The Experts below are selected from a list of 13260 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
M. Jamal Deen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, Arif Ul Alam, Hao Jin, Shurong Dong, Chih-hung Chen, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:Abstract Accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and multi-parameter monitoring of water quality parameters is critical for continued water safety from developed urban regions to resource-limited or sparsely populated areas. This study describes an integrated sensing system with solution-processed pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors on a common glass substrate. The pH and temperature sensors are fabricated by low-cost inkjet printing of palladium/palladium oxide and silver. The potentiometric pH sensor has a high sensitivity of 60.6 mV/pH and a fast response of 15 s. The Wheatstone-bridge-based temperature sensor shows an immediate response of 3.35 mV/°C towards temperature change. The Free Chlorine sensor is based on an electrochemically modified pencil lead, which exhibits a stable and reproducible sensitivity of 342 nA/ppm for hypochlorous acid. Such a Free Chlorine sensor is potentiostat-Free and calibration-Free, so it is easy-to-use. The three sensors are connected to a field-programmable gate array board for data collection, analysis and display, with real-time pH and temperature compensation for Free Chlorine sensing. The developed sensing system is user-friendly, cost-effective, and can monitor water samples in real-time with an accuracy of >82%. This platform enables water quality monitoring by nonprofessionals in a simple manner.
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Paper-Based, Hand-Drawn Free Chlorine Sensor with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)
Analytical chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:The concentration of Free Chlorine used for disinfecting drinking water, recreational water, and food processing water is critical for environmental and human health conditions, and should be controlled within stipulated ranges. This report, for the first time, describes a paper-based electrochemical Free Chlorine sensor fabricated by hand-drawing. The electrical resistivity of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) chemoresistor increases when it is exposed to Free Chlorine in water due to oxidation reactions. Because the relative change of the electrical resistance represents the sensor’s response, the sensor can be fabricated by hand-drawing with different shapes and dimensions. The fabrication steps are all at room temperature, require no instrumentation or equipment, and can be carried out by untrained personnel. The fabricated sensor is mechanically stable, reusable, has a wide sensing range, and can accurately measure Free Chlorine concentrations in real water samples...
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Low-Cost Graphite-Based Free Chlorine Sensor.
Analytical chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Si Pan, M. Jamal Deen, Raja GhoshAbstract:Pencil lead was used to fabricate a graphite-based electrode for sensing applications. Its surface was electrochemically modified using ammonium carbamate to make it suitable for sensing Free Chlorine in water samples. Chlorine is widely used as a disinfectant in the water industry, and the residual Free Chlorine concentration in water distributed to the consumers must be lower than that stipulated by regulatory bodies. The graphite-based amperometric sensor gave a selective and linear response to Free Chlorine in the relevant concentration range and no response to commonly interfering ions. It was evaluated further for storage stability, response time, and hysteresis. This sensor is being proposed as a low-cost device for determining Free Chlorine in water samples. Its ease-of-use, limitations, and feasibility for mass-production and application is discussed.
Benito J Marinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of the viral replication cycle of adenovirus serotype 2 after inactivation by Free Chlorine
Environmental science & technology, 2015Co-Authors: Aimee M. Gall, Joanna L. Shisler, Benito J MarinasAbstract:Free Chlorine is effective at inactivating a wide range of waterborne viral pathogens including human adenovirus (HAdV), but the mechanisms by which Free Chlorine inactivates HAdV and other human viruses remain to be elucidated. Such advances in fundamental knowledge are key for development of new disinfection technologies and novel sensors to detect infectious viruses in drinking water. We developed and tested a quantitative assay to analyze several steps in the HAdV replication cycle upon increasing Free Chlorine exposure. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect HAdV genomic DNA as a means to quantify attachment and genome replication of untreated and treated virions. Also, we used quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to quantify the transcription of E1A (first early protein) and hexon mRNA. We compared these replication cycle events to virus inactivation kinetics to determine what stage of the virus replication cycle was inhibited as a function of Free Chlorine expos...
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Mechanistic aspects of adenovirus serotype 2 inactivation with Free Chlorine.
