The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D A Bennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
review of superconducting transition edge sensors for x ray and gamma ray Spectroscopy
Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: J N Ullom, D A BennettAbstract:We present a review of emerging x-ray and Gamma-Ray spectrometers based on arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs). Special attention will be given to recent progress in TES applications and in understanding TES physics.
-
high resolution gamma ray Spectroscopy with a microwave multiplexed transition edge sensor array
Applied Physics Letters, 2013Co-Authors: D A Bennett, Omid Noroozian, J A B Mates, J A Brevik, J W Fowler, G C Hilton, R D Horansky, K D Irwin, Zhao KangAbstract:We demonstrate very high resolution photon Spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a 153Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/Hz at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and Gamma-Ray sensor arrays with more than 103 elements and spectral resolving powers R=λ/Δλ>103.
-
high resolution gamma ray Spectroscopy with a microwave multiplexed transition edge sensor array
arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors, 2013Co-Authors: D A Bennett, Omid Noroozian, J A B Mates, J A Brevik, J W Fowler, G C Hilton, R D Horansky, Jiansong Gao, K D IrwinAbstract:We demonstrate very high resolution photon Spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a $^{153}$Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices (SQUID) and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and Gamma-Ray sensor arrays with more than $10^3$ elements and spectral resolving powers $R=\lambda/\Delta\lambda > 10^3$.
J N Ullom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
review of superconducting transition edge sensors for x ray and gamma ray Spectroscopy
Superconductor Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: J N Ullom, D A BennettAbstract:We present a review of emerging x-ray and Gamma-Ray spectrometers based on arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs). Special attention will be given to recent progress in TES applications and in understanding TES physics.
Omid Noroozian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
high resolution gamma ray Spectroscopy with a microwave multiplexed transition edge sensor array
Applied Physics Letters, 2013Co-Authors: D A Bennett, Omid Noroozian, J A B Mates, J A Brevik, J W Fowler, G C Hilton, R D Horansky, K D Irwin, Zhao KangAbstract:We demonstrate very high resolution photon Spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a 153Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/Hz at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and Gamma-Ray sensor arrays with more than 103 elements and spectral resolving powers R=λ/Δλ>103.
-
high resolution gamma ray Spectroscopy with a microwave multiplexed transition edge sensor array
arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors, 2013Co-Authors: D A Bennett, Omid Noroozian, J A B Mates, J A Brevik, J W Fowler, G C Hilton, R D Horansky, Jiansong Gao, K D IrwinAbstract:We demonstrate very high resolution photon Spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a $^{153}$Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices (SQUID) and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and Gamma-Ray sensor arrays with more than $10^3$ elements and spectral resolving powers $R=\lambda/\Delta\lambda > 10^3$.
J Verburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a full scale clinical prototype for proton range verification using prompt gamma ray Spectroscopy
Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2018Co-Authors: F Huesogonzalez, Thomas Bortfeld, Moritz Rabe, Thomas A Ruggieri, J VerburgAbstract:We present a full-scale clinical prototype system for in vivo range verification of proton pencil-beams using the prompt Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy method. The detection system consists of eight LaBr3 scintillators and a tungsten collimator, mounted on a rotating frame. Custom electronics and calibration algorithms have been developed for the measurement of energy- and time-resolved Gamma-Ray spectra during proton irradiation at a clinical dose rate. Using experimentally determined nuclear reaction cross sections and a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation, a detailed model of the expected Gamma-Ray emissions is created for each individual pencil-beam. The absolute range of the proton pencil-beams is determined by minimizing the discrepancy between the measurement and this model, leaving the absolute range of the beam and the elemental concentrations of the irradiated matter as free parameters. The system was characterized in a clinical-like situation by irradiating different phantoms with a scanning pencil-beam. A dose of 0.9 Gy was delivered to a [Formula: see text] cm3 target with a beam current of 2 nA incident on the phantom. Different range shifters and materials were used to test the robustness of the verification method and to calculate the accuracy of the detected range. The absolute proton range was determined for each spot of the distal energy layer with a mean statistical precision of 1.1 mm at a 95% confidence level and a mean systematic deviation of 0.5 mm, when aggregating pencil-beam spots within a cylindrical region of 10 mm radius and 10 mm depth. Small range errors that we introduced were successfully detected and even large differences in the elemental composition do not affect the range verification accuracy. These results show that our system is suitable for range verification during patient treatments in our upcoming clinical study.
