The Experts below are selected from a list of 2085 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew V Papachristos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deterring Gang involved gun violence measuring the impact of boston s operation ceasefire on street Gang Behavior
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew V Papachristos, Anthony A Braga, David M HureauAbstract:The relatively weak quasi-experimental evaluation design of the original Boston Operation Ceasefire left some uncertainty about the size of the program’s effect on Boston Gang violence in the 1990s and did not provide any direct evidence that Boston Gangs subjected to the Ceasefire intervention actually changed their offending Behaviors. Given the policy influence of the Boston Ceasefire experience, a closer examination of the intervention’s direct effects on street Gang violence is needed. A more rigorous quasi-experimental evaluation of a reconstituted Boston Ceasefire program used propensity score matching techniques to develop matched treatment Gangs and comparison Gangs. Growth-curve regression models were then used to estimate the impact of Ceasefire on gun violence trends for the treatment Gangs relative to comparisons Gangs. This quasi-experimental evaluation revealed that total shootings involving Boston Gangs subjected to the Operation Ceasefire treatment were reduced by a statistically-significant 31 % when compared to total shootings involving matched comparison Boston Gangs. Supplementary analyses found that the timing of gun violence reductions for treatment Gangs followed the application of the Ceasefire treatment. This evaluation provides some much needed evidence on street Gang Behavioral change that was lacking in the original Ceasefire evaluation. A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that jurisdictions should adopt focused deterrence strategies to control street Gang violence problems.
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neighborhood effects on street Gang Behavior
2005Co-Authors: Andrew V Papachristos, David KirkAbstract:Social disorganization theories and systemic reformulations provide some of the most compelling and enduring explanations for the development, persistence, and geographic distribution of Gang Behaviors. Since Thrasher’s (1927) seminal study, generations of researchers have conceived of Gangs and Gang Behaviors as the product of social dislocations associated with urban life, including poverty, social immobility, ethnic conflict, and economic isolation. The systemic model of Gang Behavior offered by Bursik (2002; Bursik and Grasmick 1993) extends these theories by focusing on the regulatory capacities found in the social networks of neighborhood residents—that is, neighborhood social disorganization disrupts resident networks that would otherwise provide the capacity for the social control of street Gang Behaviors. Unfortunately, as applied to Gangs, these theories remain to be empirically tested—less because of theoretical rigor than because of the lack of appropriate data. Despite of the strong theoretical tendency to attribute Gang Behaviors to neighborhood characteristics and processes, few studies have systematically measured or tested such claims. The present study seeks to rectify this shortcoming by combining neighborhood-level survey data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods with detailed homicide records to test some of the central hypotheses concerning the influence of neighborhood-level processes on Gang Behaviors, in this case homicide. By integrating theoretical advancements made in the neighborhood effects literature with research on street Gang Behavior, this study focuses on how neighborhood-level processes
Anthony A Braga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deterring Gang involved gun violence measuring the impact of boston s operation ceasefire on street Gang Behavior
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2014Co-Authors: Andrew V Papachristos, Anthony A Braga, David M HureauAbstract:The relatively weak quasi-experimental evaluation design of the original Boston Operation Ceasefire left some uncertainty about the size of the program’s effect on Boston Gang violence in the 1990s and did not provide any direct evidence that Boston Gangs subjected to the Ceasefire intervention actually changed their offending Behaviors. Given the policy influence of the Boston Ceasefire experience, a closer examination of the intervention’s direct effects on street Gang violence is needed. A more rigorous quasi-experimental evaluation of a reconstituted Boston Ceasefire program used propensity score matching techniques to develop matched treatment Gangs and comparison Gangs. Growth-curve regression models were then used to estimate the impact of Ceasefire on gun violence trends for the treatment Gangs relative to comparisons Gangs. This quasi-experimental evaluation revealed that total shootings involving Boston Gangs subjected to the Operation Ceasefire treatment were reduced by a statistically-significant 31 % when compared to total shootings involving matched comparison Boston Gangs. Supplementary analyses found that the timing of gun violence reductions for treatment Gangs followed the application of the Ceasefire treatment. This evaluation provides some much needed evidence on street Gang Behavioral change that was lacking in the original Ceasefire evaluation. A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that jurisdictions should adopt focused deterrence strategies to control street Gang violence problems.