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Martin A. Page, Joanna L. Shisler, Benito J MarinasAbstract:Free Chlorine is an effective disinfectant for controlling adenoviruses in drinking water, but little is known about the underlying inactivation mechanisms. The objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular components of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) targeted by Free Chlorine during the inactivation process. The effects of Free Chlorine treatment on several Ad2 molecular components and associated life cycle events were compared to its effect on the ability of adenovirus to complete its life cycle, i.e., viability. Free Chlorine treatment of Ad2 virions did not impair their ability to interact with monoclonal antibodies specific for hexon and fiber proteins of the Ad2 capsid, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, nor did it impair their interaction with recombinant, purified Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) proteins in vitro. Free Chlorine-treated Ad2 virions also retained their ability to bind to CAR receptors on A549 cell monolayers, despite being unable to form plaques, suggesting that Free Chlorine inactivates Ad2 by inhibiting a postbinding event of the Ad2 life cycle. DNA isolated from Ad2 virions that had been inactivated by Free Chlorine was able to be amplified by PCR, indicating that genome damage was not the cause of inactivation. However, inactivated Ad2 virions were unable to express E1A viral proteins during infection of A549 host cells, as measured by using immunoblotting. Collectively, these results indicate that Free Chlorine inactivates adenovirus by damaging proteins that govern life cycle processes occurring after host cell attachment, such as endocytosis, endosomal lysis, or nuclear delivery.
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Kinetics of adenovirus type 2 inactivation with Free Chlorine
Water research, 2009Co-Authors: Martin A. Page, Joanna L. Shisler, Benito J MarinasAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of pH, temperature, and other relevant water quality parameters on the kinetics of adenovirus serotype 2 inactivation with Free Chlorine. Over a pH range of 6.5–10, a temperature range of 1–30 °C, and in a variety of water types, Free Chlorine was highly effective against adenovirus type 2. Its disinfection efficacy decreased with increasing pH and decreasing temperature, yet was unaffected by hardness and buffering species. Under the most challenging conditions investigated in this study (pH 10, 1 °C), a four-log reduction of adenovirus viability would be achieved at a CT value of 2.6 mg Cl 2 min/L. The inactivation kinetics was characterized by three phases of inactivation under most conditions. The first phase resulted from a reaction involving primarily the hypochlorous acid species and was characterized by rapid inactivation of viruses to a limit that increased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature. After reaching this limit, adenovirus exhibited two subsequent phases of inactivation at lesser rates that were not affected by temperature or pH. As with the first phase of kinetics, a limit of inactivation was approached in the second phase that decreased with increasing pH, and after which the kinetics was characterized by a third and final phase. An inactivation model consistent with these observations was found to provide adequate representation for the Free Chlorine inactivation of adenovirus serotype 2 as well as that reported in the literature for other adenovirus serotypes.
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inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone and Free Chlorine
Water Research, 2002Co-Authors: Benito Coronavasquez, Amy Samuelson, Jason L Rennecker, Benito J MarinasAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the synergy involved in the sequential inactivation of C. parvum oocysts with ozone followed by Free Chlorine at 1–20°C. Primary ozone and Free Chlorine inactivation curves are characterized by an initial lag-phase, followed by one or two post-lag-phase segments, the first segment at a faster rate than the second, of pseudo-first-order inactivation. The kinetics of primary inactivation with ozone and Free Chlorine has a relatively strong temperature dependence, and vary both with oocyst lot and oocyst age. Synergy is observed for the sequential inactivation of C. parvum oocysts with ozone/Free Chlorine. Ozone pre-treatment results in the disappearance of the lag-phase and the occurrence of a secondary Free Chlorine inactivation curve with generally two pseudo-first-order segments, the first segment at a faster rate than the second. The kinetics of both secondary segments is significantly faster than the post-lag-phase rate of inactivation with Free Chlorine alone. The temperature dependence for both phases of the secondary Free Chlorine inactivation kinetics is weaker compared to that for primary inactivation with ozone or Free Chlorine. As a result, the level of synergy in sequential disinfection with ozone/Free Chlorine increases with decreasing temperature within the range relevant to drinking water utilities. Good agreement is found between the kinetics determined using the modified in-vitro excystation method of viability assessment and animal infectivity data recently reported in the literature for both primary inactivation with ozone, and sequential disinfection with ozone/Free Chlorine.
