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Stan A Kuczaj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans by belugas delphinapterus leucas bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus pacific white sided dolphins lagenorhynchus obliquidens a replication and extension
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Heather M Hill, David B. Yeater, Sarah Gallup, Sara Guarino, Steve Lacy, Tricia Dees, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Author(s): Hill, Heather M.; Yeater, Deirdre; Gallup, Sarah; Guarino, Sara; Lacy, Steve; Dees, Tricia; Kuczaj, Stan | Abstract: Previous research has documented that cetaceans can discriminate between humans, but the process used to categorize humans still remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work on the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar humans by three species of cetaceans. The current study manipulated the familiarity and activity level of humans presented to 12 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) housed between two facilities, five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and six Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) during free-swim conditions. Two measures of discrimination were coded from video recordings of each trial: lateralized visual processing and Gaze Duration. No clear lateralization effects emerged at the species level, primarily due to extensive individual variability. The results also indicated that activity level influenced Gaze Durations across species, and for some individuals, the interaction between human familiarity and activity level influenced Gaze Durations and eye preferences. Unexpectedly, bottlenose dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for familiar humans whereas belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar humans. All three groups displayed longer Gaze Durations for active humans as compared to neutral humans, and belugas and bottlenose dolphins had significantly longer Gaze Durations than Pacific white-sided dolphins. These results indicate that the cetaceans can discriminate between unfamiliar and familiar humans and preferred active humans. However, discrimination of humans via lateralized visual processing did not appear at the group level, but rather at the individual level which countered previous research. This study is discussed within the contexts of attention and individual differences across animals of different species.
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Visual laterality in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) when viewing familiar and unfamiliar humans
Animal Cognition, 2014Co-Authors: David B. Yeater, Natalie Baus, Heather Farnell, Heather M Hill, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Lateralization of cognitive processes and motor functions has been demonstrated in a number of species, including humans, elephants, and cetaceans. For example, bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) have exhibited preferential eye use during a variety of cognitive tasks. The present study investigated the possibility of visual lateralization in 12 belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) and six Pacific white-sided dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ) located at two separate marine mammal facilities. During free swim periods, the belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins were presented a familiar human, an unfamiliar human, or no human during 10–15 min sessions. Session videos were coded for Gaze Duration, eye presentation at approach, and eye preference while viewing each stimulus. Although we did not find any clear group level lateralization, we found individual left eye lateralized preferences related to social stimuli for most belugas and some Pacific white-sided dolphins. Differences in Gaze Durations were also observed. The majority of individual belugas had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar rather than familiar stimuli. These results suggest that lateralization occurs during visual processing of human stimuli in belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins and that these species can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar humans.
Heather M Hill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans by belugas delphinapterus leucas bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus pacific white sided dolphins lagenorhynchus obliquidens a replication and extension
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Heather M Hill, David B. Yeater, Sarah Gallup, Sara Guarino, Steve Lacy, Tricia Dees, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Author(s): Hill, Heather M.; Yeater, Deirdre; Gallup, Sarah; Guarino, Sara; Lacy, Steve; Dees, Tricia; Kuczaj, Stan | Abstract: Previous research has documented that cetaceans can discriminate between humans, but the process used to categorize humans still remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work on the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar humans by three species of cetaceans. The current study manipulated the familiarity and activity level of humans presented to 12 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) housed between two facilities, five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and six Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) during free-swim conditions. Two measures of discrimination were coded from video recordings of each trial: lateralized visual processing and Gaze Duration. No clear lateralization effects emerged at the species level, primarily due to extensive individual variability. The results also indicated that activity level influenced Gaze Durations across species, and for some individuals, the interaction between human familiarity and activity level influenced Gaze Durations and eye preferences. Unexpectedly, bottlenose dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for familiar humans whereas belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar humans. All three groups displayed longer Gaze Durations for active humans as compared to neutral humans, and belugas and bottlenose dolphins had significantly longer Gaze Durations than Pacific white-sided dolphins. These results indicate that the cetaceans can discriminate between unfamiliar and familiar humans and preferred active humans. However, discrimination of humans via lateralized visual processing did not appear at the group level, but rather at the individual level which countered previous research. This study is discussed within the contexts of attention and individual differences across animals of different species.
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Visual laterality in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) when viewing familiar and unfamiliar humans
Animal Cognition, 2014Co-Authors: David B. Yeater, Natalie Baus, Heather Farnell, Heather M Hill, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Lateralization of cognitive processes and motor functions has been demonstrated in a number of species, including humans, elephants, and cetaceans. For example, bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) have exhibited preferential eye use during a variety of cognitive tasks. The present study investigated the possibility of visual lateralization in 12 belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) and six Pacific white-sided dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ) located at two separate marine mammal facilities. During free swim periods, the belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins were presented a familiar human, an unfamiliar human, or no human during 10–15 min sessions. Session videos were coded for Gaze Duration, eye presentation at approach, and eye preference while viewing each stimulus. Although we did not find any clear group level lateralization, we found individual left eye lateralized preferences related to social stimuli for most belugas and some Pacific white-sided dolphins. Differences in Gaze Durations were also observed. The majority of individual belugas had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar rather than familiar stimuli. These results suggest that lateralization occurs during visual processing of human stimuli in belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins and that these species can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar humans.
