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Laura Celentano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Book Announcement of L. Celentano, Robust Tracking Controllers Design with Generic References for Continuous and Discrete Uncertain Linear SISO Systems, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2012
International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application, 2014Co-Authors: Laura CelentanoAbstract:In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of Generic Reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, without zeros, and with measurable state. The controller guarantees that the control system is Type 1 and has the desired constant gain and poles or that the control system tracks, with a specified maximum error and with a specified maximum time constant, a Generic Reference with bounded derivative (variation in the discrete-time case), also in the presence of a Generic disturbance with bounded derivative (variation). In addition, it is considered the case in which the Reference is known a priori. The utility and the efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with attractive and significant examples of motion control and temperature control. This book is useful for the design of control systems, especially for manufacturing systems, that are versatile, fast, precise and robust.
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New Results and Applications on Robust Stability and Tracking of Pseudo-Quadratic Uncertain MIMO Discrete-Time Systems
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 2013Co-Authors: Laura CelentanoAbstract:In this paper new fundamental theorems are stated, which allow to easily determine a first-order majorant system of a pseudo-quadratic uncertain MIMO discrete-time system. For the above class of systems, some results and systematic methods are provided, which allow to solve, “via majorant system”, several analysis problems of robust stability, stabilization and tracking of a Generic Reference signal with bounded variation in presence of a Generic disturbance with bounded variation. The utility and the efficiency of the main results proposed in this paper are illustrated with three significant examples.
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Robust tracking method for uncertain MIMO systems of realistic trajectories
Journal of the Franklin Institute, 2013Co-Authors: Laura CelentanoAbstract:Abstract In this paper new results which allow to determine the performances of a given control system with integral action, with uncertain MIMO plant and with Reference and disturbance having bounded derivative, are provided. Moreover, other useful theorems are stated to design a controller forcing an uncertain MIMO system to track a Generic Reference signal with bounded derivative in presence of a Generic disturbance with bounded derivative, with prefixed maximum time constant and error. The used approach is based on the determination of a first-order majorant system of an appropriate representation of the control system by calculating the eigenvalues of suitable matrices only in correspondence of the extreme values of the uncertain parameters. The utility and the efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with two significant examples.
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Tracking Controllers Design of References with Bounded Derivative
2012Co-Authors: Laura CelentanoAbstract:In this paper new results about the design techniques of controllers for the tracking of References with bounded derivative are stated and presented. They allow to design a controller of a process without zeros and with measurable state, such that the control system is of type one and has assigned constant gain and poles, or such that the control system tracks, with a prefixed maximum error, a Generic Reference with bounded derivative also when there is a Generic disturbance with bounded derivative. The utility and efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with an attractive and significant example of position control.
Tania Ionin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dominant language transfer in spanish heritage speakers and second language learners in the interpretation of definite articles
The Modern Language Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Silvina Montrul, Tania IoninAbstract:This study investigates dominant language transfer (from English) in adult Spanish second language (L2) learners and Spanish heritage speakers. We focus on contrasting properties of English and Spanish definite articles with respect to Generic Reference ('Elephants have ivory tusks' vs. Los elefantes tienen colmillos de marfil) and inalienable possession ('Peter raised his hand' vs. Pedro levanto la mano). Thirty adult Spanish heritage speakers and 30 L2 learners of Spanish completed four written tasks (acceptability judgment, truth-value judgment, picture-sentence matching, and sentence-picture acceptability judgment). The results show that the heritage speakers and the L2 learners exhibited dominant language transfer from English with the interpretation of definite articles in Generic contexts; transfer effects were not as pronounced in the inalienable possession construction. We discuss the implications of these findings for heritage language research and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Transfer effects in the interpretation of definite articles by Spanish heritage speakers
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2010Co-Authors: Silvina Montrul, Tania IoninAbstract:This study investigates the role of transfer from the stronger language by focusing on the interpretation of definite articles in Spanish and English by Spanish heritage speakers (i.e., minority language-speaking bilinguals) residing in the U.S., where English is the majority language. Spanish plural NPs with definite articles can express Generic Reference (Los elefantes tienen colmillos de marfil), or specific Reference (Los elefantes de este zoologico son marrones). English plurals with definite articles can only have specific Reference (The elephants in this zoo are brown), while Generic Reference is expressed with bare plural NPs (Elephants have ivory tusks). Furthermore, the Spanish definite article is preferred in inalienable possession constructions (Pedro levanto la mano “Peter raised the hand”), whereas in English the use of a definite article typically means that the body part belongs to somebody else (alienable possession). Twenty-three adult Spanish heritage speakers completed three tasks in Spanish (acceptability judgment, truth-value judgment, and picture–sentence matching tasks) and the same three tasks in English. Results show that the Spanish heritage speakers exhibited transfer from English into Spanish with the interpretation of definite articles in Generic but not in inalienable possession contexts. Implications of this finding for the field of heritage language research and for theories of article semantics are discussed.
