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Caitilyn Allen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of latent infections of ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 in Geranium
Plant Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Jill K Swanson, Luis Montes, Luis C Mejia, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 is a regulated quarantine pathogen that infects solanaceous hosts such as potato as well as Geranium, where it causes either bacterial wilt (also known as Southern Wilt) or a symptomless latent infection. Geranium growers and government regulators need reliable detection methods to identify infected plant material before it is exported. We previously found that R. solanacearum-infected Geranium plants can shed millions of bacteria in effluent water that flows from pots. We tested a nondestructive sampling method wherein effluent water from infected plants grown under commercial conditions was both dilution plated and filter concentrated for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Under field conditions in Guatemala, effluent shedding of infected Geranium plants was highly variable. Comprehensive growth chamber studies confirmed that latently infected and mildly symptomatic Geranium plants often but not invariably shed detectable numbers of bacteria in the...
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behavior of ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 during latent and active infection of Geranium
Phytopathology, 2005Co-Authors: Jill K Swanson, Jian Yao, Julie Tanskersten, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Southern wilt of Geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum), caused by the soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), has inflicted significant economic losses when Geranium cuttings latently infected with this quarantine pest were imported into the United States. Little is known about the interaction between R. solanacearum and this ornamental host. Using UW551, a virulent R3bv2 Geranium isolate from a Kenyan Geranium, we characterized development of Southern wilt disease and R3bv2 latent infection on Geranium plants. Following soil inoculation, between 12 and 26% of plants became latently infected, carrying average bacterial populations of 4.8 × 108 CFU/g of crown tissue in the absence of visible symptoms. Such latently infected plants shed an average of 1.3 × 105 CFU/ml in soil run-off water, suggesting a non-destructive means of testing pools of asymptomatic plants. Similarly, symptomatic plants shed 2 × 106 CFU/ml of run-off water. A few hundred R. solanacearum cells introduce...
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium ...
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium and potato. The presence of R. solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 in the United States raises concern that the bacterium could move from ornamental plants into potato fields, where it could cause both direct economic damage and quarantine problems. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for R. solanacearum produced some false negatives for these strains, indicating that current indexing may not be sufficient to identify this destructive pathogen.
Lynn L Williamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium ...
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium and potato. The presence of R. solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 in the United States raises concern that the bacterium could move from ornamental plants into potato fields, where it could cause both direct economic damage and quarantine problems. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for R. solanacearum produced some false negatives for these strains, indicating that current indexing may not be sufficient to identify this destructive pathogen.
B D Hudelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium ...
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium and potato. The presence of R. solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 in the United States raises concern that the bacterium could move from ornamental plants into potato fields, where it could cause both direct economic damage and quarantine problems. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for R. solanacearum produced some false negatives for these strains, indicating that current indexing may not be sufficient to identify this destructive pathogen.
Kazuhiro Nakaho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium ...
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ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 strains isolated from Geranium are pathogenic on potato
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: Lynn L Williamson, Kazuhiro Nakaho, B D Hudelson, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 is a soilborne bacterium that causes potato brown rot disease in temperate and subtropical climates. Recent outbreaks of this disease in Europe have caused serious losses, but the pathogen had not been identified in the United States. However, in 1999, strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from wilting Geraniums growing in Wisconsin greenhouses. Physiological and biochemical tests of the Wisconsin strains and a similar strain from South Dakota demonstrated that the strains belong to R. solanacearum subgroup biovar 2, which is largely synonymous with the race 3 subgroup, a classification based on host range. These results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analyses in which race 3, biovar 2-specific primers amplified a fragment of the expected size. This is the first report of race 3, biovar 2 in the United States, and it is the first known occurrence of race 3, biovar 2 in Wiscon-sin. The Geranium strains were highly pathogenic on both Geranium and potato. The presence of R. solanacearum race 3, biovar 2 in the United States raises concern that the bacterium could move from ornamental plants into potato fields, where it could cause both direct economic damage and quarantine problems. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for R. solanacearum produced some false negatives for these strains, indicating that current indexing may not be sufficient to identify this destructive pathogen.
Jill K Swanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of latent infections of ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 in Geranium
Plant Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Jill K Swanson, Luis Montes, Luis C Mejia, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 is a regulated quarantine pathogen that infects solanaceous hosts such as potato as well as Geranium, where it causes either bacterial wilt (also known as Southern Wilt) or a symptomless latent infection. Geranium growers and government regulators need reliable detection methods to identify infected plant material before it is exported. We previously found that R. solanacearum-infected Geranium plants can shed millions of bacteria in effluent water that flows from pots. We tested a nondestructive sampling method wherein effluent water from infected plants grown under commercial conditions was both dilution plated and filter concentrated for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Under field conditions in Guatemala, effluent shedding of infected Geranium plants was highly variable. Comprehensive growth chamber studies confirmed that latently infected and mildly symptomatic Geranium plants often but not invariably shed detectable numbers of bacteria in the...
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behavior of ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 during latent and active infection of Geranium
Phytopathology, 2005Co-Authors: Jill K Swanson, Jian Yao, Julie Tanskersten, Caitilyn AllenAbstract:ABSTRACT Southern wilt of Geraniums (Pelargonium hortorum), caused by the soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), has inflicted significant economic losses when Geranium cuttings latently infected with this quarantine pest were imported into the United States. Little is known about the interaction between R. solanacearum and this ornamental host. Using UW551, a virulent R3bv2 Geranium isolate from a Kenyan Geranium, we characterized development of Southern wilt disease and R3bv2 latent infection on Geranium plants. Following soil inoculation, between 12 and 26% of plants became latently infected, carrying average bacterial populations of 4.8 × 108 CFU/g of crown tissue in the absence of visible symptoms. Such latently infected plants shed an average of 1.3 × 105 CFU/ml in soil run-off water, suggesting a non-destructive means of testing pools of asymptomatic plants. Similarly, symptomatic plants shed 2 × 106 CFU/ml of run-off water. A few hundred R. solanacearum cells introduce...