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Chunsu Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
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ginsenosides from american Ginseng chemical and pharmacological diversity
Phytochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu YuanAbstract:Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Compared to the long history of use and widespread research on Asian Ginseng, the study of American Ginseng is relatively limited. In the past decade, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology and structure-function relationship of American Ginseng. To date, there is no systematic review of American Ginseng. In this review, the different structures of the ginsenosides in American Ginseng are described, including naturally occurring compounds and those resulting from steaming or biotransformation. Preclinical and clinical studies published in the past decade are also discussed. Highlighted are the chemical and pharmacological diversity and potential structural-activity relationship of ginsenosides. The goal is that this article is a useful reference to chemists and biologists researching American Ginseng, and will open the door to agents in drug discovery.
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red notoGinseng higher ginsenoside content and stronger anticancer potential than asian and american Ginseng
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Shi Sun, Chongzhi Wang, Sangeeta R Mehendale, Chunsu YuanAbstract:Abstract A systematic comparison of the ginsenosides and anticancer activities was performed amongst white (air-dried) and red (steamed) roots of notoGinseng (NG, Panax notoGinseng), Asian Ginseng (AG, Panax Ginseng), and American Ginseng (AmG, Panax quinquefolius). Chemical profiles of different Ginseng species were characterised, through simultaneous quantification of 19 major ginsenosides, by HPLC–UV at 202 nm. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on human colorectal cancer cells were determined by MTS method and flow cytometry, respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that white NG possessed the most abundant ginsenosides, i.e., 2- and 5-fold higher than white AmG and AG. During the steaming process, extensive conversion of the original polar ginsenosides in white Ginseng to new, less polar, degradation compounds in red Ginseng was observed. White Ginsengs produced weak antiproliferative effects, while red Ginsengs exhibited a significant increase in antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects (both p
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chemical and pharmacological studies of saponins with a focus on american Ginseng
Journal of Ginseng Research, 2010Co-Authors: Chunsu Yuan, Chongzhi Wang, Sheila M Wicks, Lianwen QiAbstract:Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) are the two most recognized Ginseng botanicals. It is believed that the Ginseng saponins called ginsenosides are the major active constituents in both Ginsengs. Although American Ginseng is not as extensively studied as Asian Ginseng, it is one of the best selling herbs in the US, and has garnered increasing attention from scientists in recent years. In this article, after a brief introduction of the distribution and cultivation of American Ginseng, we discuss chemical analysis of saponins from these two Ginsengs, i.e., their similarities and differences. Subsequently, we review pharmacological effects of the saponins, including the effects on the cardiovascular system, immune system, and central nervous system as well as the anti-diabetes and anti-cancer effects. These investigations were mainly derived from American Ginseng studies. We also discuss evidence suggesting that chemical modifications of Ginseng saponins would be a valuable approach to develop novel compounds in drug discovery.
Chongzhi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
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American Ginseng suppresses Western diet-promoted tumorigenesis in model of inflammation-associated colon cancer: role of EGFR.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Urszula Dougherty, Anirudh Kulkarni, Chongzhi Wang, Mark W Musch, Reba Mustafi, Vani J A Konda, Yunwei Wang, John Hart, Glyn DawsonAbstract:Western diets increase colon cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that Ginseng can inhibit colon cancer development. In this study we asked if Ginseng could inhibit Western diet (20% fat) promoted colonic tumorigenesis and if compound K, a microbial metabolite of Ginseng could suppress colon cancer xenograft growth. Mice were initiated with azoxymethane (AOM) and, two weeks later fed a Western diet (WD, 20% fat) alone, or WD supplemented with 250-ppm Ginseng. After 1 wk, mice received 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and were sacrificed 12 wks after AOM. Tumors were harvested and cell proliferation measured by Ki67 staining and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Levels of EGF-related signaling molecules and apoptosis regulators were determined by Western blotting. Anti-tumor effects of intraperitoneal compound K were examined using a tumor xenograft model and compound K absorption measured following oral Ginseng gavage by UPLC-mass spectrometry. Effects of dietary Ginseng on microbial diversity were measured by analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA. Ginseng significantly inhibited colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis and concomitantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. The EGFR cascade was up-regulated in colonic tumors and Ginseng significantly reduced EGFR and ErbB2 activation and Cox-2 expression. Dietary Ginseng altered colonic microbial diversity, and bacterial suppression with metronidazole reduced serum compound K following Ginseng gavage. Furthermore, compound K significantly inhibited tumor xenograft growth. Ginseng inhibited colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis promoted by Western diet. We speculate that the Ginseng metabolite compound K contributes to the chemopreventive effects of this agent in colonic tumorigenesis.
