The Experts below are selected from a list of 792 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Helmut Kettenmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
GABA- and glutamate-activated currents in glial cells of the mouse corpus callosum slice.
Journal of neuroscience research, 1992Co-Authors: T. Berger, Wolfgang Walz, Jutta Schnitzer, Helmut KettenmannAbstract:Whole-cell transmitter-activated currents were recorded with the patch-clamp technique from glial cells in thin frontal brain slices of the corpus callosum. In slices from 6- to 8-day-old mice, Glioblasts were predominantly found, while oligodendrocytes were predominant in slices from 10- to 13-day-old mice. These developmental stages could be readily distinguished by their K+ channel pattern and their morphology and ultrastructural features. Both cell types expressed GABA and glutamate receptors in this in situ preparation. GABA responses showed similarities to those described for GABAA receptors, i.e., they were mimicked by muscimol, blocked by bicuculline, and enhanced by pentobarbital. Glutamate responses showed similarities to those of the kainate/quisqualate receptor subtype. The amplitude of GABA-activated currents recorded in oligodendrocytes was significantly smaller than that from Glioblasts, while glutamate responses did not show marked differences in either cell type.
-
Sodium and Calcium Currents in Glial Cells of the Mouse Corpus Callosum Slice.
The European journal of neuroscience, 1992Co-Authors: T. Berger, Jutta Schnitzer, Paula M. Orkand, Helmut KettenmannAbstract:We studied Na+ and Ca2+ currents in glial cells during the development of the corpus callosum in situ. Glioblasts and oligodendrocytes from frontal brain slices of postnatal day (P) 3 to P18 mice were identified based on morphological and ultrastructural features after characterization of the currents with the patch-clamp technique. Slices from P3 - P8 mice contained predominantly Glioblasts with immature morphological features. These cells showed Na+ and Ca2+ currents, but the population with these currents decreased between P3 and P8. Na+ currents were blocked in Na+-free bathing solution and in the presence of tetrodotoxin, Ca2+ currents were only observed when a high concentration of extracellular Ba2+ was present. The cells from the corpus callosum of P10 - P18 mice predominantly had morphological features of oligodendrocytes. In these cells, which in some cases were shown to form myelin, neither Na+ nor Ca2+ currents were detected. To compare these in situ results with those from the electrophysiologically and immunocytochemically well-characterized cultured glial cells, we determined the expression pattern of stage-specific antigens in the corpus callosum in situ. The first O4 antigen-positive glial precursors were observed at P1, the earliest stage examined. The oligodendrocytic antigens O7 and O10 appeared at P6 and P14, respectively, and prominent labelling with the corresponding markers was seen at P12 and P18, respectively. Despite the existence of numerous mature, O10-positive oligodendrocytes at P18, which expressed Ca2+ channels in vitro, we failed to detect Ca2+ currents in situ at this stage.
Deborah M. Kurrasch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Oligodendrocyte development in the embryonic tuberal hypothalamus and the influence of Ascl1
Neural Development, 2016Co-Authors: Candace M. Marsters, Jessica M. Rosin, Hayley F. Thornton, Shaghayegh Aslanpour, Natasha Klenin, Grey Wilkinson, Quentin J. Pittman, Carol Schuurmans, Deborah M. KurraschAbstract:Background Although the vast majority of cells in our brains are glia, we are only beginning to understand programs governing their development, especially within the embryonic hypothalamus. In mice, gliogenesis is a protracted process that begins during embryonic stages and continues into the early postnatal period, with glial progenitors first producing oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which then differentiate into pro-oligodendrocytes, pro-myelinating oligodendrocytes, and finally, mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. The exact timing of the transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis and the subsequent differentiation of glial lineages remains unknown for most of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and is especially true for the hypothalamus. Methods Here we used mouse embryonic brain samples to determine the onset of gliogenesis and expansion of glial populations in the tuberal hypothalamus using glial markers Sox9, Sox10, Olig2, PdgfRα, Aldh1L1, and MBP. We further employed Ascl1 and Neurog2 mutant mice to probe the influence of these proneural genes on developing embryonic gliogenic populations. Results Using marker analyses for glial precursors, we found that gliogenesis commences just prior to E13.5 in the tuberal hypothalamus, beginning with the detection of Glioblast and oligodendrocyte precursor cell markers in a restricted domain adjacent to the third ventricle. Sox9+ and Olig2+ Glioblasts are also observed in the mantle region from E13.5 onwards, many of which are Ki67+ proliferating cells, and peaks at E17.5. Using Ascl1 and Neurog2 mutant mice to investigate the influence of these bHLH transcription factors on the progression of gliogenesis in the tuberal hypothalamus, we found that the elimination of Ascl1 resulted in an increase in oligodendrocyte cells throughout the expansive period of oligodendrogenesis. Conclusion Our results are the first to define the timing of gliogenesis in the tuberal hypothalamus and indicate that Ascl1 is required to repress oligodendrocyte differentiation within this brain region.