Carolyn P Parks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gang Behavior in the schools reality or myth
Educational Psychology Review, 1995Co-Authors: Carolyn P ParksAbstract:The purpose of this review is to explore the nature of Gang Behavior in U.S. schools, with a particular focus on the extent to which such Behavior affects or exacerbates the larger issue of school violence. An unanticipated finding was the absence of strong empirical support for school Gang violence. The evidence does show youth Gangs have changed dramatically over the last several decades and have become more violent, largely due to drugs and weapons-carrying. One major impact of this violence on schools has been the dissolving of the school as the “neutral zone,” where Gang activity ceased. Thus, it appears that the similar “turf” issues of the street Gangs have infiltrated the schools. The review explores problems related to school Gang violence definitions and literature, trends in school-related Gang activity, reasons for Gang membership, at-risk youth, and proposed strategies for ameliorating the problem.
Granados Muñoz Rolando - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Criminología de la personalidad antisocial: Asociación entre la conducta pandilleril y la conducta disocial en adolescentes
2020Co-Authors: Granados Muñoz RolandoAbstract:The Gang is linked to public health problems and is associated with different types of Behavior. According to Gang theory, there are multiple factors that influence its development. This investigation with the purpose of identifying the association between Gang Behavior and dissocial Behavior, a survey was applied to 152 adolescents, 9% indicating being Gang members in an age range of 13 to 18 years, operationalization is made through the Gang Behavior Scale and the Dissocial Behavior Scale (ECODI27). Statistical comparative analyzes were made using the student's t-test, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Among the results, the two types of Behavior refer to men, those who claim to be part of a Gang, those who have tattoos and those who practice graffiti; a correlation of r=.754 was obtained between Gang Behavior and dissocial Behavior, the predictors of Gang Behavior are graffiti, lawsuits and weapons and school dropout. These represent important findings to raise awareness of the study needs of Gang members and their effective intervention.El pandillerismo se vincula a problemas de salud pública y se encuentra asociado a distintos tipos de conducta. Según la teoría sobre pandillerismo existen múltiples factores que influyen en su desarrollo. En esta investigación con el propósito de identificar la asociación entre la conducta pandilleril y la conducta disocial, se aplicó una encuesta a 152 adolescentes, el 9% indicando ser pandilleros en un rango de edad de los 13 a los 18 años, la operacionalización se hizo a través de la Escala de Conducta Pandilleril y la Escala de Conducta Disocial (ECODI27). Se hicieron análisis estadísticos de comparación por medio de la prueba t de student, coeficiente de correlación producto-momento de Pearson y la regresión lineal múltiple. Dentro de los resultados refieren mayor tendencia en los dos tipos de conducta los hombres, los que manifiestan formar parte de una pandilla, los que tienen tatuajes y los que practican grafiti; se obtuvo una correlación de r=.754 entre la conducta pandilleril y la conducta disocial, los predictores de la conducta pandilleril son el grafiti, los pleitos y las armas y el abandono escolar. Estos representan hallazgos importantes para crear conciencia de las necesidades de estudio del pandillerismo y su eficaz intervención
David Kirk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neighborhood effects on street Gang Behavior
2005Co-Authors: Andrew V Papachristos, David KirkAbstract:Social disorganization theories and systemic reformulations provide some of the most compelling and enduring explanations for the development, persistence, and geographic distribution of Gang Behaviors. Since Thrasher’s (1927) seminal study, generations of researchers have conceived of Gangs and Gang Behaviors as the product of social dislocations associated with urban life, including poverty, social immobility, ethnic conflict, and economic isolation. The systemic model of Gang Behavior offered by Bursik (2002; Bursik and Grasmick 1993) extends these theories by focusing on the regulatory capacities found in the social networks of neighborhood residents—that is, neighborhood social disorganization disrupts resident networks that would otherwise provide the capacity for the social control of street Gang Behaviors. Unfortunately, as applied to Gangs, these theories remain to be empirically tested—less because of theoretical rigor than because of the lack of appropriate data. Despite of the strong theoretical tendency to attribute Gang Behaviors to neighborhood characteristics and processes, few studies have systematically measured or tested such claims. The present study seeks to rectify this shortcoming by combining neighborhood-level survey data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods with detailed homicide records to test some of the central hypotheses concerning the influence of neighborhood-level processes on Gang Behaviors, in this case homicide. By integrating theoretical advancements made in the neighborhood effects literature with research on street Gang Behavior, this study focuses on how neighborhood-level processes
