The Experts below are selected from a list of 186 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stephen M. Rosenthal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Care of Gender Nonconforming/Transgender Youth
Pediatric Endocrinology, 2018Co-Authors: Janet Y. Lee, Liat Perl, Stephen M. RosenthalAbstract:In many parts of the world, increasing numbers of gender nonconforming/transgender Youth are seeking medical services to enable the development of physical characteristics consistent with their experienced gender. Such medical services include use of agents to block endogenous puberty at Tanner stage 2 with subsequent use of cross-sex hormones and are based on longitudinal studies demonstrating that those individuals who were first identified as gender dysphoric in early or middle childhood and continue to meet the mental health criteria for being transgender at early puberty are likely to be transgender as adults. This chapter addresses terms and definitions applicable to gender nonconforming Youth, studies that shed light on the biologic underpinnings of gender identity, outcomes and potential complications of current treatment models, gaps in knowledge, and priorities for research.
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Transgender Youth: current concepts
Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, 2016Co-Authors: Stephen M. RosenthalAbstract:In many countries throughout the world, increasing numbers of gender nonconforming/transgender Youth are seeking medical services to enable the development of physical characteristics consistent with their experienced gender. Such medical services include use of agents to block endogenous puberty at Tanner stage II with subsequent use of cross-sex hormones, and are based on longitudinal studies demonstrating that those individuals who were first identified as gender dysphoric in early or middle childhood and continue to meet the mental health criteria for being transgender at early puberty are likely to be transgender as adults. This review addresses terms and definitions applicable to gender nonconforming Youth, studies that shed light on the biologic determinants of gender identity, current clinical practice guidelines for transgender Youth, challenges to optimal care, and priorities for research.
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Research priorities for gender nonconforming/transgender Youth: gender identity development and biopsychosocial outcomes.
Current opinion in endocrinology diabetes and obesity, 2016Co-Authors: Johanna Olson-kennedy, Robert Garofalo, Peggy T. Cohen-kettenis, Baudewijntje P.c. Kreukels, Heino F. L. Meyer-bahlburg, Walter J. Meyer, Stephen M. RosenthalAbstract:The review summarizes relevant research focused on prevalence and natural history of gender nonconforming/transgender Youth, and outcomes of currently recommended clinical practice guidelines. This review identifies gaps in knowledge, and provides recommendations foci for future research. Increasing numbers of gender nonconforming Youth are presenting for care. Clinically useful information for predicting individual psychosexual development pathways is lacking. Transgender Youth are at high risk for poor medical and psychosocial outcomes. Longitudinal data examining the impact of early social transition and medical interventions are sparse. Existing tools to understand gender identity and quantify gender dysphoria need to be reconfigured to study a more diverse cohort of transgender individuals. Increasingly, biomedical data are beginning to change the trajectory of scientific investigation. Extensive research is needed to improve understanding of gender dysphoria, and transgender experience, particularly among Youth. Recommendations include identification of predictors of persistence of gender dysphoria from childhood into adolescence, and a thorough investigation into the impact of interventions for transgender Youth. Finally, examining the social environments of transgender Youth is critical for the development of appropriate interventions necessary to improve the lives of transgender people.
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Psychological and Medical Care of Gender Nonconforming Youth
Pediatrics, 2014Co-Authors: Stanley R. Vance, Diane Ehrensaft, Stephen M. RosenthalAbstract:Gender nonconforming (GN) children and adolescents, collectively referred to as GN Youth, may seek care to understand their internal gender identities, socially transition to their affirmed genders, and/or physically transition to their affirmed genders. Because general pediatricians are often the first point of contact with the health care system for GN Youth, familiarity with the psychological and medical approaches to providing care for this population is crucial. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of existing clinical practice guidelines for GN Youth. Such guidelines emphasize a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration of medical, mental health, and social services/advocacy providers. Appropriate training needs to be provided to promote comprehensive, culturally competent care to GN Youth, a population that has traditionally been underserved and at risk for negative psychosocial outcomes.
Sabra L. Katz-wise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lessons from a community-based participatory research study with transgender and gender nonconforming Youth and their families:
Action Research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Diane Ehrensaft, Annie Pullen Sansfaçon, Laura M. Bogart, Milagros C. Rosal, Roberta E. Goldman, S. Bryn AustinAbstract:Community-based participatory research (CBPR) involves community members collaborating with academic investigators in each step of the research process. CBPR may be especially useful for research i...
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Family Functioning and Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project.