-
Oligodendrocyte development in the embryonic tuberal hypothalamus and the influence of Ascl1
Neural development, 2016Co-Authors: Candace M. Marsters, Jessica M. Rosin, Hayley F. Thornton, Shaghayegh Aslanpour, Natasha Klenin, Grey Wilkinson, Quentin J. Pittman, Carol Schuurmans, Deborah M. KurraschAbstract:Although the vast majority of cells in our brains are glia, we are only beginning to understand programs governing their development, especially within the embryonic hypothalamus. In mice, gliogenesis is a protracted process that begins during embryonic stages and continues into the early postnatal period, with glial progenitors first producing oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which then differentiate into pro-oligodendrocytes, pro-myelinating oligodendrocytes, and finally, mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. The exact timing of the transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis and the subsequent differentiation of glial lineages remains unknown for most of the Central Nervous System (CNS), and is especially true for the hypothalamus. Here we used mouse embryonic brain samples to determine the onset of gliogenesis and expansion of glial populations in the tuberal hypothalamus using glial markers Sox9, Sox10, Olig2, PdgfRα, Aldh1L1, and MBP. We further employed Ascl1 and Neurog2 mutant mice to probe the influence of these proneural genes on developing embryonic gliogenic populations. Using marker analyses for glial precursors, we found that gliogenesis commences just prior to E13.5 in the tuberal hypothalamus, beginning with the detection of Glioblast and oligodendrocyte precursor cell markers in a restricted domain adjacent to the third ventricle. Sox9+ and Olig2+ Glioblasts are also observed in the mantle region from E13.5 onwards, many of which are Ki67+ proliferating cells, and peaks at E17.5. Using Ascl1 and Neurog2 mutant mice to investigate the influence of these bHLH transcription factors on the progression of gliogenesis in the tuberal hypothalamus, we found that the elimination of Ascl1 resulted in an increase in oligodendrocyte cells throughout the expansive period of oligodendrogenesis. Our results are the first to define the timing of gliogenesis in the tuberal hypothalamus and indicate that Ascl1 is required to repress oligodendrocyte differentiation within this brain region.
Xueming Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
timing of cns cell generation a programmed sequence of neuron and glial cell production from isolated murine cortical stem cells
Neuron, 2000Co-Authors: Xueming Qian, Qin Shen, Susan K Goderie, Wenlei He, Alexandra Capela, Andrew A Davis, Sally TempleAbstract:Abstract Multipotent stem cells that generate both neurons and glia are widespread components of the early neuroepithelium. During CNS development, neurogenesis largely precedes gliogenesis: how is this timing achieved? Using clonal cell culture combined with long-term time-lapse video microscopy, we show that isolated stem cells from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex exhibit a distinct order of cell-type production: neuroblasts first and Glioblasts later. This is accompanied by changes in their capacity to make neurons versus glia and in their response to the mitogen EGF. Hence, multipotent stem cells alter their properties over time and undergo distinct phases of development that play a key role in scheduling production of diverse CNS cells.
-
timing of cns cell generation a programmed sequence of neuron and glial cell production from isolated murine cortical stem cells
Neuron, 2000Co-Authors: Xueming Qian, Qin Shen, Susan K Goderie, Alexandra Capela, Andrew A Davis, Sally TempleAbstract:Multipotent stem cells that generate both neurons and glia are widespread components of the early neuroepithelium. During CNS development, neurogenesis largely precedes gliogenesis: how is this timing achieved? Using clonal cell culture combined with long-term time-lapse video microscopy, we show that isolated stem cells from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex exhibit a distinct order of cell-type production: neuroblasts first and Glioblasts later. This is accompanied by changes in their capacity to make neurons versus glia and in their response to the mitogen EGF. Hence, multipotent stem cells alter their properties over time and undergo distinct phases of development that play a key role in scheduling production of diverse CNS cells.
T. Berger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
GABA- and glutamate-activated currents in glial cells of the mouse corpus callosum slice.