Meredith Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Generic Reference is less marked than specific Reference in children s gestures
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Susan A. GelmanAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to kinds (e.g., Birds lay eggs) rather than specific individuals (e.g., This bird lays eggs). Prior research with adults has indicated that adults are less likely to gesture in association with Generic versus specific Reference. In the current studies, we examined this phenomenon in children, comparing children’s gestures in scenarios of Generic versus specific Reference. Across two pragmatic contexts, three- to six-year-old children’s pointing was reduced during Generic Reference compared to specific Reference. Results thus suggest that the tendency to reduce gestural marking for Generics emerges early in development. We discuss these results within the context of a claim known as the “Generics-as-default” proposal, which holds that reduced marking reflects that Generics are basic and cognitively default.
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Generic Reference is Less Marked Than Specific Reference in Children’s Gestures
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Susan A. GelmanAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to kinds (e.g., Birds lay eggs) rather than specific individuals (e.g., This bird lays eggs). Prior research with adults has indicated that adults are less likely to gesture in association with Generic versus specific Reference. In the current studies, we examined this phenomenon in children, comparing children’s gestures in scenarios of Generic versus specific Reference. Across two pragmatic contexts, three- to six-year-old children’s pointing was reduced during Generic Reference compared to specific Reference. Results thus suggest that the tendency to reduce gestural marking for Generics emerges early in development. We discuss these results within the context of a claim known as the “Generics-as-default” proposal, which holds that reduced marking reflects that Generics are basic and cognitively default.
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Frequency and Informativeness of Gestural Cues Accompanying Generic and Particular Reference.
Language Learning and Development, 2014Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Susan A. Gelman, Sarah M. StilwellAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to abstract categories (Dogs bark) rather than particular individuals (Those dogs bark). Study 1 investigated how parents use gestures in association with Generic versus particular Reference during naturalistic interactions with their 2- and 3-year-old children. Parents provided deictic gestures more frequently during particular Reference, whereas no type of gesture was promoted by Generic Reference. Study 2 assessed the informativeness of parents’ gestures. Undergraduate students watched silent clips of the parent-child interactions and guessed what parents were discussing. Participants were unable to make use of parents’ gestures to reliably detect Generic Reference, though they were able to use gestural information to detect particular Reference in contexts featuring multiple possible referents. We suggest that Generics cannot be acquired via associative processes and discuss alternative accounts of acquiring the distinction between Generic and particular.
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Pointing As a Socio-Pragmatic Cue to Particular vs. Generic Reference
Language Learning and Development, 2013Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Dare A. BaldwinAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to abstract kind categories (Dogs bark) rather than particular individuals (Those dogs bark). How do children distinguish these distinct kinds of Reference? We examined the role of one socio-pragmatic cue, namely pointing, in producing and comprehending Generic versus particular Reference. Study 1 demonstrated that parents of preschool-aged children pointed more when referring to particular instances versus Generic kinds. Studies 2 and 3 addressed how children interpreted pointing when linguistic cues were ambiguous with respect to the Generic versus particular distinction, for example, They are afraid of raccoons said in the presence of several dogs, where they could refer to the Generic category (dogs) or a particular set (the/those dogs). Results indicate only a partial socio-pragmatic sensitivity to pointing's role in marking particular Reference. They additionally speak to issues related to children's acquisition of Generics and their expectations regarding tr...
Susan A. Gelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Generic Reference is less marked than specific Reference in children s gestures
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Susan A. GelmanAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to kinds (e.g., Birds lay eggs) rather than specific individuals (e.g., This bird lays eggs). Prior research with adults has indicated that adults are less likely to gesture in association with Generic versus specific Reference. In the current studies, we examined this phenomenon in children, comparing children’s gestures in scenarios of Generic versus specific Reference. Across two pragmatic contexts, three- to six-year-old children’s pointing was reduced during Generic Reference compared to specific Reference. Results thus suggest that the tendency to reduce gestural marking for Generics emerges early in development. We discuss these results within the context of a claim known as the “Generics-as-default” proposal, which holds that reduced marking reflects that Generics are basic and cognitively default.