Journal of sex research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Ralph Vetters, Michelle Forcier, Diane Ehrensaft, S. Bryn AustinAbstract:Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGN) Youth are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, but better family functioning may be protective. This study describes TGN Youth's mental health and associations with family functioning in a community-based sample. Participants were from 33 families (96 family members) and included 33 TGN Youth, ages 13 to 17 years; 48 cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers; and 15 cisgender siblings. Participants completed a survey with measures of family functioning (family communication, family satisfaction) and mental health of TGN Youth (suicidality, self-harm, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, resilience). TGN Youth reported a high risk of mental health concerns: suicidality (15% to 30%), self-harm (49%), clinically significant depressive symptoms (61%); and moderate self-esteem (M = 27.55, SD = 7.15) and resiliency (M = 3.67, SD = 0.53). In adjusted models, better family functioning from the TGN Youth's perspective was associated with better mental health outcomes among TGN Youth (β ranged from -0.40 to -0.65 for self-harm, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms, and 0.58 to 0.70 for self-esteem and resiliency). Findings from this study highlight the importance of considering TGN Youth's perspectives on the family to inform interventions to improve family functioning in families with TGN Youth.
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Transactional pathways of transgender identity development in transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth and caregiver perspectives from the Trans Youth Family Study
The international journal of transgenderism, 2017Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Stephanie L. Budge, Ellen Fugate, Kaleigh Flanagan, Currie Touloumtzis, Brian A. Rood, Amaya Perez-brumer, Scott LeibowitzAbstract:A growing body of research has examined transgender identity development, but no studies have investigated developmental pathways as a transactional process between Youth and caregivers, incorporating perspectives from multiple family members. The aim of this study was to conceptualize pathways of transgender identity development using narratives from both transgender and gender nonconforming (TGN) Youth and their cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers. The sample included 16 families, with 16 TGN Youth, ages 7-18 years, and 29 cisgender caregivers (N = 45 family members). TGN Youth represented multiple gender identities, including trans boy (n = 9), trans girl (n = 5), gender fluid boy (n = 1), and girlish boy (n = 1). Caregivers included mothers (n = 17), fathers (n = 11), and one grandmother. Participants were recruited from LGBTQ community organizations and support networks for families with transgender Youth in the Midwest, Northeast, and South regions of the United States. Each family member completed a one-time in-person semi-structured qualitative interview that included questions about transgender identity development. Analyses revealed seven overarching themes of transgender identity development, which were organized into a conceptual model: Trans identity development, sociocultural influences/societal discourse, biological influences, family adjustment/impact, stigma/cisnormativity, support/resources, and gender affirmation/actualization. Findings underscore the importance of assessing developmental processes among TGN Youth as transactional, impacting both Youth and their caregivers.
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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth and Family Acceptance
Pediatric clinics of North America, 2016Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Margaret Rosario, Michael TsappisAbstract:In this article, we address theories of attachment and parental acceptance and rejection, and their implications for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Youths' identity and health. We also provide 2 clinical cases to illustrate the process of family acceptance of a transgender Youth and a gender nonconforming Youth who was neither a sexual minority nor transgender. Clinical implications of family acceptance and rejection of LGBT Youth are discussed.
Diane Ehrensaft - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lessons from a community-based participatory research study with transgender and gender nonconforming Youth and their families:
Action Research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Diane Ehrensaft, Annie Pullen Sansfaçon, Laura M. Bogart, Milagros C. Rosal, Roberta E. Goldman, S. Bryn AustinAbstract:Community-based participatory research (CBPR) involves community members collaborating with academic investigators in each step of the research process. CBPR may be especially useful for research i...
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family functioning and mental health of transgender and gender nonconforming Youth in the trans teen and family narratives project
Journal of Sex Research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L Katzwise, Ralph Vetters, Michelle Forcier, Diane Ehrensaft, Bryn S AustinAbstract:Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGN) Youth are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, but better family functioning may be protective. This study describes TGN Youth’s mental health and associations with family functioning in a community-based sample. Participants were from 33 families (96 family members) and included 33 TGN Youth, ages 13 to 17 years; 48 cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers; and 15 cisgender siblings. Participants completed a survey with measures of family functioning (family communication, family satisfaction) and mental health of TGN Youth (suicidality, self-harm, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, resilience). TGN Youth reported a high risk of mental health concerns: suicidality (15% to 30%), self-harm (49%), clinically significant depressive symptoms (61%); and moderate self-esteem (M = 27.55, SD = 7.15) and resiliency (M = 3.67, SD = 0.53). In adjusted models, better family functioning from the TGN Youth’s perspective was associated with better mental health ou...
