The Experts below are selected from a list of 149109 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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well to wheels emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants of dimethyl ether from natural gas and renewable feedstocks in comparison with petroleum gasoline and diesel in the united states and europe
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 2016Co-Authors: Michael Wang, Jacob Ward, Elliot Hicks, Dan Goodwin, Rebecca Boudreaux, Per Hanarp, Henrik Salsing, Parthav Desai, Emmanuel Varenne, Patrik KlintbomAbstract:Dimethyl ether (DME) is an alternative to diesel Fuel for use in compression-ignition engines with modified Fuel Systems and offers potential advantages of efficiency improvements and emission redu ...
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total versus urban well to wheels assessment of criteria pollutant emissions from various vehicle Fuel Systems
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Hong Huo, Michael WangAbstract:Abstract The potential impact on the environment of alternative vehicle/Fuel Systems needs to be evaluated, especially with respect to human health effects resulting from air pollution. We used the G reenhouse gases, R egulated E missions, and E nergy use in T ransportation (GREET) model to examine the well-to-wheels (WTW) emissions of five criteria pollutants (VOCs, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and CO) for nine vehicle/Fuel Systems: (1) conventional gasoline vehicles; (2) conventional diesel vehicles; (3) ethanol (E85) flexible-Fuel vehicles (FFVs) Fueled with corn-based ethanol; (4) E85 FFVs Fueled with switchgrass-based ethanol; (5) gasoline hybrid vehicles (HEVs); (6) diesel HEVs; (7) electric vehicles (EVs) charged using the average U.S. generation mix; (8) EVs charged using the California generation mix; and (9) hydrogen Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Pollutant emissions were separated into total and urban emissions to differentiate the locations of emissions, and emissions were presented by sources. The results show that WTW emissions of the vehicle/Fuel Systems differ significantly, in terms of not only the amounts but also with respect to locations and sources, both of which are important in evaluating alternative vehicle/Fuel Systems. E85 FFVs increase total emissions but reduce urban emissions by up to 30% because the majority of emissions are released from farming equipment, fertilizer manufacture, and ethanol plants, all of which are located in rural areas. HEVs reduce both total and urban emissions because of the improved Fuel economy and lower emissions. While EVs significantly reduce total emissions of VOCs and CO by more than 90%, they increase total emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 by 35–325%. However, EVs can reduce urban PM emissions by more than 40%. FCVs reduce VOCs, CO, and NOx emissions, but they increase both total and urban PM emissions because of the high process emissions that occur during hydrogen production. This study emphasizes the importance of specifying a thorough life-cycle emissions inventory that can account for both the locations and sources of the emissions to assist in achieving a fair comparison of alternative vehicle/Fuel options in terms of their environmental impacts.
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well to wheels results of energy use greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutant emissions of selected vehicle Fuel Systems
SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition, 2006Co-Authors: Michael Wang, P Sharer, Aymeric RousseauAbstract:A Fuel-cycle model—called the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model—has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate well-to-wheels (WTW) energy and emission impacts of motor vehicle technologies Fueled with various transportation Fuels. The new GREET version has up-to-date information regarding energy use and emissions for Fuel production activities and vehicle operations. In this study, a complete WTW evaluation targeting energy use, greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O), and typical criteria air pollutants (VOC, NOX and PM10) includes the following Fuel options – gasoline, diesel and hydrogen; and the following vehicle technologies – spark-ignition engines with or without hybrid configurations, compression-ignition engines with hybrid configurations, and hydrogen Fuel cells with hybrid configurations. Based on the detailed up-to-date data, probability-based distribution functions for key input parameters regarding WTP activities and vehicle operations were built into GREET to address the uncertainties of energy use and emissions. The WTW analysis shows that advanced vehicle/Fuel Systems achieve reductions in energy use, GHG emissions and criteria pollutant emissions compared to baseline gasoline vehicles by 1) improved vehicle Fuel economy, 2) declined tailpipe/evaporative vehicle emissions, and/or 3) differences in Fuel production pathways.
