The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Patricia Ocampo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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community level effects of Gender Inequality on intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in colombia testing the feminist perspective
Social Science & Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Christina C Pallitto, Patricia OcampoAbstract:Violence against women, especially by intimate partners, is a serious public health problem that is associated with physical, reproductive, and mental health consequences. The effect of intimate partner violence on women's ability to control their fertility and the mechanisms through which these phenomena are related merit further investigation. Building on findings from a previous analysis in which a statistically significant relationship between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia was found, this analysis examines the effect of Gender Inequality on this association using data from the 2000 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey. Specifically, the objective of this analysis is to explore whether Gender Inequality (as measured by women's autonomy, women's status, male patriarchal control, and intimate partner violence) in municipalities partially explains the association between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia. Results of logistic regression analysis with multi-level data show that living in a municipality with high rates of male patriarchal control significantly increased women's odds of having an unintended pregnancy by almost four times. Also, living in a municipality with high rates of intimate partner violence increased one's odds of unintended pregnancy by more than 2.5 times, and non-abused women living in municipalities with high rates of intimate partner violence were at a significantly increased risk of unintended pregnancy. In addition, abused women living in a municipality with high personal female decision-making autonomy had more than a fourfold increased risk of having an unintended pregnancy. These findings demonstrate the need for reproductive health programs to target areas at particularly high risk for unintended pregnancy by reducing intimate partner violence and Gender Inequality.
Paula England - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gender Inequality in earnings in industrialized east asia
Social Science Research, 2011Co-Authors: Chinfen Chang, Paula EnglandAbstract:Abstract Using data from the 2006 Family Module of the East Asian Social Survey, we use regression-based methods to decompose the sex gap in hourly wages in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. We find that Taiwan has the smallest sex gap in wages, and is also distinctive in that employed women have more education than men, on average. Japan is distinctive in the high proportion of women consigned to non-regular (temporary, often part-time) jobs, and this factor explains much more of the gap in Japan than elsewhere. Korea is distinctive in having an extremely high proportion of men who are college graduates; therefore, in Korea Gender differences in education and occupational placement explain more of the gap than elsewhere. Despite many historical similarities between these societies, our analysis points out the heterogeneity within industrialized East Asia when it comes to Gender Inequality.
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is Gender Inequality greater at lower or higher educational levels common patterns in the netherlands sweden and the united states
2009Co-Authors: Marie Evertsson, Paula England, Irma Mooireci, Joan M Hermsen, Jeanne De Bruijn, David A CotterAbstract:We compare how Gender Inequality varies by educational level in the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States, representing three different welfare regimes: the conservative, the social democratic, and the liberal. With few exceptions, Gender Inequality in labor force participation, work hours, occupational segregation, and housework are less severe as education goes up in all three countries, with the root cause being the high employment levels of well-educated women. Despite a common pattern across nations, we note that the educational gradient on Gender equality in employment is weaker in Sweden. De-familialization policies in Sweden no doubt increase Gender equality at the bottom by pulling less-educated women into the work force. One form of Gender equality, wages, however, does not increase with education. In the United States, educational differences in the Gender gap in wages are trivial; in Sweden and the Netherlands, the Gender wage gap is greatest for the highly educated because of higher returns to education for men than women in these nations.
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Gender Inequality in labor markets the role of motherhood and segregation
Social Politics, 2005Co-Authors: Paula EnglandAbstract:This article provides an overview of Gender Inequality in labor markets in the United States. I show trends in labor force participation, occupational segregation, and the pay gap. Though my main focus is the United States, I note where similar findings exist for other affluent nations. I explain what we know from past research about the causes of Inequality and note the gaps in our knowledge. In broad brush strokes, the sex gap in pay in the United States has two major sources: the segregation of jobs and the effects of women's responsibility for childrearing. My major thesis is that at least in the United States, these two are largely unrelated. That is, the causes of segregation do not seem to be largely about women's mothering responsibilities, and the penalties for motherhood do not appear to flow largely through segregation. This thesis is at odds with much thinking among economists, who have seen segregation as a rational response by employers and employees to Gender differences in intermittence of employment. In this economic view, women choose more "mother-friendly" jobs, which maximize their earnings conditional on intermittent and flexible employment but tradeoff on-the-job training, higher earnings, and steeper wage trajectories to do so.
Jennifer L Hook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gender Inequality in the welfare state sex segregation in housework 1965 2003
American Journal of Sociology, 2010Co-Authors: Jennifer L HookAbstract:National context may influence sex segregation of household tasks through both pragmatic decision making and the normative context in which decision making is embedded. This study utilizes 36 time use surveys from 19 countries (spanning 1965–2003) combined with original national‐level data in multilevel models to examine household task segregation. Analyses reveal that men do less and women do more time‐inflexible housework in nations where work hours and parental leave are long. Women do less of this work where there is more public child care and men are eligible to take parental leave. National context affects the character of Gender Inequality in the home through individual‐ and national‐level pathways.
Carol A Bailey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gender Inequality and the division of household labor in the united states and sweden a socialist feminist approach
Social Problems, 1991Co-Authors: Toni Calasanti, Carol A BaileyAbstract:In this paper, we offer a socialist-feminist framework for exploring the persistence of Gender Inequality in the disvision of household labor. The inconsistent results generated by the relative resources, Gender-role ideology, and time-availability hypotheses speak to the need to examine the structural bases for power relations based on Gender. Emphasizing the relative autonomy and interrelations of capitalism and patriarchy, socialist-feminism posits that different forms of patriarchal capitalism have varying effects on the division of household labor. (We thus examine the usefulness of this approach by exploring the relationships expressed in three traditional hypotheses about Gender Inequality and the performance of five household tasks in the United States and Sweden.) The results of our regression analyses indicate that previous perspectives do not adequately examine the power differential embodied in Gender relations and that socialist-feminism may give us insights into why Gender inequities in the home are maintained despite progressive legislation
David Mccoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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associations of economic and Gender Inequality with global obesity prevalence understanding the female excess
Social Science & Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Jonathan C K Wells, Akanksha A Marphatia, T J Cole, David MccoyAbstract:Obesity is widely assumed to be associated with economic affluence; it has therefore been assumed to become more common with economic development. However, obesity has also been associated with poverty. These contrary findings highlight the need for an examination of the contribution of social and economic factors to the global distribution of obesity. Males and females may be differently exposed to social and economic Inequality, however few studies have considered possible Gender differences in the association between socio-economic indices and obesity prevalence. We analysed between-country associations between obesity prevalence and three social or economic indices: per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the Gini index of national wealth Inequality, and the Gender Inequality index (GII). We considered the Genders separately, the Gender average, and also the Gender difference (female excess) in obesity prevalence. Across 68 countries listing sample size, there were 3 obese women for every 2 obese men. Within populations, obesity prevalence in males and females was strongly correlated (r = 0.74), however, only 17% of the female excess prevalence was accounted for by the Gender-average prevalence. In both Genders, there was a positive association between obesity prevalence and GDP that attenuated at higher GDP levels, with this association weaker in females than males. Adjusting for GDP, both the Gini index and GII were associated with excess female obesity. These analyses highlight significant Gender differences in the global distribution of obesity, and a Gender difference in the association of obesity prevalence with socio-economic factors. The magnitude of female excess obesity is not constant across populations, and is greater in countries characterised by Gender Inequality and lower GDP. These findings indicate that improving women’s status may be a key area for addressing the global obesity epidemic over the long term, with potential benefits for the women themselves and for their offspring.