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Family Functioning and Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project.
Journal of sex research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Ralph Vetters, Michelle Forcier, Diane Ehrensaft, S. Bryn AustinAbstract:Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGN) Youth are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, but better family functioning may be protective. This study describes TGN Youth's mental health and associations with family functioning in a community-based sample. Participants were from 33 families (96 family members) and included 33 TGN Youth, ages 13 to 17 years; 48 cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers; and 15 cisgender siblings. Participants completed a survey with measures of family functioning (family communication, family satisfaction) and mental health of TGN Youth (suicidality, self-harm, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, resilience). TGN Youth reported a high risk of mental health concerns: suicidality (15% to 30%), self-harm (49%), clinically significant depressive symptoms (61%); and moderate self-esteem (M = 27.55, SD = 7.15) and resiliency (M = 3.67, SD = 0.53). In adjusted models, better family functioning from the TGN Youth's perspective was associated with better mental health outcomes among TGN Youth (β ranged from -0.40 to -0.65 for self-harm, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms, and 0.58 to 0.70 for self-esteem and resiliency). Findings from this study highlight the importance of considering TGN Youth's perspectives on the family to inform interventions to improve family functioning in families with TGN Youth.
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Gender nonconforming Youth: current perspectives
Adolescent health medicine and therapeutics, 2017Co-Authors: Diane EhrensaftAbstract:Beginning with a case vignette, a discussion follows of the reformulation of theories of gender development taking into consideration the recent upsurge of gender nonconforming and transgender Youth presenting for gender services and also in the culture at large. The three predominant models of pediatric gender care are reviewed and critiqued, along with a presentation of the recently developed interdisciplinary model of gender care optimal in the treatment of gender nonconforming Youth seeking either puberty blockers or cross-sex hormones.
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Psychological and Medical Care of Gender Nonconforming Youth
Pediatrics, 2014Co-Authors: Stanley R. Vance, Diane Ehrensaft, Stephen M. RosenthalAbstract:Gender nonconforming (GN) children and adolescents, collectively referred to as GN Youth, may seek care to understand their internal gender identities, socially transition to their affirmed genders, and/or physically transition to their affirmed genders. Because general pediatricians are often the first point of contact with the health care system for GN Youth, familiarity with the psychological and medical approaches to providing care for this population is crucial. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of existing clinical practice guidelines for GN Youth. Such guidelines emphasize a multidisciplinary approach with collaboration of medical, mental health, and social services/advocacy providers. Appropriate training needs to be provided to promote comprehensive, culturally competent care to GN Youth, a population that has traditionally been underserved and at risk for negative psychosocial outcomes.
Diane Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Minority Stress Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Gia Chodzen, Marco A. Hidalgo, Diane Chen, Robert GarofaloAbstract:Abstract Purpose Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents and young adults experience mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, at an elevated rate as compared to their cisgender counterparts. A growing literature suggests that vulnerability to psychiatric problems in TGNC individuals results from social discrimination and minority stress. Methods The sample consisted of adolescent TGNC patients (N = 109) who completed behavior health screening questionnaires as standard of care at their first clinical visit to an interdisciplinary gender program within a pediatric academic medical center in a metropolitan Midwestern city. Binary logistic regressions were used to assess whether the likelihood that participants met clinical diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) was predicted by gender identity appearance congruence, proximal forms of minority stress (e.g., negative expectations of the future related to gender identity; internalized transphobia) and community connectedness (i.e., resilience) . Results Overall, 33% (n = 36) of the sample met diagnostic criteria for MDD and 48% (n = 53) met diagnostic criteria for GAD. Those with high levels of internalized transphobia were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for both MDD and GAD. Those with low levels of gender identity appearance congruence were significantly more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for MDD but not GAD. Conclusion There are several unique factors that may predict mental illness among TGNC Youth. Understanding these factors may offer opportunities for targeted clinical and structural interventions.
