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E Noe Z Dobrea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrated silicate minErals on mars observed by the mars reconnaissance orbiter crism instrument
Nature, 2008Co-Authors: John F Mustard, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey, B L Ehlmann, R E Milliken, John A Grant, J P Bibring, F Poulet, Janice L Bishop, E Noe Z DobreaAbstract:Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous minEral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la MinEralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie) instrument, preserve a record of the intEraction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of minEralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest Geological Era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (modErate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest Era of Mars's history. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate minEralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.
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Hydrated silicate minErals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
Nature, 2008Co-Authors: John F Mustard, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey, B L Ehlmann, R E Milliken, John A Grant, J P Bibring, F Poulet, J. Bishop, E Noe Z DobreaAbstract:Results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions are reported. It is discovered that stratigraphic relationships show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. It is also found phyllosilicates in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water, pointing to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous minEral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la MinEralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument^ 1 , 2 , preserve a record of the intEraction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of minEralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest Geological Era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (modErate to high pH and high water activity^ 3 ) were specific to surface environments during the earliest Era of Mars’s history^ 4 . Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)^ 4 of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate minEralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. The Mars Phoenix mission has sent back images of what — before it melted away — looked like water ice. Meanwhile our knowledge of the planet's distant watery past is being refined by the instruments on-board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The presence of interlayered hydrated silicate (phyllosilicate) minErals on Mars preserves a record of past intEractions between liquid water and rocks. The phyllosilicates are restricted to ancient terrains dating from the earliest geologic Era of Mars, the Noachian, and previous data suggested that phyllosilicates existed within a relatively narrow range of minEralogy. The latest spectromety data from the Reconnaissance Orbiter are consistent with an ancient Noachian origin for the phyllosilicates — but point to a much more varied minEralogy indicative of active, pervasive hydrologic processes throughout the crust of early Mars, including the surface.
Frédéric Gazeau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea: pelagic mesocosm experiments. A synthesis
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2017Co-Authors: Laure Maugendre, Cécile Guieu, Jean-pierre Gattuso, Frédéric GazeauAbstract:Planet Earth has entered a new Geological Era, the Anthropocene, in which Geologically significant conditions and processes are profoundly altered by human activities (Waters et al., 2016). Among many impacts, human activities have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere leading to warming and ocean acidification: a decrease in pH and CO32- concentration and an increase in CO2 and HCO3- concentrations (Gattuso and Hansson, 2011). On avErage, at the global scale, surface ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 units since the beginning of the industrial Era, equivalent to an increased acidity of 26% (Ciais et al., 2013). An additional decrease of pH is expected by 2100, ranging from 0.07 to 0.33, depending on the CO2 emission scenario considered (Gattuso et al., 2015).
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Ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea: Pelagic mesocosm experiments. A synthesis
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2017Co-Authors: Laure Maugendre, Cécile Guieu, Jean-pierre Gattuso, Frédéric GazeauAbstract:International audiencePlanet Earth has entered a new Geological Era, the Anthropocene, in which Geologically significant conditions and processes are profoundly altered by human activities (Waters et al., 2016). Among many impacts, human activities have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere leading to warming and ocean acidification: a decrease in pH and CO32- concentration and an increase in CO2 and HCO3- concentrations (Gattuso and Hansson, 2011). On avErage, at the global scale, surface ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 units since the beginning of the industrial Era, equivalent to an increased acidity of 26% (Ciais et al., 2013). An additional decrease of pH is expected by 2100, ranging from 0.07 to 0.33, depending on the CO2 emission scenario considered (Gattuso et al., 2015)
John F Mustard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrated silicate minErals on mars observed by the mars reconnaissance orbiter crism instrument
Nature, 2008Co-Authors: John F Mustard, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey, B L Ehlmann, R E Milliken, John A Grant, J P Bibring, F Poulet, Janice L Bishop, E Noe Z DobreaAbstract:Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous minEral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la MinEralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie) instrument, preserve a record of the intEraction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of minEralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest Geological Era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (modErate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest Era of Mars's history. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate minEralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.
