The Experts below are selected from a list of 1223367 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul M Obyrne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an economic evaluation of combination treatment with budesonide and formoterol in patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma
Respiratory Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Bengt Jonsson, Fredrik Berggren, Klas Svensson, Paul M ObyrneAbstract:Patients with mild asthma may benefit from increasing their inhaled corticosteroid dose, adding a tong-acting beta(2)-agonist, or both. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of these options. Patients aged greater than or equal to12 years with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma (n = 1272) were randomised to twice-daily, double-blind treatment with budesonide 100 mug, budesonide 100 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug, budesonide 200 mug, or budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug for 12 months. Clinical variables included lung Function, Number of symptom-free days and Number of severe exacerbations. Data on medication use, hospitalisation, visits to health professionals and time off work due to asthma were combined with Swedish unit cost data (1999) to estimate the mean annual cost per patient. Budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug had the greatest efficacy and effectiveness. Budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug was both more effective and less costly than budesonide 100 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug, so a cost-effectiveness ratio was not calculated for this comparison. The cost-effectiveness ratio for budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug compared with budesonide 200 mug alone was SEK 21 per symptom-free days gained. The combination of budesonide and formoterol in mild-to-moderate persistent asthma improved effectiveness at modest additional cost. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)
Lindmark Ulrika - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical and self-reported measurements to be included in the core elements of the World Dental Federation's theoretical framework of oral health
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Ahonen Hanna, Kvarnvik Christine, Norderyd Ola, Broström Anders, Fransson Eleonor, Lindmark UlrikaAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Oral health is part of general health, and oral diseases share risk factors with several non-communicable diseases. The World Dental Federation (FDI) has published a theoretical framework illustrating the complex interactions between the core elements of oral health (CEOHs): driving determinants, moderating factors, and general health and well-being. However, the framework does not specify which self-reported or clinical measurements to be included in the CEOHs. OBJECTIVES: To explore oral health measurements relevant for a general adult population to be included in the CEOHs in the FDI's theoretical framework of oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A psychometric study was performed, using cross-sectional data from Sweden (N = 630, 54% women, mean age 49.7 years). The data set initially consisted of 186 self-reported and clinical measurements. To identify suitable measurements, the selection was discussed in different settings, including both experts and patients. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to explore, reduce and evaluate measurements to be included in the three CEOHs. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's Alpha. RESULTS: The validation process yielded 13 measurements (four clinical, nine self-reported) in concordance with the CEOHs. PCAs confirmed robust validity regarding the construction, predicting 60.85% of variance, representing psychosocial Function (Number of measurements = 5), disease and condition status (Number of measurements = 4), and physiological Function (Number of measurements = 4). Cronbach's Alpha indicated good to sufficient internal consistency for each component in the constructs (α = 0.88, 0.68, 0.61, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a Swedish general adult population, 13 self-reported and clinical measurements can be relevant to include to operationalise CEOHs in the FDI's theoretical framework
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Clinical and self-reported measurements to be included in the core elements of the World Dental Federations theoretical framework of oral health
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Ahonen Hanna, Kvarnvik Christine, Norderyd Ola, Broström Anders, Fransson Eleonor, Lindmark UlrikaAbstract:Introduction Oral health is part of general health, and oral diseases share risk factors with several non-communicable diseases. The World Dental Federation (FDI) has published a theoretical framework illustrating the complex interactions between the core elements of oral health (CEOHs): driving determinants, moderating factors, and general health and well-being. However, the framework does not specify which self-reported or clinical measurements to be included in the CEOHs. Objectives To explore oral health measurements relevant for a general adult population to be included in the CEOHs in the FDIs theoretical framework of oral health. Materials and methods A psychometric study was performed, using cross-sectional data from Sweden (N = 630, 54% women, mean age 49.7 years). The data set initially consisted of 186 self-reported and clinical measurements. To identify suitable measurements, the selection was discussed in different settings, including both experts and patients. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to explore, reduce and evaluate measurements to be included in the three CEOHs. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbachs Alpha. Results The validation process yielded 13 measurements (four clinical, nine self-reported) in concordance with the CEOHs. PCAs confirmed robust validity regarding the construction, predicting 60.85% of variance, representing psychosocial Function (Number of measurements = 5), disease and condition status (Number of measurements = 4), and physiological Function (Number of measurements = 4). Cronbachs Alpha indicated good to sufficient internal consistency for each component in the constructs (alpha = 0.88, 0.68, 0.61, respectively). Conclusion In a Swedish general adult population, 13 self-reported and clinical measurements can be relevant to include to operationalise CEOHs in the FDIs theoretical framework.Funding Agencies|Jonkoping University, Sweden; Futurum-Academy for Health and Care, Jonkoping County Council [844881]
Butsky, Iryna S. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Consistent Reduced-Speed-of-Light Formulation of Cosmic Ray Transport Valid in Weak and Strong-Scattering Regimes
2021Co-Authors: Hopkins, Philip F., Squire Jonathan, Butsky, Iryna S.Abstract:We derive a consistent set of moments equations for CR-magnetohydrodynamics, assuming a gyrotropic distribution Function (DF). Unlike previous efforts we derive a closure, akin to the M1 closure in radiation hydrodynamics (RHD), that is valid in both the nearly-isotropic-DF and/or strong-scattering regimes, and the arbitrarily-anisotropic DF or free-streaming regimes, as well as allowing for anisotropic scattering and transport/magnetic field structure. We present the appropriate two-moment closure and equations for various choices of evolved variables, including the CR phase space distribution Function, Number density, total energy, kinetic energy, and their fluxes or higher moments, and the appropriate coupling terms to the gas. We show that this naturally includes and generalizes a variety of terms including convection/fluid motion, anisotropic CR pressure, streaming, diffusion, gyro-resonant/streaming losses, and re-acceleration. We discuss how this extends previous treatments of CR transport including diffusion and moments methods and popular forms of the Fokker-Planck equation, as well as how this differs from the analogous M1-RHD equations. We also present two different methods for incorporating a reduced speed of light (RSOL) to reduce timestep limitations: in both we carefully address where the RSOL (versus true c) must appear for the correct behavior to be recovered in all interesting limits, and show how current implementations of CRs with a RSOL neglect some additional terms
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A Consistent Reduced-Speed-of-Light Formulation of Cosmic Ray Transport Valid in Weak and Strong-Scattering Regimes
2021Co-Authors: Hopkins, Philip F., Squire Jonathan, Butsky, Iryna S.Abstract:We derive a consistent set of moments equations for CR-magnetohydrodynamics, assuming a gyrotropic distribution Function (DF). Unlike previous efforts we derive a closure, akin to the M1 closure in radiation hydrodynamics (RHD), that is valid in both the nearly-isotropic-DF and/or strong-scattering regimes, and the arbitrarily-anisotropic DF or free-streaming regimes, as well as allowing for anisotropic scattering and transport/magnetic field structure. We present the appropriate two-moment closure and equations for various choices of evolved variables, including the CR phase space distribution Function, Number density, total energy, kinetic energy, and their fluxes or higher moments, and the appropriate coupling terms to the gas. We show that this naturally includes and generalizes a variety of terms including convection/fluid motion, anisotropic CR pressure, streaming, diffusion, gyro-resonant/streaming losses, and re-acceleration. We discuss how this extends previous treatments of CR transport including diffusion and moments methods and popular forms of the Fokker-Planck equation, as well as how this differs from the analogous M1-RHD equations. We also present two different methods for incorporating a reduced speed of light (RSOL) to reduce timestep limitations: in both we carefully address where the RSOL (versus true c) must appear for the correct behavior to be recovered in all interesting limits, and show how current implementations of CRs with a RSOL neglect some additional terms.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures. Readers not interested in the detailed derivations can skip to Appendix A, which simply summarizes the key equations derive
Bengt Jonsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an economic evaluation of combination treatment with budesonide and formoterol in patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma
Respiratory Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Bengt Jonsson, Fredrik Berggren, Klas Svensson, Paul M ObyrneAbstract:Patients with mild asthma may benefit from increasing their inhaled corticosteroid dose, adding a tong-acting beta(2)-agonist, or both. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of these options. Patients aged greater than or equal to12 years with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma (n = 1272) were randomised to twice-daily, double-blind treatment with budesonide 100 mug, budesonide 100 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug, budesonide 200 mug, or budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug for 12 months. Clinical variables included lung Function, Number of symptom-free days and Number of severe exacerbations. Data on medication use, hospitalisation, visits to health professionals and time off work due to asthma were combined with Swedish unit cost data (1999) to estimate the mean annual cost per patient. Budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug had the greatest efficacy and effectiveness. Budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug was both more effective and less costly than budesonide 100 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug, so a cost-effectiveness ratio was not calculated for this comparison. The cost-effectiveness ratio for budesonide 200 mug plus formoterol 4.5 mug compared with budesonide 200 mug alone was SEK 21 per symptom-free days gained. The combination of budesonide and formoterol in mild-to-moderate persistent asthma improved effectiveness at modest additional cost. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)
Ahonen Hanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical and self-reported measurements to be included in the core elements of the World Dental Federation's theoretical framework of oral health
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Ahonen Hanna, Kvarnvik Christine, Norderyd Ola, Broström Anders, Fransson Eleonor, Lindmark UlrikaAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Oral health is part of general health, and oral diseases share risk factors with several non-communicable diseases. The World Dental Federation (FDI) has published a theoretical framework illustrating the complex interactions between the core elements of oral health (CEOHs): driving determinants, moderating factors, and general health and well-being. However, the framework does not specify which self-reported or clinical measurements to be included in the CEOHs. OBJECTIVES: To explore oral health measurements relevant for a general adult population to be included in the CEOHs in the FDI's theoretical framework of oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A psychometric study was performed, using cross-sectional data from Sweden (N = 630, 54% women, mean age 49.7 years). The data set initially consisted of 186 self-reported and clinical measurements. To identify suitable measurements, the selection was discussed in different settings, including both experts and patients. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to explore, reduce and evaluate measurements to be included in the three CEOHs. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's Alpha. RESULTS: The validation process yielded 13 measurements (four clinical, nine self-reported) in concordance with the CEOHs. PCAs confirmed robust validity regarding the construction, predicting 60.85% of variance, representing psychosocial Function (Number of measurements = 5), disease and condition status (Number of measurements = 4), and physiological Function (Number of measurements = 4). Cronbach's Alpha indicated good to sufficient internal consistency for each component in the constructs (α = 0.88, 0.68, 0.61, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a Swedish general adult population, 13 self-reported and clinical measurements can be relevant to include to operationalise CEOHs in the FDI's theoretical framework
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Clinical and self-reported measurements to be included in the core elements of the World Dental Federations theoretical framework of oral health
'Wiley', 2021Co-Authors: Ahonen Hanna, Kvarnvik Christine, Norderyd Ola, Broström Anders, Fransson Eleonor, Lindmark UlrikaAbstract:Introduction Oral health is part of general health, and oral diseases share risk factors with several non-communicable diseases. The World Dental Federation (FDI) has published a theoretical framework illustrating the complex interactions between the core elements of oral health (CEOHs): driving determinants, moderating factors, and general health and well-being. However, the framework does not specify which self-reported or clinical measurements to be included in the CEOHs. Objectives To explore oral health measurements relevant for a general adult population to be included in the CEOHs in the FDIs theoretical framework of oral health. Materials and methods A psychometric study was performed, using cross-sectional data from Sweden (N = 630, 54% women, mean age 49.7 years). The data set initially consisted of 186 self-reported and clinical measurements. To identify suitable measurements, the selection was discussed in different settings, including both experts and patients. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to explore, reduce and evaluate measurements to be included in the three CEOHs. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbachs Alpha. Results The validation process yielded 13 measurements (four clinical, nine self-reported) in concordance with the CEOHs. PCAs confirmed robust validity regarding the construction, predicting 60.85% of variance, representing psychosocial Function (Number of measurements = 5), disease and condition status (Number of measurements = 4), and physiological Function (Number of measurements = 4). Cronbachs Alpha indicated good to sufficient internal consistency for each component in the constructs (alpha = 0.88, 0.68, 0.61, respectively). Conclusion In a Swedish general adult population, 13 self-reported and clinical measurements can be relevant to include to operationalise CEOHs in the FDIs theoretical framework.Funding Agencies|Jonkoping University, Sweden; Futurum-Academy for Health and Care, Jonkoping County Council [844881]