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Attitudes Toward Fertility and Reproductive Health Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Adolescents
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2018Co-Authors: Diane Chen, Margaret Matson, Kathryn Macapagal, Emilie K Johnson, Ilina Rosoklija, Courtney Finlayson, Celia B Fisher, Brian MustanskiAbstract:Little is known about the reproductive desires of transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents who may seek gender-affirming medical care that leads to infertility. The current study addressed this gap by examining attitudes toward fertility and family formation in a diverse sample of TGNC Youth. An online survey about sexual/reproductive health in sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents ages 14-17 years was conducted from September to October 2016. A total of 156 TGNC adolescents (Mage = 16.1 years; 83.3% assigned female at birth; 58.3% Youth of color) responded. Overall, 70.5% of TGNC adolescents were interested in adoption and 35.9% in biological parenthood; more Gender-Nonconforming Youth (43.8%) than transgender Youth (25.8%) expressed interest in biological fertility. Discussions with health-care providers about fertility and reproductive health were uncommon-only 20.5% of Youth had discussed fertility in general and only 13.5% had discussed effects of hormones on fertility. However, 60.9% of respondents were interested in learning more about their fertility and family building options. Key themes emerging from qualitative comments included concerns related to fertility/reproductive health (e.g., stigma of SGM parenthood, effect of gender-affirming treatments on fertility), and the need for additional reproductive health information both tailored to their individual experience and for SGM individuals more generally. TGNC adolescents expressed interest in multiple family building options, including adoption and biological parenthood, and identified a need for more information about these options. Thus, clinicians working with adolescents should be aware of the unique fertility and reproductive health needs of TGNC Youth. Copyright © 2017 The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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attitudes toward fertility and reproductive health among transgender and gender nonconforming adolescents
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2018Co-Authors: Diane Chen, Margaret Matson, Kathryn Macapagal, Emilie K Johnson, Ilina Rosoklija, Courtney Finlayson, Celia B FisherAbstract:Abstract Purpose Little is known about the reproductive desires of transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents who may seek gender-affirming medical care that leads to infertility. The current study addressed this gap by examining attitudes toward fertility and family formation in a diverse sample of TGNC Youth. Method An online survey about sexual/reproductive health in sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents ages 14–17 years was conducted from September to October 2016. Results A total of 156 TGNC adolescents (M age = 16.1 years; 83.3% assigned female at birth; 58.3% Youth of color) responded. Overall, 70.5% of TGNC adolescents were interested in adoption and 35.9% in biological parenthood; more Gender-Nonconforming Youth (43.8%) than transgender Youth (25.8%) expressed interest in biological fertility. Discussions with health-care providers about fertility and reproductive health were uncommon—only 20.5% of Youth had discussed fertility in general and only 13.5% had discussed effects of hormones on fertility. However, 60.9% of respondents were interested in learning more about their fertility and family building options. Key themes emerging from qualitative comments included concerns related to fertility/reproductive health (e.g., stigma of SGM parenthood, effect of gender-affirming treatments on fertility), and the need for additional reproductive health information both tailored to their individual experience and for SGM individuals more generally. Discussion TGNC adolescents expressed interest in multiple family building options, including adoption and biological parenthood, and identified a need for more information about these options. Thus, clinicians working with adolescents should be aware of the unique fertility and reproductive health needs of TGNC Youth.
S. Bryn Austin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lessons from a community-based participatory research study with transgender and gender nonconforming Youth and their families:
Action Research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Diane Ehrensaft, Annie Pullen Sansfaçon, Laura M. Bogart, Milagros C. Rosal, Roberta E. Goldman, S. Bryn AustinAbstract:Community-based participatory research (CBPR) involves community members collaborating with academic investigators in each step of the research process. CBPR may be especially useful for research i...
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Family Functioning and Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project.
Journal of sex research, 2018Co-Authors: Sabra L. Katz-wise, Ralph Vetters, Michelle Forcier, Diane Ehrensaft, S. Bryn AustinAbstract:Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGN) Youth are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, but better family functioning may be protective. This study describes TGN Youth's mental health and associations with family functioning in a community-based sample. Participants were from 33 families (96 family members) and included 33 TGN Youth, ages 13 to 17 years; 48 cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers; and 15 cisgender siblings. Participants completed a survey with measures of family functioning (family communication, family satisfaction) and mental health of TGN Youth (suicidality, self-harm, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, resilience). TGN Youth reported a high risk of mental health concerns: suicidality (15% to 30%), self-harm (49%), clinically significant depressive symptoms (61%); and moderate self-esteem (M = 27.55, SD = 7.15) and resiliency (M = 3.67, SD = 0.53). In adjusted models, better family functioning from the TGN Youth's perspective was associated with better mental health outcomes among TGN Youth (β ranged from -0.40 to -0.65 for self-harm, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms, and 0.58 to 0.70 for self-esteem and resiliency). Findings from this study highlight the importance of considering TGN Youth's perspectives on the family to inform interventions to improve family functioning in families with TGN Youth.