The Experts below are selected from a list of 6174 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Costantino Balestra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of protection level respiratory safety and practical aspects of commercially available snorkel Masks as personal protection devices against aerosolized contaminants and sars cov2
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Peter Germonpre, Dirk Van Rompaey, Costantino BalestraAbstract:Introduction: The "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2″ (SARS-CoV2) pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of personal protection devices (PPD) for medical and paramedical personnel. Adaptation of commercially available snorkel Masks to serve as full face Masks has been proposed. Even not formally approved as PPD, they are publicized on social media as suitable for this use. Concerns about actual protection levels and risk of carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation while wearing them for extended periods made us perform a systematic testing of various brands, in order to verify whether they are as safe and effective as claimed. Methods: A 'fit' test was performed, analogous to Gas Mask testing. Respiratory safety was evaluated by measuring end-tidal CO2 and oxygen saturation while wearing the Masks in rest and during physical exercise. Masks were tested with 3D adaptors to mount regular bacterial-viral ventilator filters when available, or with snorkel openings covered with N95/FFP2 cloth. Results: Modified Masks performed reasonably well on the fit test, comparable to regular N95/FFP2 Masks. Not all ventilator filters are equally protective. For all Masks, a small initial increase in end-tidal CO2 was noted, remaining within physiological limits. 3D printed adaptors are safer, have more flexibility and reliability than makeshift adaptations. Conclusions: These Masks can offer benefit as a substitute for complete protective gear as they are easier to don and remove and offer full-face protection. They may be more comfortable to wear for extended periods. Proper selection of Mask size, fit testing, quality of 3D printed parts, and choice of filter are important.
Hideki Toda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Precise Mechanisms of a High-Speed Ultrasound Gas Sensor and Detecting Human-Specific Lung Gas Exchange
International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2012Co-Authors: Hideki TodaAbstract:In this paper, we propose and develop a new real-time human respiration process analysis method using a high-time-sampling Gas concentration sensor based on ultrasound. A unique point about our proposed Gas concentration sensor is its 1 kHz Gas concentration sampling speed. This figure could not have been attained by previously proposed Gas concentration measurement methods such as InfraRed, semiconductor Gas sensors, or GC-MS, because the Gas analysis speeds were a maximum of a few hundred milliseconds. First, we describe the proposed new ultrasound sound speed measurement method and the signal processing, and present the measurement circuit diagram. Next, we analyse the human respiration Gas variation patterns of five healthy subjects using a newly developed Gas-Mask- type respiration sensor. This reveals that the rapid Gas exchange from H2O to CO2 contains air specific to the human being. In addition, we also measured medical symptoms in subjects suffering from asthma, hyperventilation and bronchial asthma. The millisecond level high-speed analysis of the human respiration process will be useful for the next generation of healthcare, rehabilitation and sports science technology.
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Gas concentration pattern analysis of the H 2 O-CO 2 vibration by high-speed ultrasound Gas sensor for detecting human specific lung Gas exchange
2012 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering (CME), 2012Co-Authors: Hideki TodaAbstract:In this paper, we developed new real time human respiration analysis method with our proposed high time sampling Gas concentration meter using ultrasound. Our proposed Gas concentration sensor use 400 kHz ultrasound and realize 1 kHz Gas concentration sampling speed for ppm level Gas changes. This device reveals human specific about 50–200 millisecond H 2 O-CO 2 Gas concentration exchange and this result could not analyze by previously proposed Gas concentration measurement methods such as InfraRed, semiconductor Gas sensor, GC-MS. We found the rapid Gas exchange from H 2 O to CO 2 contained air was seen specific in human being and we revealed the reason from the anatomical analysis and the Gas ventilation test. Firstly we described the proposed new ultrasound sound speed measurement method, the signal processing and the measurement circuit diagram. Next we analyzed human respiration Gas variation patterns by developing Gas Mask type respiration sensor with 3 healthy subjects and medical symptoms such as asthma, hyperventilation, and bronchial asthma subjects. The millisecond level high-speed analysis of human respiration process will be useful for next generation healthcare, rehabilitation and sports science.
