The Experts below are selected from a list of 24273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edmund J S Sonugabarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Nuria K Mackes, Dennis Golm, Sagari Sarkar, Robert Kumsta, Michael Rutter, Graeme Fairchild, Mitul A Mehta, Edmund J S SonugabarkeAbstract:Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceaușescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior Frontal Surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, Surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial preFrontal volume and Surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years.
M. K. Khasanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
solution of the problem of natural gas storages creating in gas hydrate state in porous reservoirs
Mathematics, 2020Co-Authors: N G Musakaev, M. K. KhasanovAbstract:Underground gas hydrate storage of natural gas is a rather promising way of creating underground storage facilities for hydrocarbon raw materials in porous reservoirs. This paper presents a solution to the problem of the formation of CH4 hydrate in a porous medium during the injection of methane into a reservoir at a temperature lower than the initial temperature of the reservoir. Self-similar solutions of the problem in axisymmetric approximation are given, describing the pressure and temperature distribution in separate reservoir regions at the formation of gas hydrate on the Frontal Surface. On the basis of the method of sequential change of stationary states, an analytical solution was obtained, which allowed us to determine the position of the methane hydrate formation boundary depending on different parameters for any moment of time. The limits of the applicability of the proposed model are also given. Thus, the analysis of the calculation results showed that the constructed solution allows one to sufficiently and accurately determine the values of parameters at the Frontal Surface for a highly permeable medium (k0 > 10−13 m2). It was proved that in the case of a highly permeable medium, the methane hydrate formation intensity will be limited by convective heat dissipation during hydrate formation.
-
Formation of gas hydroxide of sulfur dioxide at liquid sulfur dioxide injection in a porous medium saturated with methane and water
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANO-SciTech, 2019Co-Authors: M. K. Khasanov, S. R. KildibaevaAbstract:A mathematical model of injection of liquid sulfur dioxide into a porous medium saturated with water and methane, accompanied by the formation of SO2 gas hydrate on the Frontal Surface is presented. The dependences of the temperature and the coordinates for the formation front of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate on the pressure of the injection and the initial pressure of the layer are explored. It is established that at sufficiently high injection pressure values and the initial temperature of the layer, as well as the low values of the layer’s initial pressure, the temperature of the porous medium on the boundary of gas hydrate formation of sulfur dioxide may rise above the decomposition’s equilibrium temperature of the gas hydrate of sulfur dioxide. This corresponds to the appearance of a zone in a porous medium saturated with a mixture of water, sulfur dioxide and its gas hydrate, being in a state of phase equilibrium.A mathematical model of injection of liquid sulfur dioxide into a porous medium saturated with water and methane, accompanied by the formation of SO2 gas hydrate on the Frontal Surface is presented. The dependences of the temperature and the coordinates for the formation front of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate on the pressure of the injection and the initial pressure of the layer are explored. It is established that at sufficiently high injection pressure values and the initial temperature of the layer, as well as the low values of the layer’s initial pressure, the temperature of the porous medium on the boundary of gas hydrate formation of sulfur dioxide may rise above the decomposition’s equilibrium temperature of the gas hydrate of sulfur dioxide. This corresponds to the appearance of a zone in a porous medium saturated with a mixture of water, sulfur dioxide and its gas hydrate, being in a state of phase equilibrium.
-
formation of gas hydrates in a porous medium during an injection of cold gas
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015Co-Authors: Sh V Shagapov, N G Musakaev, M. K. KhasanovAbstract:Abstract This research paper examines various features of the formation of gas hydrates in a porous medium during an injection of cold gas (the injected gas temperature is lower than the initial temperature of the porous medium). Self-similar solutions of this problem were built in a rectilinear-parallel approximation. These solutions explain the distribution of the main parameters in a porous medium during the formation of gas hydrates on a Frontal Surface as well as in an extended zone.
-
formation of a gas hydrate due to injection of a cold gas into a porous reservoir partly saturated by water
Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Sh V Shagapov, M. K. Khasanov, N G MusakaevAbstract:Specific features of formation of gas hydrates due to injection of a gas into a porous medium initially filled by a gas and water are considered. Self-similar solutions of an axisymmetric problem, which describe the distributions of the basic parameters in the reservoir, are constructed. The existence of solutions is demonstrated, which predict gas hydrate formation both on the Frontal Surface and in the volume zone.
Sofie L Valk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
personality and local brain structure their shared genetic basis and reproducibility
NeuroImage, 2020Co-Authors: Sofie L Valk, Feli Hoffstaedte, Julia A Camilleri, Pete Kochunov, Thomas T Yeo, Simo EickhoffAbstract:Abstract Local cortical architecture is highly heritable and distinct genes are associated with specific cortical regions. Total Surface area has been shown to be genetically correlated with complex cognitive capacities, suggesting cortical brain structure is a viable endophenotype linking genes to behavior. However, to what extend local brain structure has a genetic association with cognitive and emotional functioning is incompletely understood. Here, we study the genetic correlation between personality traits and local cortical structure in a large-scale twin sample (Human Connectome Project, n = 1102, 22-37y) and we evaluated whether observed associations reflect generalizable relationships between personality and local brain structure two independent age-matched samples (Brain Genomics Superstructure Project: n = 925, age = 19-35y, enhanced Nathan Kline Institute dataset: n = 209, age: 19-39y). We found a genetic overlap between personality traits and local cortical structure in 10 of 18 observed phenotypic associations in predominantly Frontal cortices. However, we only observed evidence in favor of replication for the negative association between Surface area in medial preFrontal cortex and Neuroticism in both replication samples. Quantitative functional decoding indicated this region is implicated in emotional and socio-cognitive functional processes. In sum, our observations suggest that associations between local brain structure and personality are, in part, under genetic control. However, associations are weak and only the relation between Frontal Surface area and Neuroticism was consistently observed across three independent samples of young adults.