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sequential inactivation of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozone and Free Chlorine
Water Research, 2000Co-Authors: Amy M Driedger, Jason L Rennecker, Benito J MarinasAbstract:Abstract The rate of Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation with Free Chlorine decreased with increasing pH in the range of 6.0–8.5, consistent with hypochlorous acid being primarily responsible for C. parvum inactivation within this pH range. The rate of sequential inactivation of C. parvum oocysts with Free Chlorine after pre-ozonation was characterized by an initial rapid decline in viability followed by slower kinetics with respective rates at pH 6.0 of approximately six times and twice that for Free Chlorine treatment without pre-ozonation under the same conditions. The greatest level of synergy was observed at pH 6; synergy decreased as pH increased until no synergy was observed at pH 8.5. Consistent with hypochlorous acid being the Free Chlorine species primarily responsible for C. parvum inactivation, within the pH range of 6.0–8.5 the rate of secondary inactivation with Free Chlorine decreased with increasing pH. Experiments designed to assess the effect of Free Chlorine concentration on inactivation kinetics provided conclusive evidence for the validity of the CT concept in the case of secondary inactivation of C. parvum oocysts with hypochlorous acid after ozone pre-treatment.
Yiheng Qin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, Arif Ul Alam, Hao Jin, Shurong Dong, Chih-hung Chen, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:Abstract Accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and multi-parameter monitoring of water quality parameters is critical for continued water safety from developed urban regions to resource-limited or sparsely populated areas. This study describes an integrated sensing system with solution-processed pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors on a common glass substrate. The pH and temperature sensors are fabricated by low-cost inkjet printing of palladium/palladium oxide and silver. The potentiometric pH sensor has a high sensitivity of 60.6 mV/pH and a fast response of 15 s. The Wheatstone-bridge-based temperature sensor shows an immediate response of 3.35 mV/°C towards temperature change. The Free Chlorine sensor is based on an electrochemically modified pencil lead, which exhibits a stable and reproducible sensitivity of 342 nA/ppm for hypochlorous acid. Such a Free Chlorine sensor is potentiostat-Free and calibration-Free, so it is easy-to-use. The three sensors are connected to a field-programmable gate array board for data collection, analysis and display, with real-time pH and temperature compensation for Free Chlorine sensing. The developed sensing system is user-friendly, cost-effective, and can monitor water samples in real-time with an accuracy of >82%. This platform enables water quality monitoring by nonprofessionals in a simple manner.
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Paper-Based, Hand-Drawn Free Chlorine Sensor with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)
Analytical chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:The concentration of Free Chlorine used for disinfecting drinking water, recreational water, and food processing water is critical for environmental and human health conditions, and should be controlled within stipulated ranges. This report, for the first time, describes a paper-based electrochemical Free Chlorine sensor fabricated by hand-drawing. The electrical resistivity of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) chemoresistor increases when it is exposed to Free Chlorine in water due to oxidation reactions. Because the relative change of the electrical resistance represents the sensor’s response, the sensor can be fabricated by hand-drawing with different shapes and dimensions. The fabrication steps are all at room temperature, require no instrumentation or equipment, and can be carried out by untrained personnel. The fabricated sensor is mechanically stable, reusable, has a wide sensing range, and can accurately measure Free Chlorine concentrations in real water samples...
Si Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, Arif Ul Alam, Hao Jin, Shurong Dong, Chih-hung Chen, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:Abstract Accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and multi-parameter monitoring of water quality parameters is critical for continued water safety from developed urban regions to resource-limited or sparsely populated areas. This study describes an integrated sensing system with solution-processed pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors on a common glass substrate. The pH and temperature sensors are fabricated by low-cost inkjet printing of palladium/palladium oxide and silver. The potentiometric pH sensor has a high sensitivity of 60.6 mV/pH and a fast response of 15 s. The Wheatstone-bridge-based temperature sensor shows an immediate response of 3.35 mV/°C towards temperature change. The Free Chlorine sensor is based on an electrochemically modified pencil lead, which exhibits a stable and reproducible sensitivity of 342 nA/ppm for hypochlorous acid. Such a Free Chlorine sensor is potentiostat-Free and calibration-Free, so it is easy-to-use. The three sensors are connected to a field-programmable gate array board for data collection, analysis and display, with real-time pH and temperature compensation for Free Chlorine sensing. The developed sensing system is user-friendly, cost-effective, and can monitor water samples in real-time with an accuracy of >82%. This platform enables water quality monitoring by nonprofessionals in a simple manner.
