The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Cristina M. Rosell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cereals for developing Gluten-free products and analytical tools for Gluten detection
Journal of Cereal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina M. Rosell, Francisco Barro, Carolina Sousa, Ma Carmen MenaAbstract:Abstract Recently, Gluten free foods have attracted much research interest motivated by the increasing market. Despite the motivation for developing Gluten-free foods it is necessary to have a scientific basis for developing Gluten-free foods and the tools for detecting the peptide sequence that could be immune-toxic to some persons. This review will be focused primarily on the cereal-based commodities available for developing Gluten free blends, considering naturally Gluten-free cereals in addition to oats, and recent transgenic approaches for developing cereals free of immunotoxic Gluten. Secondly, the biochemical tools for mimicking Gluten network viscoelastic properties will be presented. Finally, special emphasis will be put in compiling the available techniques for Gluten detection and quantitation.
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wheat damage by aelia spp and erygaster spp effects on Gluten and water soluble compounds released by Gluten hydrolysis
Journal of Cereal Science, 2004Co-Authors: Gabriela T Perez, Cristina M. RosellAbstract:Abstract Wheat damage by heteropterous insects produces Gluten hydrolysis giving different degradation products. Gluten content and Gluten quality were assessed as a Gluten index after incubation of the wet Gluten for different intervals (0, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 24 h). Simultaneously, the water soluble products released by Gluten hydrolysis during incubation were analysed by size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The results indicated that the amount of wet Gluten remained constant even in the case of Gluten isolated from damaged wheat, whereas the Gluten index of damaged Gluten showed a steady decrease with the incubation time suggesting an intense protein hydrolysis. A large amount of water soluble compounds were released from damaged Gluten, increasing the relative proportion of compounds with molecular weights between 15,000 and 30,000 during the first 3 h of incubation. The SDS-PAGE studies under non-reducing conditions revealed presence of six new bands from Mr 42,000–27,000 at 3 h of incubation and they showed a progressive increase in their intensity with incubation that progressively increased in intensity. The presence of some protein aggregates with Mr higher than 200,000 suggested the endoproteolytic activity of the insect proteases, and the analysis of the aggregates under reducing conditions indicated that they were linked by disulphide bonds. The Gluten index is proposed as a parameter for objectively determining the insect attack.
Richard J. Farrell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent advances in the understanding of celiac disease: therapeutic implications for the management of pediatric patients.
Pediatric Drugs, 2006Co-Authors: John H. Kwon, Richard J. FarrellAbstract:Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition occurring in genetically susceptible individuals characterized by inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat Glutens or related barley and rye products. Originally thought to be highly prevalent only in Northern European populations, growing evidence indicates a much higher prevalence in many other regions, including the US as well as South America, North Africa, and Asia. The growing awareness that pediatric patients may present with quite diverse and protean manifestations and the significant impact of CD on childhood development has prompted efforts to increase CD awareness for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The current diagnostic criteria for CD requires characteristic histologic findings in small bowel biopsies and clinical remission when placed on a Gluten-free diet. Serologic testing for CD can provide additional support for the diagnosis of CD or a means to assess efficacy and adherence to a Gluten-free diet. The mainstay of treatment remains the institution of a Gluten-free diet. However, patients with refractory CD may require treatment with immunosuppressant medications. With the increased identification of specific Gluten epitopes and understanding of the pathogenesis of CD, future therapies may rely on genetically altering Gluten proteins, immunization techniques, or therapies focused on either the development of specific immune tolerance or regulation of mucosal inflammation.
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Recent Advances in the Understanding of Celiac Disease
Pediatric Drugs, 2006Co-Authors: John H. Kwon, Richard J. FarrellAbstract:Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition occurring in genetically susceptible individuals characterized by inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat Glutens or related barley and rye products. Originally thought to be highly prevalent only in Northern European populations, growing evidence indicates a much higher prevalence in many other regions, including the US as well as South America, North Africa, and Asia. The growing awareness that pediatric patients may present with quite diverse and protean manifestations and the significant impact of CD on childhood development has prompted efforts to increase CD awareness for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The current diagnostic criteria for CD requires characteristic histologic findings in small bowel biopsies and clinical remission when placed on a Gluten-free diet. Serologic testing for CD can provide additional support for the diagnosis of CD or a means to assess efficacy and adherence to a Gluten-free diet. The mainstay of treatment remains the institution of a Gluten-free diet. However, patients with refractory CD may require treatment with immunosuppressant medications. With the increased identification of specific Gluten epitopes and understanding of the pathogenesis of CD, future therapies may rely on genetically altering Gluten proteins, immunization techniques, or therapies focused on either the development of specific immune tolerance or regulation of mucosal inflammation.
