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Jens J. Holst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oxyntomodulin and Glicentin may predict the effect of bariatric surgery on food preferences and weight loss
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Christian Ritz, Nicolai Wewer J Albrechtsen, Carel Le W Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P < .01) and were associated with a larger decrease in energy density (P ≤ .04). No associations were found for GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin, and changes were not associated with changes in energy intake. When combing all hormones, 60%, 19%, and 33% of the variations in weight loss, energy intake, and energy density, respectively, could be explained. CONCLUSION Postprandial responses of gastrointestinal hormones differed between RYGB and SG. Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a better weight loss and were associated with a decreased preference for energy-dense foods. Replication of these results could imply an opportunity to identify patients in need of additional support after surgical treatments of obesity.
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Oxyntomodulin and Glicentin May Predict the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Food Preferences and Weight Loss.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Christian Ritz, Carel W. Le Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P
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The intestinal distribution pattern of appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides in mice, rats and pigs
BMC research notes, 2016Co-Authors: Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Rune E. Kuhre, Signe Toräng, Jens J. HolstAbstract:Mice, rats, and pigs are the three most used animal models when studying gastrointestinal peptide hormones; however their distribution from the duodenum to the distal colon has not been characterized systematically across mice, rats and pigs. We therefore performed a comparative distribution analysis of the tissue content of the major appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-2), oxyntomodulin/Glicentin, neurotensin, and peptide YY (PYY) from the duodenum to distal colon in mice (n = 9), rats (n = 9) and pigs (n = 8), using validated radioimmunoassays. GLP-1, GLP-2 and oxyntomodulin/Glicentin show similar patterns of distribution within the respective species, but for rats and pigs the highest levels were found in the distal small intestine, whereas for the mouse the highest level was found in the distal colon. In rats and pigs, neurotensin was predominantly detected in mid and lower part of the small intestine, while the mouse showed the highest levels in the distal small intestine. In contrast, the distribution of GIP was restricted to the proximal small intestine in all three species. Most surprisingly, in the pig PYY was found in large amounts in the proximal part of the small intestine whereas both rats and mice had undetectable levels until the distal small intestine. In summary, the distribution patterns of extractable GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin/Glicentin, neurotensin are preserved across species whereas PYY distribution showed marked differences.
Anders Sjödin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oxyntomodulin and Glicentin may predict the effect of bariatric surgery on food preferences and weight loss
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Christian Ritz, Nicolai Wewer J Albrechtsen, Carel Le W Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P < .01) and were associated with a larger decrease in energy density (P ≤ .04). No associations were found for GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin, and changes were not associated with changes in energy intake. When combing all hormones, 60%, 19%, and 33% of the variations in weight loss, energy intake, and energy density, respectively, could be explained. CONCLUSION Postprandial responses of gastrointestinal hormones differed between RYGB and SG. Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a better weight loss and were associated with a decreased preference for energy-dense foods. Replication of these results could imply an opportunity to identify patients in need of additional support after surgical treatments of obesity.
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Oxyntomodulin and Glicentin May Predict the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Food Preferences and Weight Loss.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Christian Ritz, Carel W. Le Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P
Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Proglucagon peptide secretion profiles in type 2 diabetes before and after bariatric surgery: 1-year prospective study.
BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020Co-Authors: Kleopatra Alexiadou, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Joyceline Cuenco, James W Howard, Ibiyemi Ilesanmi, Anna Kamocka, George Tharakan, Preeshila Behary, Paul Bech, Ahmed R. AhmedAbstract:Introduction Hyperglucagonemia is a key pathophysiological driver of type 2 diabetes. Although Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a highly effective treatment for diabetes, it is presently unclear how surgery alters glucagon physiology. The aim of this study was to characterize the behavior of proglucagon-derived peptide (glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, Glicentin) secretion after RYGB surgery. Research design and methods Prospective study of 19 patients with obesity and pre-diabetes/diabetes undergoing RYGB. We assessed the glucose, insulin, GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), oxyntomodulin, Glicentin and glucagon responses to a mixed-meal test (MMT) before and 1, 3 and 12 months after surgery. Glucagon was measured using a Mercodia glucagon ELISA using the ‘Alternative’ improved specificity protocol, which was validated against a reference liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry method. Results After RYGB, there were early improvements in fasting glucose and glucose tolerance and the insulin response to MMT was accelerated and amplified, in parallel to significant increases in postprandial GLP-1, oxyntomodulin and Glicentin secretion. There was a significant decrease in fasting glucagon levels at the later time points of 3 and 12 months after surgery. Glucagon was secreted in response to the MMT preoperatively and postoperatively in all patients and there was no significant change in this postprandial secretion. There was no significant change in GIP secretion. Conclusions There is a clear difference in the dynamics of secretion of proglucagon peptides after RYGB. The reduction in fasting glucagon secretion may be one of the mechanisms driving later improvements in glycemia after RYGB. Trial registration number NCT01945840.
