a variety of pathogens providing optimal temperatures, humidity, and an abundance of food. Thus, honeybees have to deal with pathogens throughout their lives and, even as larvae they are affected by severe brood diseases like the European Foulbrood caused by Melissococcus plutonius. Accordingly, it is highly adaptive that larval food jelly contains antibiotic compounds. However, although food jelly is primarily consumed by bee larvae, studies investigating the antibiotic effects of this jelly have largely concentrated on bacterial human diseases. In this study, we show that royal jelly fed to queen larvae and added to the jelly of drone and worker larvae, inhibits not only the growth of European Foulbrood-associated bacteria but also its causative agent M. plutonius. This effect is shown to be caused by the main protein (major royal jelly protein 1) of royal jelly.
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Food to some, poison to others ‐ honeybee royal jelly and its growth inhibiting effect on European Foulbrood bacteria
MicrobiologyOpen, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas V. Vezeteu, Robin F. A. Moritz, Otilia Bobis, Anja ButtstedtAbstract:Honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) serve as attractive hosts for a variety of pathogens providing optimal temperatures, humidity, and an abundance of food. Thus, honeybees have to deal with pathogens throughout their lives and, even as larvae they are affected by severe brood diseases like the European Foulbrood caused by Melissococcus plutonius. Accordingly, it is highly adaptive that larval food jelly contains antibiotic compounds. However, although food jelly is primarily consumed by bee larvae, studies investigating the antibiotic effects of this jelly have largely concentrated on bacterial human diseases. In this study, we show that royal jelly fed to queen larvae and added to the jelly of drone and worker larvae, inhibits not only the growth of European Foulbrood-associated bacteria but also its causative agent M. plutonius. This effect is shown to be caused by the main protein (major royal jelly protein 1) of royal jelly.