-
personality and local brain structure their shared genetic basis and reproducibility
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Sofie L Valk, Feli Hoffstaedte, Julia A Camilleri, Pete Kochunov, Thomas T Yeo, Simo EickhoffAbstract:Local variation in cortical architecture is highly heritable and distinct genes are associated with specific cortical regions. Total Surface area has been shown to be genetically correlated with complex cognitive capacities, suggesting cortical brain structure is a viable endophenotype linking genes to behavior. However, to what extend local brain structure has a genetic association with cognitive and emotional functioning is incompletely understood. Here, we study the genetic correlation between personality traits and local cortical structure in a large-scale twin sample (Human Connectome Project, n=1106, 22-37y). We found a genetic overlap between personality traits and local cortical structure in 10 of 17 observed phenotypic associations in predominantly Frontal cortices. To evaluate the robustness of observed personality-brain associations we studied two independent age-matched samples (GSP: n=926, age=19-35y, eNKI: n=210, age: 19-39y). We observed anecdotal to moderate evidence for a successful replication of the negative association between Surface area in medial preFrontal cortex and Neuroticism in both samples. Quantitative functional decoding indicated this region is implicated in emotional and socio-cognitive functional processes. In sum, our observations suggest that associations between local brain structure and personality are, in part, under genetic control. However, associations are weak and only the relation between Frontal Surface area and Neuroticism was consistently observed across three independent samples of young adults.
Sh V Shagapov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
formation of gas hydrates in a porous medium during an injection of cold gas
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015Co-Authors: Sh V Shagapov, N G Musakaev, M. K. KhasanovAbstract:Abstract This research paper examines various features of the formation of gas hydrates in a porous medium during an injection of cold gas (the injected gas temperature is lower than the initial temperature of the porous medium). Self-similar solutions of this problem were built in a rectilinear-parallel approximation. These solutions explain the distribution of the main parameters in a porous medium during the formation of gas hydrates on a Frontal Surface as well as in an extended zone.
-
formation of a gas hydrate due to injection of a cold gas into a porous reservoir partly saturated by water
Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Sh V Shagapov, M. K. Khasanov, N G MusakaevAbstract:Specific features of formation of gas hydrates due to injection of a gas into a porous medium initially filled by a gas and water are considered. Self-similar solutions of an axisymmetric problem, which describe the distributions of the basic parameters in the reservoir, are constructed. The existence of solutions is demonstrated, which predict gas hydrate formation both on the Frontal Surface and in the volume zone.
N G Musakaev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
solution of the problem of natural gas storages creating in gas hydrate state in porous reservoirs
Mathematics, 2020Co-Authors: N G Musakaev, M. K. KhasanovAbstract:Underground gas hydrate storage of natural gas is a rather promising way of creating underground storage facilities for hydrocarbon raw materials in porous reservoirs. This paper presents a solution to the problem of the formation of CH4 hydrate in a porous medium during the injection of methane into a reservoir at a temperature lower than the initial temperature of the reservoir. Self-similar solutions of the problem in axisymmetric approximation are given, describing the pressure and temperature distribution in separate reservoir regions at the formation of gas hydrate on the Frontal Surface. On the basis of the method of sequential change of stationary states, an analytical solution was obtained, which allowed us to determine the position of the methane hydrate formation boundary depending on different parameters for any moment of time. The limits of the applicability of the proposed model are also given. Thus, the analysis of the calculation results showed that the constructed solution allows one to sufficiently and accurately determine the values of parameters at the Frontal Surface for a highly permeable medium (k0 > 10−13 m2). It was proved that in the case of a highly permeable medium, the methane hydrate formation intensity will be limited by convective heat dissipation during hydrate formation.
-
formation of gas hydrates in a porous medium during an injection of cold gas
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015Co-Authors: Sh V Shagapov, N G Musakaev, M. K. KhasanovAbstract:Abstract This research paper examines various features of the formation of gas hydrates in a porous medium during an injection of cold gas (the injected gas temperature is lower than the initial temperature of the porous medium). Self-similar solutions of this problem were built in a rectilinear-parallel approximation. These solutions explain the distribution of the main parameters in a porous medium during the formation of gas hydrates on a Frontal Surface as well as in an extended zone.
-
formation of a gas hydrate due to injection of a cold gas into a porous reservoir partly saturated by water
Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2008Co-Authors: Sh V Shagapov, M. K. Khasanov, N G MusakaevAbstract:Specific features of formation of gas hydrates due to injection of a gas into a porous medium initially filled by a gas and water are considered. Self-similar solutions of an axisymmetric problem, which describe the distributions of the basic parameters in the reservoir, are constructed. The existence of solutions is demonstrated, which predict gas hydrate formation both on the Frontal Surface and in the volume zone.