Journal of neuroscience research, 1992Co-Authors: T. Berger, Wolfgang Walz, Jutta Schnitzer, Helmut KettenmannAbstract:Whole-cell transmitter-activated currents were recorded with the patch-clamp technique from glial cells in thin frontal brain slices of the corpus callosum. In slices from 6- to 8-day-old mice, Glioblasts were predominantly found, while oligodendrocytes were predominant in slices from 10- to 13-day-old mice. These developmental stages could be readily distinguished by their K+ channel pattern and their morphology and ultrastructural features. Both cell types expressed GABA and glutamate receptors in this in situ preparation. GABA responses showed similarities to those described for GABAA receptors, i.e., they were mimicked by muscimol, blocked by bicuculline, and enhanced by pentobarbital. Glutamate responses showed similarities to those of the kainate/quisqualate receptor subtype. The amplitude of GABA-activated currents recorded in oligodendrocytes was significantly smaller than that from Glioblasts, while glutamate responses did not show marked differences in either cell type.
-
Sodium and Calcium Currents in Glial Cells of the Mouse Corpus Callosum Slice.
The European journal of neuroscience, 1992Co-Authors: T. Berger, Jutta Schnitzer, Paula M. Orkand, Helmut KettenmannAbstract:We studied Na+ and Ca2+ currents in glial cells during the development of the corpus callosum in situ. Glioblasts and oligodendrocytes from frontal brain slices of postnatal day (P) 3 to P18 mice were identified based on morphological and ultrastructural features after characterization of the currents with the patch-clamp technique. Slices from P3 - P8 mice contained predominantly Glioblasts with immature morphological features. These cells showed Na+ and Ca2+ currents, but the population with these currents decreased between P3 and P8. Na+ currents were blocked in Na+-free bathing solution and in the presence of tetrodotoxin, Ca2+ currents were only observed when a high concentration of extracellular Ba2+ was present. The cells from the corpus callosum of P10 - P18 mice predominantly had morphological features of oligodendrocytes. In these cells, which in some cases were shown to form myelin, neither Na+ nor Ca2+ currents were detected. To compare these in situ results with those from the electrophysiologically and immunocytochemically well-characterized cultured glial cells, we determined the expression pattern of stage-specific antigens in the corpus callosum in situ. The first O4 antigen-positive glial precursors were observed at P1, the earliest stage examined. The oligodendrocytic antigens O7 and O10 appeared at P6 and P14, respectively, and prominent labelling with the corresponding markers was seen at P12 and P18, respectively. Despite the existence of numerous mature, O10-positive oligodendrocytes at P18, which expressed Ca2+ channels in vitro, we failed to detect Ca2+ currents in situ at this stage.
Sally Temple - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
timing of cns cell generation a programmed sequence of neuron and glial cell production from isolated murine cortical stem cells
Neuron, 2000Co-Authors: Xueming Qian, Qin Shen, Susan K Goderie, Wenlei He, Alexandra Capela, Andrew A Davis, Sally TempleAbstract:Abstract Multipotent stem cells that generate both neurons and glia are widespread components of the early neuroepithelium. During CNS development, neurogenesis largely precedes gliogenesis: how is this timing achieved? Using clonal cell culture combined with long-term time-lapse video microscopy, we show that isolated stem cells from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex exhibit a distinct order of cell-type production: neuroblasts first and Glioblasts later. This is accompanied by changes in their capacity to make neurons versus glia and in their response to the mitogen EGF. Hence, multipotent stem cells alter their properties over time and undergo distinct phases of development that play a key role in scheduling production of diverse CNS cells.
-
timing of cns cell generation a programmed sequence of neuron and glial cell production from isolated murine cortical stem cells
Neuron, 2000Co-Authors: Xueming Qian, Qin Shen, Susan K Goderie, Alexandra Capela, Andrew A Davis, Sally TempleAbstract:Multipotent stem cells that generate both neurons and glia are widespread components of the early neuroepithelium. During CNS development, neurogenesis largely precedes gliogenesis: how is this timing achieved? Using clonal cell culture combined with long-term time-lapse video microscopy, we show that isolated stem cells from the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex exhibit a distinct order of cell-type production: neuroblasts first and Glioblasts later. This is accompanied by changes in their capacity to make neurons versus glia and in their response to the mitogen EGF. Hence, multipotent stem cells alter their properties over time and undergo distinct phases of development that play a key role in scheduling production of diverse CNS cells.