The Experts below are selected from a list of 4428 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jose R. Fernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Genetic Admixture to study the biology of obesity traits and to map genes in admixed populations.
Nutrition reviews, 2020Co-Authors: Jose R. Fernandez, Mark D ShiverAbstract:Differences among ethnic and racial groups in obesity-related traits have been clearly established in the scientific literature. To explore the Genetic component underlying these differences, the Genetic Admixture approach has been used. In this approach, ancestry informative Genetic markers are used to estimate a quantitative value representing the degree of ancestral background in individuals of admixed Genetic background. Genetic Admixture has been successfully used to explain racial and ethnic variation in obesity related traits; however, the understanding and measure of cultural and environmental components that also influence these phenotypes still requires further exploration.
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the role of racial Genetic Admixture with endometrial cancer outcomes an nrg oncology gynecologic oncology group study
Gynecologic Oncology, 2016Co-Authors: Rodney P Rocconi, Heather A Lankes, William E Brady, Paul J Goodfellow, Nilsa C Ramirez, Ronald D Alvarez, William T Creasman, Jose R. FernandezAbstract:Purpose Racial Genetic Admixture (RGA), a measure to account for ancestral Genetic background that correlates with individual's racial classification, could provide insights on causation of racial disparity in endometrial cancer (EC). Our objective is to evaluate the association of RGA with EC outcomes.
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The role of racial Genetic Admixture with endometrial cancer outcomes: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Gynecologic Oncology, 2015Co-Authors: Rodney P Rocconi, Heather A Lankes, William E Brady, Paul J Goodfellow, Nilsa C Ramirez, Ronald D Alvarez, William T Creasman, Jose R. FernandezAbstract:Purpose Racial Genetic Admixture (RGA), a measure to account for ancestral Genetic background that correlates with individual's racial classification, could provide insights on causation of racial disparity in endometrial cancer (EC). Our objective is to evaluate the association of RGA with EC outcomes.
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Genetic Admixture and Obesity: Recent Perspectives and Future Applications
Human Heredity, 2013Co-Authors: Jose R. Fernandez, Keith E. Pearson, Kenneth P. Kell, Michelle M Bohan BrownAbstract:The process of the colonization of the New World that occurred centuries ago served as a natural experiment, creating unique combinations of Genetic material in newly formed admixed populations. Through a Genetic Admixture approach, the identification and genotyping of ancestry informative markers have allowed for the estimation of proportions of ancestral parental populations among individuals in a sample. These Admixture estimates have been used in different ways to understand the Genetic contributions to individual variation in obesity and body composition parameters, particularly among diverse admixed groups known to differ in obesity prevalence within the United States. Although progress has been made through the use of Genetic Admixture approaches, further investigations are needed in order to explore the interaction of environmental factors with the degree of Genetic ancestry in individuals. A challenge to confront at this time would be to further stratify and define environments in progressively more granular terms, including nutrients, muscle biology, stress responses at the cellular level, and the social and built environments.
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Genetic Admixture social behavioural factors and body composition are associated with blood pressure differently by racial ethnic group among children
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2012Co-Authors: Yann C. Klimentidis, Krista Casazza, Akilah Dulinkeita, Amanda L Willig, David B Allison, Jose R. FernandezAbstract:Cardiovascular disease has a progressively earlier age of onset, and disproportionately affects African Americans in the US. It has been difficult to establish the extent to which group differences are due to physiological, Genetic, social, or behavioral factors. In this study, we examined the association between blood pressure and these factors among a sample of 294 children, identified as African-, European-, or Hispanic-American. We use body composition, behavioral (diet and physical activity), and survey-based measures (socio-economic status and perceived racial discrimination), as well as Genetic Admixture based on 142 ancestry informative markers (AIM) to examine associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We find that associations differ by ethnic/racial group. Notably, among African Americans, physical activity and perceived racial discrimination, but not African Genetic Admixture, are associated with blood pressure, while the association between blood pressure and body fat is nearly absent. We find an association between blood pressure and an AIM near a marker identified by a recent genome-wide association study. Our findings shed light on the differences in risk factors for elevated blood pressure among ethnic/racial groups, and the importance of including social and behavioral measures to grasp the full Genetic/environmental etiology of disparities in blood pressure.
