The Experts below are selected from a list of 159 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B D Jana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new methodology for modelling erosion–corrosion regimes on real surfaces : Gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal-corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, Shehab Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Abstract Erosion–corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a “black art” due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion–corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping has been developed to model the erosion–corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion–corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion–corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper.
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a new methodology for modelling erosion corrosion regimes on real surfaces gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, Shehab Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Abstract Erosion–corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a “black art” due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion–corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping has been developed to model the erosion–corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion–corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion–corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper.
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A new methodology for modelling erosion–corrosion regimes on real surfaces: Gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal-corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: M.m. Stack, S.m. Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Erosion-corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a "black art" due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion-corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion-corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion-corrosion mapping has been developed to model erosion-corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion-corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion-corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper
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A map and a pipe: a new approach to characterizing erosion-corrosion regimes of Fe in three dimensions using CFD modelling
2009Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, S. M. Abdulrahman, B D JanaAbstract:In studies of erosion-corrosion, much work has been carried out in recent years to identify regimes of behaviour. Such regimes describe the transition between the erosion and corrosion dominated mechanisms. They can also be used, by assigning various criteria, to identify other regimes of behaviour such as extent of "synergy/antagonism" in the process, so-called "additive" behaviour and the extent of wastage. Despite this work, there has been very little effort to combine the two dimensional erosion-corrosion map with CFD modelling approaches, in which the characteristics of the fluid are accounted for in the regime description. This means that extrapolation of such maps in two dimensions to a three dimensional real surface presents some difficulties. However, it is these surfaces that corrosion engineers are required to tailor, either through modification of the material composition, the surface or the process parameters, for optimum erosion-corrosion resistance. In this paper, a methodology is generated to combine the concepts of CFD modelling, and the erosion-corrosion regime map for a specific geometry and for a range of pure metals in descending order in the Galvanic Series. The changes in regimes are presented as a function of variation in the erosion and corrosion variables i.e. particle size, hardness and solution pH. Erosion-corrosion regimes are presented, based on the model results, showing the wide range of mechanistic and wastage mechanisms possible over the component surface.
Margaret Stack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new methodology for modelling erosion–corrosion regimes on real surfaces : Gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal-corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, Shehab Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Abstract Erosion–corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a “black art” due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion–corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping has been developed to model the erosion–corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion–corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion–corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper.
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a new methodology for modelling erosion corrosion regimes on real surfaces gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, Shehab Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Abstract Erosion–corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a “black art” due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion–corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping has been developed to model the erosion–corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion–corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion–corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper.
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A map and a pipe: a new approach to characterizing erosion-corrosion regimes of Fe in three dimensions using CFD modelling
2009Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, S. M. Abdulrahman, B D JanaAbstract:In studies of erosion-corrosion, much work has been carried out in recent years to identify regimes of behaviour. Such regimes describe the transition between the erosion and corrosion dominated mechanisms. They can also be used, by assigning various criteria, to identify other regimes of behaviour such as extent of "synergy/antagonism" in the process, so-called "additive" behaviour and the extent of wastage. Despite this work, there has been very little effort to combine the two dimensional erosion-corrosion map with CFD modelling approaches, in which the characteristics of the fluid are accounted for in the regime description. This means that extrapolation of such maps in two dimensions to a three dimensional real surface presents some difficulties. However, it is these surfaces that corrosion engineers are required to tailor, either through modification of the material composition, the surface or the process parameters, for optimum erosion-corrosion resistance. In this paper, a methodology is generated to combine the concepts of CFD modelling, and the erosion-corrosion regime map for a specific geometry and for a range of pure metals in descending order in the Galvanic Series. The changes in regimes are presented as a function of variation in the erosion and corrosion variables i.e. particle size, hardness and solution pH. Erosion-corrosion regimes are presented, based on the model results, showing the wide range of mechanistic and wastage mechanisms possible over the component surface.
C.f. Dunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Galvanic Series for thin-film metallizations and barrier layers commonly used in the microelectronics industry
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1994Co-Authors: A.j. Griffin, S.e. Hernandez, F.r. Brotzen, C.f. DunnAbstract:A Galvanic Series was developed for a variety of thin-film metallizations and barrier layers deposited on oxidized Si substrates. The Series was determined by listing the stable open-circuit potentials of thin-film metallizations, barrier layers, and metal/barrier-layer couples that were evaluated using a 2000 ppm NH 4 Cl electrolyte. The findings are particularly meaningful for the manufacture of microelectronic devices, because the relative corrosion tendencies of microelectronic materials have been determined traditionally from Galvanic tables based on their bulk counterparts in seawater
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A Galvanic Series for Thin‐Film Metallizations and Barrier Layers Commonly Used in the Microelectronics Industry
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1994Co-Authors: A.j. Griffin, S.e. Hernandez, F.r. Brotzen, C.f. DunnAbstract:A Galvanic Series was developed for a variety of thin-film metallizations and barrier layers deposited on oxidized Si substrates. The Series was determined by listing the stable open-circuit potentials of thin-film metallizations, barrier layers, and metal/barrier-layer couples that were evaluated using a 2000 ppm NH 4 Cl electrolyte. The findings are particularly meaningful for the manufacture of microelectronic devices, because the relative corrosion tendencies of microelectronic materials have been determined traditionally from Galvanic tables based on their bulk counterparts in seawater
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Corrosion behaviour of thin-film metallizations on CVD W and sputtered W-Ti barrier layers
31st Annual Proceedings Reliability Physics 1993, 1993Co-Authors: A.j. Griffin, S.e. Hernandez, J.d. Lawrence, J.w. Mcpherson, C.f. DunnAbstract:The results of a study using DC polarization techniques are explained on the basis of the Galvanic couple formed between the metallization and the barrier layer, as well as the difference between the surface topographies of CVD W and sputtered W-Ti (10%). A Galvanic Series developed for several couples was used to compare materials that exhibited a strong tendency to corrode, or were more anodic, to those which did not, or were more noble. Although the Galvanic Series revealed that the CVD W and sputtered W-Ti (10%) barrier metals were more noble than Al, polarization scans demonstrated that the Al and the W-Ti (10%) barrier layers exhibited passive behavior and were not as susceptible to corrosion because of the protection afforded by a protective oxide layer. In addition, the corrosion rate was enhanced by the increased cathodic surface area afforded by the CVD W, which acted as an efficient cathode. Immersion tests substantiated these results.