Bernard V. Gerber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Some Candidate Replacement Materials for Dioctyl Phthalate in “Hot Smoke” Aerosol Penetrometer Machines
Aerosol Science and Technology, 1991Co-Authors: Hugh R. Carlon, Mark A. Guelta, Bernard V. GerberAbstract:For many decades dioctyl phthalate (DOP), a common industrial material, has been used by the U.S. Army and other agencies to simulate aerosol behavior in nondestructive Gas Mask and filter serviceability testing, and for related test purposes. Techniques are completely standardized. But DOP is now considered to be a potentially hazardous material. The research reported here, which was performed using ATI Q-127 and TDA-100 “hot smoke” aerosol penetrometer test machines, identified relatively innocuous, inexpensive replacement materials for DOP. One of these, a synthetic hydrocarbon (poly-alpha olefin [PAO]), can be used to replace DOP directly with minimum impact upon existing hardware and procedures. Of more than two dozen candidate replacement materials that were tested, isostearic acid and oleic acid also performed well as DOP replacements. All three materials also show promise for cold smoke testing applications
Peter Germonpre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of protection level respiratory safety and practical aspects of commercially available snorkel Masks as personal protection devices against aerosolized contaminants and sars cov2
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Peter Germonpre, Dirk Van Rompaey, Costantino BalestraAbstract:Introduction: The "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2″ (SARS-CoV2) pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of personal protection devices (PPD) for medical and paramedical personnel. Adaptation of commercially available snorkel Masks to serve as full face Masks has been proposed. Even not formally approved as PPD, they are publicized on social media as suitable for this use. Concerns about actual protection levels and risk of carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation while wearing them for extended periods made us perform a systematic testing of various brands, in order to verify whether they are as safe and effective as claimed. Methods: A 'fit' test was performed, analogous to Gas Mask testing. Respiratory safety was evaluated by measuring end-tidal CO2 and oxygen saturation while wearing the Masks in rest and during physical exercise. Masks were tested with 3D adaptors to mount regular bacterial-viral ventilator filters when available, or with snorkel openings covered with N95/FFP2 cloth. Results: Modified Masks performed reasonably well on the fit test, comparable to regular N95/FFP2 Masks. Not all ventilator filters are equally protective. For all Masks, a small initial increase in end-tidal CO2 was noted, remaining within physiological limits. 3D printed adaptors are safer, have more flexibility and reliability than makeshift adaptations. Conclusions: These Masks can offer benefit as a substitute for complete protective gear as they are easier to don and remove and offer full-face protection. They may be more comfortable to wear for extended periods. Proper selection of Mask size, fit testing, quality of 3D printed parts, and choice of filter are important.
Yoshimi Matsumura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cyclohexane as an alternative vapor of carbon tetrachloride for the assessment of Gas removing capacities of Gas Masks.
Industrial health, 2001Co-Authors: Mitsuya Furuse, Seiichiro Kanno, Tsuguo Takano, Yoshimi MatsumuraAbstract:An alternative vapor was explored to replace carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) for testing breakthrough times of cartridges and canisters of Gas Masks in the National Approval Test of Respirators. Cyclohexane was single out as a candidate for the alternative vapor out of six vapors: trichloroethylene, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, toluene and cyclohexane from the viewpoints of similarity of vapor pressure and water-solubility to CCl 4, lower toxicity than CCl4, and technical feasibility in generating an airflow of 30 L/min containing the vapor ranging from 300 to 5000 ppm. Breakthrough times of cartridges and canisters were examined by generating cyclohexane vapor in a test airflow of 30 L/min in comparison with CCl4 vapor under various test conditions with different vapor concentrations and relative humidities (RH). As the results, the breakthrough times of the cartridges and canisters for cyclohexane were found to almost coincide with those for CCl 4 under all examined range of concentrations and RH. By an increase of humidity from 50%RH to 80%RH, the cartridges showed significant shortening of breakthrough times for both of CCl 4 and cyclohexane, but the susceptibility of the breakthrough time of cyclohexane to humidity was also similar to that of CCl 4. It was, therefore, concluded that cyclohexane can be recommended as the alternative vapor of CCl 4 for testing the breakthrough times of Gas Mask cartridges and canisters in the National Approval Test.