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allocation of energy use in petroleum refineries to petroleum products implications for life cycle energy use and emission inventory of petroleum transportation Fuels
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2004Co-Authors: Michael Wang, Hanjie Lee, J C MolburgAbstract:Aim, Scope, and Background Studies to evaluate the energy and emission impacts of vehicle/Fuel Systems have to address allocation of the energy use and emissions associated with petroleum refineries to various petroleum products because refineries produce multiple products. The allocation is needed in evaluating energy and emission effects of individual transportation Fuels. Allocation methods used so far for petroleum-based Fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]) are based primarily on mass, energy content, or market value shares of individual Fuels from a given refinery. The aggregate approach at the refinery level is unable to account for the energy use and emission differences associated with producing individual Fuels at the next sub-level: individual refining processes within a refinery. The approach ignores the fact that different refinery products go through different processes within a refinery. Allocation at the subprocess level (i.e., the refining process level) instead of at the aggregate process level (i.e., the refinery level) is advocated by the International Standard Organization. In this study, we seek a means of allocating total refinery energy use among various refinery products at the level of individual refinery processes.
V E Messerle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling and full scale tests of vortex plasma Fuel Systems for igniting high ash power plant coal
Thermal Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: V E Messerle, A B Ustimenko, Yu E Karpenko, Yu M Chernetskiy, A A Dekterev, S A FilimonovAbstract:The processes of supplying pulverized-coal Fuel into a boiler equipped with plasma-Fuel Systems and its combustion in the furnace of this boiler are investigated. The results obtained from 3D modeling of conventional coal combustion processes and its firing with plasma-assisted activation of combustion in the furnace space are presented. The plasma-Fuel system with air mixture supplied through a scroll is numerically investigated. The dependence of the swirled air mixture flow trajectory in the vortex plasma-Fuel system on the scroll rotation angle is revealed, and the optimal rotation angle at which stable plasma-assisted ignition of pulverized coal flame is achieved is determined.
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plasma Fuel Systems utilization for ecological and energy efficiency of thermal power plants
2014Co-Authors: V E Messerle, A B UstimenkoAbstract:This chapter presents the results of research and application of direct-flow, vortex, and muffle plasma-Fuel Systems (PFS) for coal-fired boilers of thermal power plants (TPP) at Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shakhtinsk, and Almaty (TPP-2 and TPP-3) (Kazakhstan). PFS are investigated for boilers with pulverizing Systems with direct injection of dust (Shakhtinsk TPP and Almaty TPP-2) and intermediate bunker (Ust-Kamenogorsk TPP and Almaty TPP-3). Also this chapter presents the results of numerical simulations of the plasma-assisted thermochemical preparation of coal for ignition and combustion in a furnace of power boiler. The calculations were performed for a low-rank bituminous coal. 1D model PLASMA-COAL was used for plasma-Fuel system computation. It describes a two-phase chemically reacting flow in a plasma chamber with an internal source of heat, which can be an arc or plasma flame. The kinetic scheme describes stages of coal devolatilisation, reactions in the gas phase, and heterogeneous reactions of carbon oxidation. Data to enable a 3D numerical simulation of coal combustion in a furnace chamber were collected. The 3D numerical experiment was performed with the aid of CINAR ICE code applied to the boilers of 420 ton/h and 75 ton/h steam productivity. A comparative analysis of the coal combustion process enhanced through plasma-Fuel Systems and without plasma activation was carried out. As a result of the numerical experiments, the advantages of the plasma technology have been clearly demonstrated.
Eric L Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental evaluation of htpb paraffin Fuel blends for hybrid rocket applications
Combustion and Flame, 2021Co-Authors: James C Thomas, Christian Paravan, Jacob M Stahl, Andrew J Tykol, Felix A Rodriguez, L Galfetti, Eric L PetersenAbstract:Abstract Hybrid rockets have many advantages over pure solid or liquid propellant rockets, but low solid Fuel regression rates and correspondingly low thrust have hindered their application to operational Systems. Paraffin-based Fuels regress significantly faster than traditional polymeric formulations, such as HTPB, and paraffin inclusion in HTPB represents a potential tool for performance augmentation in hybrid rockets. A survey of the available literature indicated disparities regarding the utility of this approach which are resolved herein. Fuel specimen consisting of plain HTPB; plain paraffin; and HTPB loaded with molten macrocrystalline paraffin wax (10–75%) or solid microcrystalline paraffin particles (10–60%) were manufactured and evaluated for their thermal decomposition and ballistic properties. Fuel samples were heated (10 K/min) in an argon atmosphere in simultaneous TGA/DTA experiments. The inclusion of macrocrystalline paraffin enhanced the low-temperature decomposition of HTPB, while the inclusion of microcrystalline paraffin had the opposite effect. The prepared Fuel grains were burned in gaseous oxygen on one of two lab-scale hybrid rockets over a range of oxidizer mass fluxes (5–430 kg/m2-s) and pressures (0.5–1.0 MPa). The plain macrocrystalline paraffin Fuel exhibited a 300% increase in regression rate over plain HTPB. However, none of the mixed-Fuel formulations exhibited notable, if any, regression rate enhancement at the evaluated operating conditions. First principles modeling was completed for the combustion of plain HTPB, plain paraffin, and mixed-Fuel Systems comprised of HTPB containing molten liquid paraffin or solid paraffin particles. The combustion of mixed-Fuel Systems is dominated by the pyrolysis of HTPB which does not allow for the formation of a melt layer at the Fuel surface, such that any enhancement is due to an increase in the vaporization rate of the Fuel and not entrainment effects. This study was the first to concurrently evaluate the inclusion of both molten liquid paraffin and solid paraffin particles in HTPB and demonstrated a lack of performance augmentation with either strategy in two separate laboratories. The results presented herein resolve the disparities in the literature and indicate that paraffin inclusion in HTPB is not a viable means for tailoring the combustion behavior of hybrid rocket Systems.