Darren A. Lytle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mineralogical Evidence of Galvanic Corrosion in Drinking Water Lead Pipe Joints
Environmental Science & Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Michael K. Desantis, Simoni Triantafyllidou, Michael R Schock, Darren A. LytleAbstract:Galvanic corrosion as a mechanism of toxic lead release into drinking water has been under scientific debate in the U.S. for over 30 years. Visual and mineralogical analysis of 28 lead pipe joints, excavated after 60+ years from eight U.S. water utilities, provided the first direct view of three distinct Galvanic corrosion patterns in practice: (1) no evidence of Galvanic corrosion; (2) Galvanic corrosion with lead cathode; (3) Galvanic corrosion with lead anode. Pattern 3 is consistent with empirical Galvanic Series (lead → brass → copper in order of increasing nobility) and poses the greatest risk of Pb exposure. Pattern 2 is consistent with Galvanic battery reversion. The identification of copper-sulfate minerals (Pattern 2), and lead-sulfate and lead-chloride minerals (Pattern 3) in Galvanic zones illustrated the migration of chloride and sulfate toward the anode. Geochemical modeling confirmed the required pH drop from the bulk water level to at least pH 3.0–4.0 (Pattern 2) and pH < 5.5 (Pattern 3) i...
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Mineralogical Evidence of Galvanic Corrosion in Drinking Water Lead Pipe Joints
2018Co-Authors: Michael K. Desantis, Simoni Triantafyllidou, Michael R Schock, Darren A. LytleAbstract:Galvanic corrosion as a mechanism of toxic lead release into drinking water has been under scientific debate in the U.S. for over 30 years. Visual and mineralogical analysis of 28 lead pipe joints, excavated after 60+ years from eight U.S. water utilities, provided the first direct view of three distinct Galvanic corrosion patterns in practice: (1) no evidence of Galvanic corrosion; (2) Galvanic corrosion with lead cathode; (3) Galvanic corrosion with lead anode. Pattern 3 is consistent with empirical Galvanic Series (lead → brass → copper in order of increasing nobility) and poses the greatest risk of Pb exposure. Pattern 2 is consistent with Galvanic battery reversion. The identification of copper-sulfate minerals (Pattern 2), and lead-sulfate and lead-chloride minerals (Pattern 3) in Galvanic zones illustrated the migration of chloride and sulfate toward the anode. Geochemical modeling confirmed the required pH drop from the bulk water level to at least pH 3.0–4.0 (Pattern 2) and pH < 5.5 (Pattern 3) in order to form these minerals. Despite joints being over 60 years old, Galvanic zones in Pattern 3 were active and possibly posed an important source of lead to drinking water. Importantly, Pattern 3 was not observed in samples from systems representing water qualities favoring PbO2 formation
Shehab Abdelrahman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new methodology for modelling erosion–corrosion regimes on real surfaces : Gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal-corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, Shehab Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Abstract Erosion–corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a “black art” due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion–corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping has been developed to model the erosion–corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion–corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion–corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper.
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a new methodology for modelling erosion corrosion regimes on real surfaces gliding down the Galvanic Series for a range of metal corrosion systems
Wear, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret Stack, Shehab Abdelrahman, B D JanaAbstract:Abstract Erosion–corrosion of materials in aqueous environments is a complex phenomenon involving a very large number of variables. In such cases, characteristics of the target, particle and the environment affect the degradation mechanism. Predicting material behaviour may sometimes be a “black art” due to the parameter size which is involved in such processes. In studies of erosion–corrosion, there have been significant advances in the modelling of such processes in recent years. Various methodologies employed include quasi-static modelling, using CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping. In such cases, the output of the various models can differ significantly. In this work, a methodology combining CFD modelling and erosion–corrosion mapping has been developed to model the erosion–corrosion behaviour of pure metals, which variously passivate and dissolve under a range of simulated conditions. This provides a means of mapping the component undergoing erosion–corrosion and thus is a step change on previous modelling work in this area as it enables superimposition of the erosion–corrosion map on real surfaces. The relative advantages and limitations of this approach are discussed in this paper.