Martin Prince - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactions between Genetic Admixture, ethnic identity, APOE genotype and dementia prevalence in an admixed Cuban sample; a cross-sectional population survey and nested case-control study
BMC Medical Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Beatriz Marcheco Teruel, Paul Mckeigue, Juan J. Llibre Rodriguez, Teresa Collazo Mesa T, Evelyn Fuentes, Adolfo Valhuerdi Cepero A, Milagros A. Guerra Hernández, Cleusa P. Ferri, Martin PrinceAbstract:Background The prevalence and incidence of dementia are low in Nigeria, but high among African-Americans. In these populations there is a high frequency of the risk-conferring APOE-e4 allele, but the risk ratio is less than in Europeans. In an admixed population of older Cubans we explored the effects of ethnic identity and Genetic Admixture on APOE genotype, its association with dementia, and dementia prevalence.
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interactions between Genetic Admixture ethnic identity apoe genotype and dementia prevalence in an admixed cuban sample a cross sectional population survey and nested case control study
BMC Medical Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Beatriz Marcheco Teruel, Paul Mckeigue, Teresa Collazo Mesa T, Evelyn Fuentes, Adolfo Valhuerdi Cepero A, Cleusa P. Ferri, Juan Llibre J Rodriguez, Milagros Guerra A Hernandez, Martin PrinceAbstract:The prevalence and incidence of dementia are low in Nigeria, but high among African-Americans. In these populations there is a high frequency of the risk-conferring APOE-e4 allele, but the risk ratio is less than in Europeans. In an admixed population of older Cubans we explored the effects of ethnic identity and Genetic Admixture on APOE genotype, its association with dementia, and dementia prevalence. A cross-sectional catchment area survey of 2928 residents aged 65 and over, with a nested case-control study of individual Admixture. Dementia diagnosis was established using 10/66 Dementia and DSM-IV criteria. APOE genotype was determined in 2520 participants, and Genetic Admixture in 235 dementia cases and 349 controls. Mean African Admixture proportions were 5.8% for 'white', 28.6% for 'mixed' and 49.6% for 'black' ethnic identities. All three groups were substantially admixed with considerable overlap. African Admixture was linearly related to number of APOE-e4 alleles. One or more APOE-e4 alleles was associated with dementia in 'white' and 'black' but not 'mixed' groups but neither this, nor the interaction between APOE-e4 and African Admixture (PR 0.52, 95% CI 0.13-2.08) were statistically significant. Neither ethnic identity nor African Admixture was associated with dementia prevalence when assessed separately. However, considering their joint effects African versus European Admixture was independently associated with a higher prevalence, and 'mixed' or 'black' identity with a lower prevalence of dementia. APOE genotype is strongly associated with ancestry. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether the concentration of the high-risk allele in those with African ancestry is offset by an attenuation of its effect. Counter to our hypothesis, African Admixture may be associated with higher risk of dementia. Although strongly correlated, effects of Admixture and ethnic identity should be distinguished when assessing Genetic and environmental contributions to disease risk in mixed ancestry populations.
Diethard Tautz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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northern range expansion of european populations of the wasp spider argiope bruennichi is associated with global warming correlated Genetic Admixture and population specific temperature adaptations
Molecular Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Henrik Krehenwinkel, Diethard TautzAbstract:Poleward range expansions are observed for an increasing number of species, which may be an effect of global warming during the past decades. However, it is still not clear in how far these expansions reflect simple geographical shifts of species ranges, or whether new Genetic adaptations play a role as well. Here, we analyse the expansion of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi into Northern Europe during the last century. We have used a range-wide sampling of contemporary populations and historical specimens from museums to trace the phylogeography and Genetic changes associated with the range shift. Based on the analysis of mitochondrial, microsatellite and SNP markers, we observe a higher level of Genetic diversity in the expanding populations, apparently due to Admixture of formerly isolated lineages. Using reciprocal transplant experiments for testing overwintering tolerance, as well as temperature preference and tolerance tests in the laboratory, we find that the invading spiders have possibly shifted their temperature niche. This may be a key adaptation for survival in Northern latitudes. The museum samples allow a reconstruction of the invasion’s Genetic history. A first, small-scale range shift started around 1930, in parallel with the onset of global warming. A more massive invasion of Northern Europe associated with Genetic Admixture and morphological changes occurred in later decades. We suggest that the latter range expansion into far Northern latitudes may be a consequence of the Admixture that provided the Genetic material for adaptations to new environmental regimes. Hence, global warming could have facilitated the initial Admixture of populations and this resulted in Genetic lineages with new habitat preferences.