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Oxyntomodulin and Glicentin May Predict the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Food Preferences and Weight Loss.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Christian Ritz, Carel W. Le Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P
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The intestinal distribution pattern of appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides in mice, rats and pigs
BMC research notes, 2016Co-Authors: Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Rune E. Kuhre, Signe Toräng, Jens J. HolstAbstract:Mice, rats, and pigs are the three most used animal models when studying gastrointestinal peptide hormones; however their distribution from the duodenum to the distal colon has not been characterized systematically across mice, rats and pigs. We therefore performed a comparative distribution analysis of the tissue content of the major appetite- and glucose regulatory peptides: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-2), oxyntomodulin/Glicentin, neurotensin, and peptide YY (PYY) from the duodenum to distal colon in mice (n = 9), rats (n = 9) and pigs (n = 8), using validated radioimmunoassays. GLP-1, GLP-2 and oxyntomodulin/Glicentin show similar patterns of distribution within the respective species, but for rats and pigs the highest levels were found in the distal small intestine, whereas for the mouse the highest level was found in the distal colon. In rats and pigs, neurotensin was predominantly detected in mid and lower part of the small intestine, while the mouse showed the highest levels in the distal small intestine. In contrast, the distribution of GIP was restricted to the proximal small intestine in all three species. Most surprisingly, in the pig PYY was found in large amounts in the proximal part of the small intestine whereas both rats and mice had undetectable levels until the distal small intestine. In summary, the distribution patterns of extractable GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin/Glicentin, neurotensin are preserved across species whereas PYY distribution showed marked differences.
Mette S. Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oxyntomodulin and Glicentin may predict the effect of bariatric surgery on food preferences and weight loss
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Christian Ritz, Nicolai Wewer J Albrechtsen, Carel Le W Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P < .01) and were associated with a larger decrease in energy density (P ≤ .04). No associations were found for GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin, and changes were not associated with changes in energy intake. When combing all hormones, 60%, 19%, and 33% of the variations in weight loss, energy intake, and energy density, respectively, could be explained. CONCLUSION Postprandial responses of gastrointestinal hormones differed between RYGB and SG. Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a better weight loss and were associated with a decreased preference for energy-dense foods. Replication of these results could imply an opportunity to identify patients in need of additional support after surgical treatments of obesity.
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Oxyntomodulin and Glicentin May Predict the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Food Preferences and Weight Loss.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2020Co-Authors: Mette S. Nielsen, Jens J. Holst, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Christian Ritz, Carel W. Le Roux, Anders SjödinAbstract:BACKGROUND Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences. METHODS Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery. RESULTS Postprandial concentrations of Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of Glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P
K. Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contraction induced by Glicentin on smooth muscle cells from the human colon is abolished by exendin (9-39).
Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 2005Co-Authors: S. E. Ayachi, K. Sasaki, F. Borie, R. Magous, D. Le Nguyen, J.-p. Bali, B. Millat, C. JarrousseAbstract:Glicentin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) are gut hormones released during digestion. Glicentin and GLP-1 slow down gastric emptying and Glicentin can switch off the duodenojejunal fed motor pattern. The effect of Glicentin on the motor activity of colon has never been reported in humans. Our aim was to determine if circular smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the human colon are target cells for Glicentin or GLP-1, and if their motility is dependent upon these digestive hormones. METHODS: Twenty-two resections were performed on patients operated for colon adenocarcinoma. The SMC were isolated from colonic circular muscle layer and cell contraction was assessed. RESULTS: Glicentin caused a dose-related contraction of SMC, when GLP-1 determined a contraction of weak amplitude. Exendin-(9-39), described as a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, inhibited contraction due to Glicentin or GLP-1. In contrast, on antral SMC from rabbit, GLP-1 exerts neither relaxation nor contraction; however, exendin-(9-39) dose dependently reduced the contractile activity of Glicentin [Glicentin EC(50) = 5 pM, exendin-(9-39) pA(2) = -9.36]. CONCLUSIONS: The circular muscle from the human colon is a target tissue for Glicentin and GLP-1. Whereas Glicentin is a long-life digestive hormone which would contribute to segmental contraction, the biological activity of GLP-1 remains unknown on this tissue. On the digestive smooth muscle, exendin-(9-39) behaved as an antagonist for two members of the glucagon-receptor family, GLP-1 and Glicentin.