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ginsenosides from american Ginseng chemical and pharmacological diversity
Phytochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu YuanAbstract:Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products in the world. Compared to the long history of use and widespread research on Asian Ginseng, the study of American Ginseng is relatively limited. In the past decade, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology and structure-function relationship of American Ginseng. To date, there is no systematic review of American Ginseng. In this review, the different structures of the ginsenosides in American Ginseng are described, including naturally occurring compounds and those resulting from steaming or biotransformation. Preclinical and clinical studies published in the past decade are also discussed. Highlighted are the chemical and pharmacological diversity and potential structural-activity relationship of ginsenosides. The goal is that this article is a useful reference to chemists and biologists researching American Ginseng, and will open the door to agents in drug discovery.
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red notoGinseng higher ginsenoside content and stronger anticancer potential than asian and american Ginseng
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Shi Sun, Chongzhi Wang, Sangeeta R Mehendale, Chunsu YuanAbstract:Abstract A systematic comparison of the ginsenosides and anticancer activities was performed amongst white (air-dried) and red (steamed) roots of notoGinseng (NG, Panax notoGinseng), Asian Ginseng (AG, Panax Ginseng), and American Ginseng (AmG, Panax quinquefolius). Chemical profiles of different Ginseng species were characterised, through simultaneous quantification of 19 major ginsenosides, by HPLC–UV at 202 nm. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on human colorectal cancer cells were determined by MTS method and flow cytometry, respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that white NG possessed the most abundant ginsenosides, i.e., 2- and 5-fold higher than white AmG and AG. During the steaming process, extensive conversion of the original polar ginsenosides in white Ginseng to new, less polar, degradation compounds in red Ginseng was observed. White Ginsengs produced weak antiproliferative effects, while red Ginsengs exhibited a significant increase in antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects (both p
Wei Du - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
R B Van Breemen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to distinguish panax Ginseng c a meyer asian Ginseng and panax quinquefolius l north american Ginseng
Analytical Chemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Hongjie Zhang, D V C Awang, John F Fitzloff, H H S Fong, R B Van BreemenAbstract:A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed to distinguish Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer) and North American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.). The method is based on the baseline chromatographic separation of ginsenoside Rf and 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11, two potential chemical markers present in Ginseng root methanolic extracts, and their unambiguous on-line identification using tandem mass spectrometry. Consistent with the literature, 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 was detected in abundance in North American Ginseng roots in excess of 0.1% (w/w) of the dried root. In contrast to some reports, 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 was also identified in Asian Ginseng roots at trace levels using LC-MS-MS but at less than 0.0001% (w/w). Besides showing identical tandem mass spectra to authentic 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11, the corresponding compound in Asian Ginseng root coeluted with standard under different HPLC conditions, thus confirming this compound as 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11. Another ginsenoside often used to distinguish Asian and North American Ginseng, ginsenoside Rf, was found in abundance in Asian Ginseng roots at more than 0.021% (w/w). In Asian Ginseng roots, the ratio of ginsenoside Rf to 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 exceeded 700:1. The limit of detection of ginsenoside Rf or 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 was 120 pg injected on-column, and the limit of quantification was 240 pg on-column. In summary, LC-MS-MS analysis of Ginseng products for the presence and ratio of ginsenoside Rf and 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 may be used for the unambiguous identification of Asian and North American Ginsengs.
Charles H Du - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.
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Ginseng metabolite protopanaxadiol induces sestrin2 expression and ampk activation through gcn2 and perk
Cell Death and Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Charles H Du, Chongzhi Wang, Chunsu Yuan, Wei DuAbstract:Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs that is believed to have a variety of biological activities, including reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetes activities. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we showed that protopanaxadiol (PPD), a metabolite of the protopanaxadiol group ginsenosides that are the major pharmacological constituents of Ginsengs, significantly altered the expression of genes involved in metabolism, elevated Sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression, activated AMPK, and induced autophagy. Using CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene editing and shRNA-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that Sesn2 is required for PPD-induced AMPK activation and autophagy. Interestingly, we showed that PPD-induced Sesn2 expression is mediated redundantly by the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid-sensing pathway and the PERK/ATF4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Our results suggest that Ginseng metabolite PPD modulates the metabolism of amino acids and lipids, leading to the activation of the stress-sensing kinases GCN2 and PERK to induce Sesn2 expression, which promotes AMPK activation, autophagy, and metabolic health.