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Northern range expansion of European populations of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi is associated with global warming–correlated Genetic Admixture and population‐specific temperature adaptations
Molecular Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Henrik Krehenwinkel, Diethard TautzAbstract:Poleward range expansions are observed for an increasing number of species, which may be an effect of global warming during the past decades. However, it is still not clear in how far these expansions reflect simple geographical shifts of species ranges, or whether new Genetic adaptations play a role as well. Here, we analyse the expansion of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi into Northern Europe during the last century. We have used a range-wide sampling of contemporary populations and historical specimens from museums to trace the phylogeography and Genetic changes associated with the range shift. Based on the analysis of mitochondrial, microsatellite and SNP markers, we observe a higher level of Genetic diversity in the expanding populations, apparently due to Admixture of formerly isolated lineages. Using reciprocal transplant experiments for testing overwintering tolerance, as well as temperature preference and tolerance tests in the laboratory, we find that the invading spiders have possibly shifted their temperature niche. This may be a key adaptation for survival in Northern latitudes. The museum samples allow a reconstruction of the invasion’s Genetic history. A first, small-scale range shift started around 1930, in parallel with the onset of global warming. A more massive invasion of Northern Europe associated with Genetic Admixture and morphological changes occurred in later decades. We suggest that the latter range expansion into far Northern latitudes may be a consequence of the Admixture that provided the Genetic material for adaptations to new environmental regimes. Hence, global warming could have facilitated the initial Admixture of populations and this resulted in Genetic lineages with new habitat preferences.
Yann C. Klimentidis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic Admixture social behavioural factors and body composition are associated with blood pressure differently by racial ethnic group among children
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2012Co-Authors: Yann C. Klimentidis, Krista Casazza, Akilah Dulinkeita, Amanda L Willig, David B Allison, Jose R. FernandezAbstract:Cardiovascular disease has a progressively earlier age of onset, and disproportionately affects African Americans in the US. It has been difficult to establish the extent to which group differences are due to physiological, Genetic, social, or behavioral factors. In this study, we examined the association between blood pressure and these factors among a sample of 294 children, identified as African-, European-, or Hispanic-American. We use body composition, behavioral (diet and physical activity), and survey-based measures (socio-economic status and perceived racial discrimination), as well as Genetic Admixture based on 142 ancestry informative markers (AIM) to examine associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We find that associations differ by ethnic/racial group. Notably, among African Americans, physical activity and perceived racial discrimination, but not African Genetic Admixture, are associated with blood pressure, while the association between blood pressure and body fat is nearly absent. We find an association between blood pressure and an AIM near a marker identified by a recent genome-wide association study. Our findings shed light on the differences in risk factors for elevated blood pressure among ethnic/racial groups, and the importance of including social and behavioral measures to grasp the full Genetic/environmental etiology of disparities in blood pressure.
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Genetic Admixture, social–behavioural factors and body composition are associated with blood pressure differently by racial–ethnic group among children
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2011Co-Authors: Yann C. Klimentidis, Krista Casazza, Akilah Dulin-keita, Amanda L Willig, David B Allison, Jose R. FernandezAbstract:Cardiovascular disease has a progressively earlier age of onset, and disproportionately affects African Americans in the US. It has been difficult to establish the extent to which group differences are due to physiological, Genetic, social, or behavioral factors. In this study, we examined the association between blood pressure and these factors among a sample of 294 children, identified as African-, European-, or Hispanic-American. We use body composition, behavioral (diet and physical activity), and survey-based measures (socio-economic status and perceived racial discrimination), as well as Genetic Admixture based on 142 ancestry informative markers (AIM) to examine associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We find that associations differ by ethnic/racial group. Notably, among African Americans, physical activity and perceived racial discrimination, but not African Genetic Admixture, are associated with blood pressure, while the association between blood pressure and body fat is nearly absent. We find an association between blood pressure and an AIM near a marker identified by a recent genome-wide association study. Our findings shed light on the differences in risk factors for elevated blood pressure among ethnic/racial groups, and the importance of including social and behavioral measures to grasp the full Genetic/environmental etiology of disparities in blood pressure.