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Hydrated silicate minErals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
Nature, 2008Co-Authors: John F Mustard, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey, B L Ehlmann, R E Milliken, John A Grant, J P Bibring, F Poulet, J. Bishop, E Noe Z DobreaAbstract:Results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions are reported. It is discovered that stratigraphic relationships show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. It is also found phyllosilicates in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water, pointing to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous minEral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la MinEralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument^ 1 , 2 , preserve a record of the intEraction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of minEralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest Geological Era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (modErate to high pH and high water activity^ 3 ) were specific to surface environments during the earliest Era of Mars’s history^ 4 . Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)^ 4 of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate minEralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. The Mars Phoenix mission has sent back images of what — before it melted away — looked like water ice. Meanwhile our knowledge of the planet's distant watery past is being refined by the instruments on-board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The presence of interlayered hydrated silicate (phyllosilicate) minErals on Mars preserves a record of past intEractions between liquid water and rocks. The phyllosilicates are restricted to ancient terrains dating from the earliest geologic Era of Mars, the Noachian, and previous data suggested that phyllosilicates existed within a relatively narrow range of minEralogy. The latest spectromety data from the Reconnaissance Orbiter are consistent with an ancient Noachian origin for the phyllosilicates — but point to a much more varied minEralogy indicative of active, pervasive hydrologic processes throughout the crust of early Mars, including the surface.
Laure Maugendre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea: pelagic mesocosm experiments. A synthesis
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2017Co-Authors: Laure Maugendre, Cécile Guieu, Jean-pierre Gattuso, Frédéric GazeauAbstract:Planet Earth has entered a new Geological Era, the Anthropocene, in which Geologically significant conditions and processes are profoundly altered by human activities (Waters et al., 2016). Among many impacts, human activities have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere leading to warming and ocean acidification: a decrease in pH and CO32- concentration and an increase in CO2 and HCO3- concentrations (Gattuso and Hansson, 2011). On avErage, at the global scale, surface ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 units since the beginning of the industrial Era, equivalent to an increased acidity of 26% (Ciais et al., 2013). An additional decrease of pH is expected by 2100, ranging from 0.07 to 0.33, depending on the CO2 emission scenario considered (Gattuso et al., 2015).
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Ocean acidification in the Mediterranean Sea: Pelagic mesocosm experiments. A synthesis
Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2017Co-Authors: Laure Maugendre, Cécile Guieu, Jean-pierre Gattuso, Frédéric GazeauAbstract:International audiencePlanet Earth has entered a new Geological Era, the Anthropocene, in which Geologically significant conditions and processes are profoundly altered by human activities (Waters et al., 2016). Among many impacts, human activities have released excessive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere leading to warming and ocean acidification: a decrease in pH and CO32- concentration and an increase in CO2 and HCO3- concentrations (Gattuso and Hansson, 2011). On avErage, at the global scale, surface ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 units since the beginning of the industrial Era, equivalent to an increased acidity of 26% (Ciais et al., 2013). An additional decrease of pH is expected by 2100, ranging from 0.07 to 0.33, depending on the CO2 emission scenario considered (Gattuso et al., 2015)
S L Murchie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrated silicate minErals on mars observed by the mars reconnaissance orbiter crism instrument
Nature, 2008Co-Authors: John F Mustard, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey, B L Ehlmann, R E Milliken, John A Grant, J P Bibring, F Poulet, Janice L Bishop, E Noe Z DobreaAbstract:Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous minEral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la MinEralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie) instrument, preserve a record of the intEraction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of minEralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest Geological Era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (modErate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest Era of Mars's history. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate minEralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.
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Hydrated silicate minErals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument
Nature, 2008Co-Authors: John F Mustard, S L Murchie, S M Pelkey, B L Ehlmann, R E Milliken, John A Grant, J P Bibring, F Poulet, J. Bishop, E Noe Z DobreaAbstract:Results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions are reported. It is discovered that stratigraphic relationships show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. It is also found phyllosilicates in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water, pointing to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous minEral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la MinEralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument^ 1 , 2 , preserve a record of the intEraction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of minEralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest Geological Era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (modErate to high pH and high water activity^ 3 ) were specific to surface environments during the earliest Era of Mars’s history^ 4 . Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)^ 4 of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate minEralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous altEration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. The Mars Phoenix mission has sent back images of what — before it melted away — looked like water ice. Meanwhile our knowledge of the planet's distant watery past is being refined by the instruments on-board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The presence of interlayered hydrated silicate (phyllosilicate) minErals on Mars preserves a record of past intEractions between liquid water and rocks. The phyllosilicates are restricted to ancient terrains dating from the earliest geologic Era of Mars, the Noachian, and previous data suggested that phyllosilicates existed within a relatively narrow range of minEralogy. The latest spectromety data from the Reconnaissance Orbiter are consistent with an ancient Noachian origin for the phyllosilicates — but point to a much more varied minEralogy indicative of active, pervasive hydrologic processes throughout the crust of early Mars, including the surface.