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Paper-Based, Hand-Drawn Free Chlorine Sensor with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)
Analytical chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:The concentration of Free Chlorine used for disinfecting drinking water, recreational water, and food processing water is critical for environmental and human health conditions, and should be controlled within stipulated ranges. This report, for the first time, describes a paper-based electrochemical Free Chlorine sensor fabricated by hand-drawing. The electrical resistivity of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) chemoresistor increases when it is exposed to Free Chlorine in water due to oxidation reactions. Because the relative change of the electrical resistance represents the sensor’s response, the sensor can be fabricated by hand-drawing with different shapes and dimensions. The fabrication steps are all at room temperature, require no instrumentation or equipment, and can be carried out by untrained personnel. The fabricated sensor is mechanically stable, reusable, has a wide sensing range, and can accurately measure Free Chlorine concentrations in real water samples...
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Low-Cost Graphite-Based Free Chlorine Sensor.
Analytical chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Si Pan, M. Jamal Deen, Raja GhoshAbstract:Pencil lead was used to fabricate a graphite-based electrode for sensing applications. Its surface was electrochemically modified using ammonium carbamate to make it suitable for sensing Free Chlorine in water samples. Chlorine is widely used as a disinfectant in the water industry, and the residual Free Chlorine concentration in water distributed to the consumers must be lower than that stipulated by regulatory bodies. The graphite-based amperometric sensor gave a selective and linear response to Free Chlorine in the relevant concentration range and no response to commonly interfering ions. It was evaluated further for storage stability, response time, and hysteresis. This sensor is being proposed as a low-cost device for determining Free Chlorine in water samples. Its ease-of-use, limitations, and feasibility for mass-production and application is discussed.
Raja Ghosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated water quality monitoring system with pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, Arif Ul Alam, Hao Jin, Shurong Dong, Chih-hung Chen, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:Abstract Accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and multi-parameter monitoring of water quality parameters is critical for continued water safety from developed urban regions to resource-limited or sparsely populated areas. This study describes an integrated sensing system with solution-processed pH, Free Chlorine, and temperature sensors on a common glass substrate. The pH and temperature sensors are fabricated by low-cost inkjet printing of palladium/palladium oxide and silver. The potentiometric pH sensor has a high sensitivity of 60.6 mV/pH and a fast response of 15 s. The Wheatstone-bridge-based temperature sensor shows an immediate response of 3.35 mV/°C towards temperature change. The Free Chlorine sensor is based on an electrochemically modified pencil lead, which exhibits a stable and reproducible sensitivity of 342 nA/ppm for hypochlorous acid. Such a Free Chlorine sensor is potentiostat-Free and calibration-Free, so it is easy-to-use. The three sensors are connected to a field-programmable gate array board for data collection, analysis and display, with real-time pH and temperature compensation for Free Chlorine sensing. The developed sensing system is user-friendly, cost-effective, and can monitor water samples in real-time with an accuracy of >82%. This platform enables water quality monitoring by nonprofessionals in a simple manner.
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Paper-Based, Hand-Drawn Free Chlorine Sensor with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)
Analytical chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Yiheng Qin, Si Pan, Raja Ghosh, Matiar M. R. Howlader, M. Jamal DeenAbstract:The concentration of Free Chlorine used for disinfecting drinking water, recreational water, and food processing water is critical for environmental and human health conditions, and should be controlled within stipulated ranges. This report, for the first time, describes a paper-based electrochemical Free Chlorine sensor fabricated by hand-drawing. The electrical resistivity of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) chemoresistor increases when it is exposed to Free Chlorine in water due to oxidation reactions. Because the relative change of the electrical resistance represents the sensor’s response, the sensor can be fabricated by hand-drawing with different shapes and dimensions. The fabrication steps are all at room temperature, require no instrumentation or equipment, and can be carried out by untrained personnel. The fabricated sensor is mechanically stable, reusable, has a wide sensing range, and can accurately measure Free Chlorine concentrations in real water samples...
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Low-Cost Graphite-Based Free Chlorine Sensor.
Analytical chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Si Pan, M. Jamal Deen, Raja GhoshAbstract:Pencil lead was used to fabricate a graphite-based electrode for sensing applications. Its surface was electrochemically modified using ammonium carbamate to make it suitable for sensing Free Chlorine in water samples. Chlorine is widely used as a disinfectant in the water industry, and the residual Free Chlorine concentration in water distributed to the consumers must be lower than that stipulated by regulatory bodies. The graphite-based amperometric sensor gave a selective and linear response to Free Chlorine in the relevant concentration range and no response to commonly interfering ions. It was evaluated further for storage stability, response time, and hysteresis. This sensor is being proposed as a low-cost device for determining Free Chlorine in water samples. Its ease-of-use, limitations, and feasibility for mass-production and application is discussed.