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The relationship between European Genetic Admixture and body composition among Hispanics and Native Americans
American Journal of Human Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Yann C. Klimentidis, Geoffrey P. Miller, Mark D ShriverAbstract:Previous studies have shown a relationship between health-related phenotypes and the degree of African, European, or Native American Genetic Admixture, indicating that there may be a Genetic component to these phenotypes. However, these relationships may be driven to a large extent by the environmental differences that co-vary with Admixture differences between and within groups. In this study, we examine the relationship between Genetic Admixture and two phenotypic measurements that are potentially related to health: body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF). In addition to Admixture proportions, we attempt to assess the influence of some environmental covariates by examining how the phenotypes vary with self-reported household income, education of parents, and physical activity level. Genetic, anthropometric, and environmental data were collected from 170 self-reported Hispanic and Native American university students in Albuquerque, NM. We examine the relationships between Genetic Admixture, phenotype, and environment in both the full sample, as well as in Hispanics and Native Americans separately. Among Hispanics, we find no significant relationship between Genetic Admixture and body composition. Among Native Americans, despite a small sample size, we find a statistically significant, negative relationship between European Genetic Admixture and PBF and BMI, after adjusting for other predictor variables. We compare our findings to previous research, and discuss their implications for understanding health disparities within and between ethnic groups. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Beatriz Marcheco Teruel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactions between Genetic Admixture, ethnic identity, APOE genotype and dementia prevalence in an admixed Cuban sample; a cross-sectional population survey and nested case-control study
BMC Medical Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Beatriz Marcheco Teruel, Paul Mckeigue, Juan J. Llibre Rodriguez, Teresa Collazo Mesa T, Evelyn Fuentes, Adolfo Valhuerdi Cepero A, Milagros A. Guerra Hernández, Cleusa P. Ferri, Martin PrinceAbstract:Background The prevalence and incidence of dementia are low in Nigeria, but high among African-Americans. In these populations there is a high frequency of the risk-conferring APOE-e4 allele, but the risk ratio is less than in Europeans. In an admixed population of older Cubans we explored the effects of ethnic identity and Genetic Admixture on APOE genotype, its association with dementia, and dementia prevalence.
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interactions between Genetic Admixture ethnic identity apoe genotype and dementia prevalence in an admixed cuban sample a cross sectional population survey and nested case control study
BMC Medical Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Beatriz Marcheco Teruel, Paul Mckeigue, Teresa Collazo Mesa T, Evelyn Fuentes, Adolfo Valhuerdi Cepero A, Cleusa P. Ferri, Juan Llibre J Rodriguez, Milagros Guerra A Hernandez, Martin PrinceAbstract:The prevalence and incidence of dementia are low in Nigeria, but high among African-Americans. In these populations there is a high frequency of the risk-conferring APOE-e4 allele, but the risk ratio is less than in Europeans. In an admixed population of older Cubans we explored the effects of ethnic identity and Genetic Admixture on APOE genotype, its association with dementia, and dementia prevalence. A cross-sectional catchment area survey of 2928 residents aged 65 and over, with a nested case-control study of individual Admixture. Dementia diagnosis was established using 10/66 Dementia and DSM-IV criteria. APOE genotype was determined in 2520 participants, and Genetic Admixture in 235 dementia cases and 349 controls. Mean African Admixture proportions were 5.8% for 'white', 28.6% for 'mixed' and 49.6% for 'black' ethnic identities. All three groups were substantially admixed with considerable overlap. African Admixture was linearly related to number of APOE-e4 alleles. One or more APOE-e4 alleles was associated with dementia in 'white' and 'black' but not 'mixed' groups but neither this, nor the interaction between APOE-e4 and African Admixture (PR 0.52, 95% CI 0.13-2.08) were statistically significant. Neither ethnic identity nor African Admixture was associated with dementia prevalence when assessed separately. However, considering their joint effects African versus European Admixture was independently associated with a higher prevalence, and 'mixed' or 'black' identity with a lower prevalence of dementia. APOE genotype is strongly associated with ancestry. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether the concentration of the high-risk allele in those with African ancestry is offset by an attenuation of its effect. Counter to our hypothesis, African Admixture may be associated with higher risk of dementia. Although strongly correlated, effects of Admixture and ethnic identity should be distinguished when assessing Genetic and environmental contributions to disease risk in mixed ancestry populations.