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Generic Reference is Less Marked Than Specific Reference in Children’s Gestures
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Susan A. GelmanAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to kinds (e.g., Birds lay eggs) rather than specific individuals (e.g., This bird lays eggs). Prior research with adults has indicated that adults are less likely to gesture in association with Generic versus specific Reference. In the current studies, we examined this phenomenon in children, comparing children’s gestures in scenarios of Generic versus specific Reference. Across two pragmatic contexts, three- to six-year-old children’s pointing was reduced during Generic Reference compared to specific Reference. Results thus suggest that the tendency to reduce gestural marking for Generics emerges early in development. We discuss these results within the context of a claim known as the “Generics-as-default” proposal, which holds that reduced marking reflects that Generics are basic and cognitively default.
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Frequency and Informativeness of Gestural Cues Accompanying Generic and Particular Reference.
Language Learning and Development, 2014Co-Authors: Meredith Meyer, Susan A. Gelman, Sarah M. StilwellAbstract:Generic noun phrases, or Generics, refer to abstract categories (Dogs bark) rather than particular individuals (Those dogs bark). Study 1 investigated how parents use gestures in association with Generic versus particular Reference during naturalistic interactions with their 2- and 3-year-old children. Parents provided deictic gestures more frequently during particular Reference, whereas no type of gesture was promoted by Generic Reference. Study 2 assessed the informativeness of parents’ gestures. Undergraduate students watched silent clips of the parent-child interactions and guessed what parents were discussing. Participants were unable to make use of parents’ gestures to reliably detect Generic Reference, though they were able to use gestural information to detect particular Reference in contexts featuring multiple possible referents. We suggest that Generics cannot be acquired via associative processes and discuss alternative accounts of acquiring the distinction between Generic and particular.
Silvina Montrul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dominant language transfer in spanish heritage speakers and second language learners in the interpretation of definite articles
The Modern Language Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Silvina Montrul, Tania IoninAbstract:This study investigates dominant language transfer (from English) in adult Spanish second language (L2) learners and Spanish heritage speakers. We focus on contrasting properties of English and Spanish definite articles with respect to Generic Reference ('Elephants have ivory tusks' vs. Los elefantes tienen colmillos de marfil) and inalienable possession ('Peter raised his hand' vs. Pedro levanto la mano). Thirty adult Spanish heritage speakers and 30 L2 learners of Spanish completed four written tasks (acceptability judgment, truth-value judgment, picture-sentence matching, and sentence-picture acceptability judgment). The results show that the heritage speakers and the L2 learners exhibited dominant language transfer from English with the interpretation of definite articles in Generic contexts; transfer effects were not as pronounced in the inalienable possession construction. We discuss the implications of these findings for heritage language research and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Transfer effects in the interpretation of definite articles by Spanish heritage speakers
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2010Co-Authors: Silvina Montrul, Tania IoninAbstract:This study investigates the role of transfer from the stronger language by focusing on the interpretation of definite articles in Spanish and English by Spanish heritage speakers (i.e., minority language-speaking bilinguals) residing in the U.S., where English is the majority language. Spanish plural NPs with definite articles can express Generic Reference (Los elefantes tienen colmillos de marfil), or specific Reference (Los elefantes de este zoologico son marrones). English plurals with definite articles can only have specific Reference (The elephants in this zoo are brown), while Generic Reference is expressed with bare plural NPs (Elephants have ivory tusks). Furthermore, the Spanish definite article is preferred in inalienable possession constructions (Pedro levanto la mano “Peter raised the hand”), whereas in English the use of a definite article typically means that the body part belongs to somebody else (alienable possession). Twenty-three adult Spanish heritage speakers completed three tasks in Spanish (acceptability judgment, truth-value judgment, and picture–sentence matching tasks) and the same three tasks in English. Results show that the Spanish heritage speakers exhibited transfer from English into Spanish with the interpretation of definite articles in Generic but not in inalienable possession contexts. Implications of this finding for the field of heritage language research and for theories of article semantics are discussed.