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Bo Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Poly-hétéro-fonctionnalisation sélective des cyclodextrines : réalisation de l'hexadifférentiation de l'alfa-cyclodextrine et de la pentadifférentiation de la -béta-cyclodextrine
2015Co-Authors: Bo WangAbstract:Functionalization of Cn-symmetric concave cycles, especially their post-functionalization, has an important impact on their nature and their applications. In the past few decades, plenty of work has been invested in the development of simple and efficient methods. Great progress has been made concerning functionalization of cyclodextrins particularly since the discovery of the DIBAL-H-mediated debenzylation reaction. Based on this reaction and well-established site-directing rules, various cyclodextrin patterns are now accessible. However, the patterns with the higher level of complexity, i.e. hexadifferentiation of α-cyclodextrin and heptadifferentiation of β-cyclodextrin, were still out of reach. Firstly, we combined the previously delineated site-directing rules to synthesize, for the first time, the ultimate hexadifferentiated α-cyclodextrin on which each glucose unit possesses a different function. It opens the way to the synthesis of all 7826 possible combinations of 6 functions on α-cyclodextrin. Then the reactivity of DIBAL-H was studied on sulfur- and selenium-derived α-cyclodextrins, and two site-directing methods: tandem thioester-reduction/debenzylation and a new “Frustration” Strategy were disclosed, which enable the preparation of new patterns of cyclodextrins. Much efforts were also paid to reach heptadifferentiated β-cyclodextrin. The initial amine Strategy only gave the tetradifferentiated patterns probably due to the coordination between amine and aluminum reagents. Finally, utilization of the uncovered tandem thioester-reduction/debenzylation method allowed us to access pentadifferentiated patterns, which still need to undergo two successive debenzylation reactions to reach the ultimate heptadifferentiated β-cyclodextrin with different thioethers on its primary rim.
Виктор Валериевич Титов - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Стратегии социального протеста молодежи в Рунете: сравнительный анализ поколений Y и Z
The monitoring of public opinion economic&social changes, 2020Co-Authors: Виктор Валериевич ТитовAbstract:The focus of the article is to present a systematic study of the protest behavior and different strategies of Generations Y and Z. The problem under consideration can be examined in three dimensions: (1) through a motivational component of cognitive causes of protest behavior; (2) through psycho-emotional representations of youth protest which appear in social media; (3) particular forms of protest behavior on the web. The theoretical framework of the study is drawn upon a combination of theoretical concepts and communicative and comparative methods as well as political and psychological techniques. The study design comprised three stages. The first and second stages involved an automated monitoring of social media using the Medialogia and IQBuzz systems. The second stage also included a remote survey on the specifics of the Russian youth protest behavior. Comparisons of the protest specifics of Generations Y and Z within the Russian Internet were drawn at the third stage. The study shows that the key motivating factors behind social protest of the Russian young people are a lack of positive image of the future, a feeling of injustice in the existing social order, and their perception of the generalized state institution as corrupt and ineffective. Five basic strategies of social protest at their early stage of formation were singled out: (1) unstructured, (2) terminal attributive, (3) Frustration, (4) politically charged, and (5) locally oriented. Terminal attributive Strategy is typical of Generation Z; Frustration Strategy is a characteristic of Generation Z; Frustration and locally oriented strategies are popular with Generation Y. In case of a “virtual” protest both generations of the Russian youth stick to politically charged and unstructured strategies.