David B. Yeater - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans by belugas delphinapterus leucas bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus pacific white sided dolphins lagenorhynchus obliquidens a replication and extension
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Heather M Hill, David B. Yeater, Sarah Gallup, Sara Guarino, Steve Lacy, Tricia Dees, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Author(s): Hill, Heather M.; Yeater, Deirdre; Gallup, Sarah; Guarino, Sara; Lacy, Steve; Dees, Tricia; Kuczaj, Stan | Abstract: Previous research has documented that cetaceans can discriminate between humans, but the process used to categorize humans still remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work on the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar humans by three species of cetaceans. The current study manipulated the familiarity and activity level of humans presented to 12 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) housed between two facilities, five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and six Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) during free-swim conditions. Two measures of discrimination were coded from video recordings of each trial: lateralized visual processing and Gaze Duration. No clear lateralization effects emerged at the species level, primarily due to extensive individual variability. The results also indicated that activity level influenced Gaze Durations across species, and for some individuals, the interaction between human familiarity and activity level influenced Gaze Durations and eye preferences. Unexpectedly, bottlenose dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for familiar humans whereas belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar humans. All three groups displayed longer Gaze Durations for active humans as compared to neutral humans, and belugas and bottlenose dolphins had significantly longer Gaze Durations than Pacific white-sided dolphins. These results indicate that the cetaceans can discriminate between unfamiliar and familiar humans and preferred active humans. However, discrimination of humans via lateralized visual processing did not appear at the group level, but rather at the individual level which countered previous research. This study is discussed within the contexts of attention and individual differences across animals of different species.
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Visual laterality in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) when viewing familiar and unfamiliar humans
Animal Cognition, 2014Co-Authors: David B. Yeater, Natalie Baus, Heather Farnell, Heather M Hill, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Lateralization of cognitive processes and motor functions has been demonstrated in a number of species, including humans, elephants, and cetaceans. For example, bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) have exhibited preferential eye use during a variety of cognitive tasks. The present study investigated the possibility of visual lateralization in 12 belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) and six Pacific white-sided dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ) located at two separate marine mammal facilities. During free swim periods, the belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins were presented a familiar human, an unfamiliar human, or no human during 10–15 min sessions. Session videos were coded for Gaze Duration, eye presentation at approach, and eye preference while viewing each stimulus. Although we did not find any clear group level lateralization, we found individual left eye lateralized preferences related to social stimuli for most belugas and some Pacific white-sided dolphins. Differences in Gaze Durations were also observed. The majority of individual belugas had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar rather than familiar stimuli. These results suggest that lateralization occurs during visual processing of human stimuli in belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins and that these species can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar humans.
Tricia Dees - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans by belugas delphinapterus leucas bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus pacific white sided dolphins lagenorhynchus obliquidens a replication and extension
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Heather M Hill, David B. Yeater, Sarah Gallup, Sara Guarino, Steve Lacy, Tricia Dees, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Author(s): Hill, Heather M.; Yeater, Deirdre; Gallup, Sarah; Guarino, Sara; Lacy, Steve; Dees, Tricia; Kuczaj, Stan | Abstract: Previous research has documented that cetaceans can discriminate between humans, but the process used to categorize humans still remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work on the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar humans by three species of cetaceans. The current study manipulated the familiarity and activity level of humans presented to 12 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) housed between two facilities, five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and six Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) during free-swim conditions. Two measures of discrimination were coded from video recordings of each trial: lateralized visual processing and Gaze Duration. No clear lateralization effects emerged at the species level, primarily due to extensive individual variability. The results also indicated that activity level influenced Gaze Durations across species, and for some individuals, the interaction between human familiarity and activity level influenced Gaze Durations and eye preferences. Unexpectedly, bottlenose dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for familiar humans whereas belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar humans. All three groups displayed longer Gaze Durations for active humans as compared to neutral humans, and belugas and bottlenose dolphins had significantly longer Gaze Durations than Pacific white-sided dolphins. These results indicate that the cetaceans can discriminate between unfamiliar and familiar humans and preferred active humans. However, discrimination of humans via lateralized visual processing did not appear at the group level, but rather at the individual level which countered previous research. This study is discussed within the contexts of attention and individual differences across animals of different species.
Sarah Gallup - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans by belugas delphinapterus leucas bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus pacific white sided dolphins lagenorhynchus obliquidens a replication and extension
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Heather M Hill, David B. Yeater, Sarah Gallup, Sara Guarino, Steve Lacy, Tricia Dees, Stan A KuczajAbstract:Author(s): Hill, Heather M.; Yeater, Deirdre; Gallup, Sarah; Guarino, Sara; Lacy, Steve; Dees, Tricia; Kuczaj, Stan | Abstract: Previous research has documented that cetaceans can discriminate between humans, but the process used to categorize humans still remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work on the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar humans by three species of cetaceans. The current study manipulated the familiarity and activity level of humans presented to 12 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) housed between two facilities, five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and six Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) during free-swim conditions. Two measures of discrimination were coded from video recordings of each trial: lateralized visual processing and Gaze Duration. No clear lateralization effects emerged at the species level, primarily due to extensive individual variability. The results also indicated that activity level influenced Gaze Durations across species, and for some individuals, the interaction between human familiarity and activity level influenced Gaze Durations and eye preferences. Unexpectedly, bottlenose dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for familiar humans whereas belugas and Pacific white-sided dolphins had longer Gaze Durations for unfamiliar humans. All three groups displayed longer Gaze Durations for active humans as compared to neutral humans, and belugas and bottlenose dolphins had significantly longer Gaze Durations than Pacific white-sided dolphins. These results indicate that the cetaceans can discriminate between unfamiliar and familiar humans and preferred active humans. However, discrimination of humans via lateralized visual processing did not appear at the group level, but rather at the individual level which countered previous research. This study is discussed within the contexts of attention and individual differences across animals of different species.