-
a full scale clinical prototype for proton range verification using prompt gamma ray Spectroscopy
arXiv: Medical Physics, 2018Co-Authors: F Huesogonzalez, Thomas Bortfeld, Moritz Rabe, Thomas A Ruggieri, J VerburgAbstract:We present a full-scale clinical prototype system for in vivo range verification of proton pencil-beams using the prompt Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy method. The detection system consists of eight LaBr3 scintillators and a tungsten collimator, mounted on a rotating frame. Custom electronics and calibration algorithms have been developed for the measurement of energy- and time-resolved Gamma-Ray spectra during proton irradiation at a clinical dose rate. Using experimentally determined nuclear reaction cross sections and a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation, a detailed model of the expected Gamma-Ray emissions is created for each individual pencil-beam. The absolute range of the proton pencil-beams is determined by minimizing the discrepancy between the measurement and this model, leaving the absolute range of the beam and the elemental concentrations of the irradiated matter as free parameters. The system was characterized in a clinical-like situation by irradiating different phantoms with a scanning pencil-beam. A dose of 0.9 Gy was delivered to a 5x10x10 cm^3 target with a beam current of 2 nA incident on the phantom. Different range shifters and materials were used to test the robustness of the verification method and to calculate the accuracy of the detected range. The absolute proton range was determined for each spot of the distal energy layer with a mean statistical precision of 1.1 mm at a 95% confidence level and a mean systematic deviation of 0.5 mm, when aggregating pencil-beam spots within a cylindrical region of 10 mm radius and 10 mm depth. Small range errors that we introduced were successfully detected and even large differences in the elemental composition do not affect the range verification accuracy. These results show that our system is suitable for range verification during patient treatments in our upcoming clinical study.
-
tu fg brb 06 a prompt gamma ray Spectroscopy system for clinical studies of in vivo proton range verification
Medical Physics, 2016Co-Authors: J Verburg, Thomas BortfeldAbstract:Purpose: We present a new system to perform prompt Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy during proton pencil-beam scanning treatments, which enables in vivo verification of the proton range. This system will be used for the first clinical studies of this technology. Methods: After successful pre-clinical testing of prompt Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, a full scale system for clinical studies is now being assembled. Prompt Gamma-Rays will be detected during patient treatment using an array of 8 detector modules arranged behind a tungsten collimator. Each detector module consists of a lanthanum(III) bromide scintillator, a photomultiplier tube, and custom electronics for stable high voltage supply and signal amplification. A new real-time data acquisition and control system samples the signals from the detectors with analog-to-digital converters, analyses events of interest, and communicates with the beam delivery systems. The timing of the detected events was synchronized to the cyclotron radiofrequency and the pencil-beam delivery. Range verification is performed by matching measured energy- and timeresolved Gamma-Ray spectra to nuclear reaction models based on the clinical treatment plan. Experiments in phantoms were performed using clinical beams in order to assess the performance of the systems. Results: The experiments showed reliable real-time analysis of more than 10 million detector events per second. The individual detector modules acquired accurate energy- and time-resolved Gamma-Ray measurements at a rate of 1 million events per second, which is typical for beams delivered with a clinical dose rate. The data acquisition system successfully tracked the delivery of the scanned pencil-beams to determine the location of range deviations within the treatment field. Conclusion: A clinical system for proton range verification using prompt Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy has been designed and is being prepared for use during patient treatments. We anticipate to start a first clinical study in the near future. This work was supported by the Federal Share of program income earned by Massachusetts; General Hospital on C06-CA059267, Proton Therapy Research and Treatment Center.
Zhao Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
high resolution gamma ray Spectroscopy with a microwave multiplexed transition edge sensor array
Applied Physics Letters, 2013Co-Authors: D A Bennett, Omid Noroozian, J A B Mates, J A Brevik, J W Fowler, G C Hilton, R D Horansky, K D Irwin, Zhao KangAbstract:We demonstrate very high resolution photon Spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a 153Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/Hz at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and Gamma-Ray sensor arrays with more than 103 elements and spectral resolving powers R=λ/Δλ>103.