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Contraction induced by Glicentin on smooth muscle cells from the human colon is abolished by exendin (9-39).
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society, 2005Co-Authors: S. E. Ayachi, K. Sasaki, F. Borie, R. Magous, D. Le Nguyen, J.-p. Bali, B. Millat, C. JarrousseAbstract:UNLABELLED Glicentin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) are gut hormones released during digestion. Glicentin and GLP-1 slow down gastric emptying and Glicentin can switch off the duodenojejunal fed motor pattern. The effect of Glicentin on the motor activity of colon has never been reported in humans. Our aim was to determine if circular smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the human colon are target cells for Glicentin or GLP-1, and if their motility is dependent upon these digestive hormones. METHODS Twenty-two resections were performed on patients operated for colon adenocarcinoma. The SMC were isolated from colonic circular muscle layer and cell contraction was assessed. RESULTS Glicentin caused a dose-related contraction of SMC, when GLP-1 determined a contraction of weak amplitude. Exendin-(9-39), described as a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, inhibited contraction due to Glicentin or GLP-1. In contrast, on antral SMC from rabbit, GLP-1 exerts neither relaxation nor contraction; however, exendin-(9-39) dose dependently reduced the contractile activity of Glicentin [Glicentin EC(50) = 5 pM, exendin-(9-39) pA(2) = -9.36]. CONCLUSIONS The circular muscle from the human colon is a target tissue for Glicentin and GLP-1. Whereas Glicentin is a long-life digestive hormone which would contribute to segmental contraction, the biological activity of GLP-1 remains unknown on this tissue. On the digestive smooth muscle, exendin-(9-39) behaved as an antagonist for two members of the glucagon-receptor family, GLP-1 and Glicentin.
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Glicentin, an active enteroglucagon, has a significant trophic role on the small intestine but not on the colon in the rat.
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2001Co-Authors: M. Sasaki, K. Sasaki, Anthony J. Fitzgerald, N Mandir, Nicholas A. Wright, Robert A. GoodladAbstract:SUMMARY Background: Many experiments have indicated that the gut glucagons (enteroglucagons) are associated with cell proliferation in the small intestine. However, recent studies have failed to show trophic effects of Glicentin (enteroglucagon) on the intestine. Aims: To examine the effects of Glicentin on intestinal proliferation in vivo in the rat. Methods: Rats were established on total parenteral nutrition for 6 days. Four experimental groups were given daily doses of 1, 4, 20 and 80 lg/rat of Glicentin via the jugular vein. Rats fed by total parenteral nutrition and rats fed chow ad libitum were used as controls. Tissues taken from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were fixed in Carnoy’s fluid and microdissected to determine the metaphase arrest scores and crypt fission ratios. Results: The mean metaphase arrest scores per crypt of the small intestine were significantly increased in the rats given 4, 20 and 80 lg of Glicentin. These responses were dose-dependent, and were most prominent in the ileum. Crypt fission of the ileum was significantly decreased in the 20 and 80 lg Glicentin groups. Glicentin had no effects on proliferation or fission in the colon. Conclusions: Glicentin is trophic to the rat small intestine, but not the colon.
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Insulinotropic action of human Glicentin in dogs.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1995Co-Authors: Akira Ohneda, Kinuko Ohneda, Nagasaki T, K. SasakiAbstract:Glicentin has been demonstrated to be released in response to the intraluminal administration of nutrients, but its biological action remains unknown. To clarify the effect of Glicentin on the endocrine function of the pancreas, the present study was performed using an in vivo local circulation system of the canine pancreas. During infusion of 0.5% solution of glucose or arginine, 100 and 400 pmol Glicentin and 400 pmol glucagon were administered into the pancreaticoduodenal artery (PA) within 10 minutes at 40-minute intervals successively. During glucose infusion, blood glucose in the femoral artery did not change following administration of 100 pmol Glicentin, but slightly increased following 400 pmol Glicentin. Plasma insulin (immunoreactive insulin [IRI]) in the pancreaticoduodenal vein (PV) increased significantly only following infusion of 400 pmol Glicentin. Plasma glucagon (immunoreactive glucagon [IRG]), measured with a specific antiserum to the C-terminal portion of glucagon, did not change following administration of 100 pmol Glicentin, but was slightly elevated following 400 pmol Glicentin. Plasma total IRG, measured with a nonspecific antiserum, increased promptly after administration of 100 and 400 pmol Glicentin. During arginine infusion, the response of plasma IRI to Glicentin was markedly exaggerated both in dosages of 100 and 400 pmol. From the present study it was concluded that human Glicentin clearly increases insulin release from the canine pancreas.