S A Filimonov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling and full scale tests of vortex plasma Fuel Systems for igniting high ash power plant coal
Thermal Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: V E Messerle, A B Ustimenko, Yu E Karpenko, Yu M Chernetskiy, A A Dekterev, S A FilimonovAbstract:The processes of supplying pulverized-coal Fuel into a boiler equipped with plasma-Fuel Systems and its combustion in the furnace of this boiler are investigated. The results obtained from 3D modeling of conventional coal combustion processes and its firing with plasma-assisted activation of combustion in the furnace space are presented. The plasma-Fuel system with air mixture supplied through a scroll is numerically investigated. The dependence of the swirled air mixture flow trajectory in the vortex plasma-Fuel system on the scroll rotation angle is revealed, and the optimal rotation angle at which stable plasma-assisted ignition of pulverized coal flame is achieved is determined.
A B Ustimenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling and full scale tests of vortex plasma Fuel Systems for igniting high ash power plant coal
Thermal Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: V E Messerle, A B Ustimenko, Yu E Karpenko, Yu M Chernetskiy, A A Dekterev, S A FilimonovAbstract:The processes of supplying pulverized-coal Fuel into a boiler equipped with plasma-Fuel Systems and its combustion in the furnace of this boiler are investigated. The results obtained from 3D modeling of conventional coal combustion processes and its firing with plasma-assisted activation of combustion in the furnace space are presented. The plasma-Fuel system with air mixture supplied through a scroll is numerically investigated. The dependence of the swirled air mixture flow trajectory in the vortex plasma-Fuel system on the scroll rotation angle is revealed, and the optimal rotation angle at which stable plasma-assisted ignition of pulverized coal flame is achieved is determined.
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plasma Fuel Systems utilization for ecological and energy efficiency of thermal power plants
2014Co-Authors: V E Messerle, A B UstimenkoAbstract:This chapter presents the results of research and application of direct-flow, vortex, and muffle plasma-Fuel Systems (PFS) for coal-fired boilers of thermal power plants (TPP) at Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shakhtinsk, and Almaty (TPP-2 and TPP-3) (Kazakhstan). PFS are investigated for boilers with pulverizing Systems with direct injection of dust (Shakhtinsk TPP and Almaty TPP-2) and intermediate bunker (Ust-Kamenogorsk TPP and Almaty TPP-3). Also this chapter presents the results of numerical simulations of the plasma-assisted thermochemical preparation of coal for ignition and combustion in a furnace of power boiler. The calculations were performed for a low-rank bituminous coal. 1D model PLASMA-COAL was used for plasma-Fuel system computation. It describes a two-phase chemically reacting flow in a plasma chamber with an internal source of heat, which can be an arc or plasma flame. The kinetic scheme describes stages of coal devolatilisation, reactions in the gas phase, and heterogeneous reactions of carbon oxidation. Data to enable a 3D numerical simulation of coal combustion in a furnace chamber were collected. The 3D numerical experiment was performed with the aid of CINAR ICE code applied to the boilers of 420 ton/h and 75 ton/h steam productivity. A comparative analysis of the coal combustion process enhanced through plasma-Fuel Systems and without plasma activation was carried out. As a result of the numerical experiments, the advantages of the plasma technology have been clearly demonstrated.
