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Robert M. Sorensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wind-Generated Waves
    Basic Coastal Engineering, 1997
    Co-Authors: Robert M. Sorensen
    Abstract:

    The most apparent and usually the most important Waves in the spectrum of Waves at sea (see Figure 5.2) are those Generated by the wind. Wind-Generated Waves are much more complex than the simple monochromatic Waves considered to this point. We must briefly look into how these Waves are Generated by the wind and some of the important characteristics that result. It is important to have a means to quantify wind-Generated Waves for use in various engineering analyses. It is also important to be able to predict these Waves for a given wind condition both Wave hindcasts for historic wind conditions and Wave forecasts for predicted impending wind conditions. Finally, we also need to look at procedures for extreme Wave analysis, i.e., to predict those extreme wind-Generated Wave conditions that will be used as the limit for engineering design.

Guy A Plint - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reply to the discussion by schieber on mud dispersal across a cretaceous prodelta storm Generated Wave enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies by plint sedimentology 61 609 647
    Sedimentology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Guy A Plint, Burns A Cheadle
    Abstract:

    The points raised by Dr. Schieber are most efficiently addressed through a joint Reply from both Plint and Cheadle, who are currently working on Cretaceous mudrocks in the Canadian portion of the Western Interior Seaway. Before making our reply, both Plint and Cheadle, as relative neophytes in the world of mudrock sedimentology, are pleased to acknowledge the guidance and inspiration provided by the numerous, groundbreaking, publications of Juergen Schieber. We hope that our research on Canadian mudrocks can also make some modest contribution to the exciting, tantalizing and sometimes frustrating field of mudrock sedimentology. We thank Dr Schieber for the interest he has taken in the paper by Plint (2014) concerning prodelta mudstone in the Cretaceous Dunvegan Formation. Below, we comment briefly on the main points raised in Schieber’s Discussion.

  • mud dispersal across a cretaceous prodelta storm Generated Wave enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies
    Sedimentology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Guy A Plint
    Abstract:

    Determining sediment transport direction in ancient mudrocks is difficult. In order to determine both process and direction of mud transport, a portion of a well-mapped Cretaceous delta system was studied. Oriented samples from outcrop represent prodelta environments from ca 10 to 120 km offshore. Oriented thin sections of mudstone, cut in three planes, allowed bed microstructure and palaeoflow directions to be determined. Clay mineral platelets are packaged in equant, face-face aggregates 2 to 5 μm in diameter that have a random orientation; these aggregates may have formed through flocculation in fluid mud. Cohesive mud was eroded by storms to make intraclastic aggregates 5 to 20 μm in diameter. Mudstone beds are millimetre-scale, and four microfacies are recognized: Well-sorted siltstone forms millimetre-scale combined-flow ripples overlying scoured surfaces; deposition was from turbulent combined flow. Silt-streaked claystone comprises parallel, sub-millimetre laminae of siliceous silt and clay aggregates sorted by shear in the boundary layer beneath a Wave-supported gravity flow of fluid mud. Silty claystone comprises fine siliceous silt grains floating in a matrix of clay and was deposited by vertical settling as fluid mud gelled under minimal current shear. Homogeneous clay-rich mudstone has little silt and may represent late-stage settling of fluid mud, or settling from Wave-dissipated fluid mud. It is difficult or impossible to correlate millimetre-scale beds between thin sections from the same sample, spaced only ca 20 mm apart, due to lateral facies change and localized scour and fill. Combined-flow ripples in siltstone show strong preferred migration directly down the regional prodelta slope, estimated at ca 1 : 1000. Ripple migration was effected by drag exerted by an overlying layer of downslope-flowing, Wave-supported fluid mud. In the upper part of the studied section, centimetre-scale interbeds of very fine to fine-grained sandstone show Wave ripple crests trending shore normal, whereas combined-flow ripples migrated obliquely alongshore and offshore. Storm winds blowing from the north-east drove shore-oblique geostrophic sand transport whereas simultaneously, Wave-supported flows of fluid mud travelled downslope under the influence of gravity. Effective Wave base for sand, estimated at ca 40 m, intersected the prodelta surface ca 80 km offshore whereas Wave base for mud was at ca 70 m and lay ca 120 km offshore. Small-scale bioturbation of mud beds co-occurs with interbedded sandstone but stratigraphically lower, sand-free mudstone has few or no signs of benthic fauna. It is likely that a combination of soupground substrate, frequent storm emplacement of fluid mud, low nutrient availability and possibly reduced bottom-water oxygen content collectively inhibited benthic fauna in the distal prodelta.

Ady Arie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Modified quasi-phase-matching and spectral shaping in a nonlinear whispering gallery mode resonator
    Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2017
    Co-Authors: Aviv Karnieli, Sivan Trajtenberg-mills, Benoit Boulanger, Ady Arie
    Abstract:

    We derive an analytic solution for the spectral and radial distribution of a sum-frequency Generated Wave, in a cylindrical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator with an arbitrarily modulated nonlinear coefficient along the angular direction. The cylindrical geometry dictates different Wave vectors, spatial distribution, and spectrum of the Generated Wave with respect to a linear cavity with an identical round-trip length. The geometrical correction term to the phase-mismatch parameter is derived by exact analytic solution; it is found to be different by a factor of 2 with respect to the slowly varying envelope approximation result for WGMs, which has been previously suggested in the literature. This change occurs because the properties of the Generated Wave in the nonlinear process depend on the spatial distribution of the pump and signal, in addition to the geometrical boundary conditions. We also propose a scheme for the spectral shaping of optical pulses in a WGM resonator, based on a method taken from computer-Generated holograms. This method, apart from having an advantage in the form of a considerable reduction of the necessary pump power due to the intracavity enhancement by the resonator, also should allow for arbitrarily shaping of the pulse envelope as well as the cancellation of group velocity dispersion per round trip.

Burns A Cheadle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Shunquan Qin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parametric Wave Spectrum Model for Typhoon-Generated Waves Based on Field Measurements in Nearshore Strait Water
    Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 2021
    Co-Authors: Kai Wei, Hasan Imani, Shunquan Qin
    Abstract:

    Abstract The stochastic Waves Generated by storm landfalls usually determine the design and safety of coastal and offshore structures in typhoon regions. This study developed a parametric Wave spectrum model for typhoon-Generated stochastic Waves that considers the variation in the Wave spectrum due to the temporal variation in the typhoon. A field measurement campaign was conducted in nearshore strait water on the east coast of China to measure the Wave data for two landfall typhoons: Soudelor and Dujuan. The measured Wave data were filtered through a preprocessing framework. The parametric Wave spectrum model was then developed based on the measured Wave spectra for different stages of the typhoon. The main conclusions include the following: (1) 78% of the measured Wave spectra at the example site under a typhoon are double-peaked, and approximately 15% are single-peaked; (2) the parametric model with either the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) or Ochi-Hubble (OH) kernel function is effective in defining the typhoon-Generated Wave spectra; and (3) the critical parameters of the developed model for typhoon-Generated Waves are site-specific and depend on the temporal variation of the typhoon.