Ana Maria Calderon De La Barca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transamidation of Gluten proteins during the bread making process of wheat flour to produce breads with less immunoreactive Gluten
Food & Function, 2014Co-Authors: Nina G Herediasandoval, Alma Rosa Islasrubio, Francisco Cabrerachavez, Ana Maria Calderon De La BarcaAbstract:Due to an increasing incidence of celiac disease (CD) and other Gluten-related disorders, different Gluten-free breads have been developed using starches and additives as a substitute for Gluten. Thus, patients miss not only the taste and aroma of wheat bread but also risk their sensitive intestines. Therefore, modifying Gluten to avoid an immune response in CD and its application to baking is in progress. The aim of the study was to enzymatically modify Gluten on wheat flour, during bread-making avoiding the use of additives, to reduce immunoreactivity, preserving its properties. Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) or chymotrypsin (ChT) was used to bind lysine or valine to Gluten proteins in a model system. The best conditions were directly applied to wheat flour for bread-making with and without punching at 45 min. Subsequently, the rheological properties of the doughs, specific volume of the loaves, immunoreactive Gluten content and modification of the extracted proteins were evaluated. ChT-treated breads presented a better appearance with a more homogeneous crumb, higher specific volume values (3.34–4.25 cm3 g−1) and higher reactive Gluten reduction (up to 71%) than the mTG-treated ones (1.23–2.66 cm3 g−1) with only a 42% reactive Gluten reduction. Thus, transpeptidation during bread-making is a promising technology, although it is necessary to improve the modification process to obtain the reactive Gluten reduction required in breads for the treatment of CD patients and other Gluten-related disorders.
Alessio Fasano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Celiac disease and nonceliac Gluten sensitivity: A review
JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 2017Co-Authors: Maureen M. Leonard, Anna Sapone, Carlo Catassi, Alessio FasanoAbstract:Importance The prevalence of Gluten-related disorders is rising, and increasing numbers of individuals are empirically trying a Gluten-free diet for a variety of signs and symptoms. This review aims to present current evidence regarding screening, diagnosis, and treatment for celiac disease and nonceliac Gluten sensitivity. Observations Celiac disease is a Gluten-induced immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by a specific genetic genotype (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes) and autoantibodies (antitissue transglutaminase and antiendomysial). Although the inflammatory process specifically targets the intestinal mucosa, patients may present with gastrointestinal signs or symptoms, extraintestinal signs or symptoms, or both, suggesting that celiac disease is a systemic disease. Nonceliac Gluten sensitivity is diagnosed in individuals who do not have celiac disease or wheat allergy but who have intestinal symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms, or both, related to ingestion of Gluten-containing grains, with symptomatic improvement on their withdrawal. The clinical variability and the lack of validated biomarkers for nonceliac Gluten sensitivity make establishing the prevalence, reaching a diagnosis, and further study of this condition difficult. Nevertheless, it is possible to differentiate specific Gluten-related disorders from other conditions, based on currently available investigations and algorithms. Clinicians cannot distinguish between celiac disease and nonceliac Gluten sensitivity by symptoms, as they are similar in both. Therefore, screening for celiac disease must occur before a Gluten-free diet is implemented, since once a patient initiates a Gluten-free diet, testing for celiac disease is no longer accurate. Conclusions and Relevance Celiac disease and nonceliac Gluten sensitivity are common. Although both conditions are treated with a Gluten-free diet, distinguishing between celiac disease and nonceliac Gluten sensitivity is important for long-term therapy. Patients with celiac disease should be followed up closely for dietary adherence, nutritional deficiencies, and the development of possible comorbidities.
Gabriela T Perez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wheat damage by aelia spp and erygaster spp effects on Gluten and water soluble compounds released by Gluten hydrolysis
Journal of Cereal Science, 2004Co-Authors: Gabriela T Perez, Cristina M. RosellAbstract:Abstract Wheat damage by heteropterous insects produces Gluten hydrolysis giving different degradation products. Gluten content and Gluten quality were assessed as a Gluten index after incubation of the wet Gluten for different intervals (0, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 24 h). Simultaneously, the water soluble products released by Gluten hydrolysis during incubation were analysed by size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and SDS-PAGE. The results indicated that the amount of wet Gluten remained constant even in the case of Gluten isolated from damaged wheat, whereas the Gluten index of damaged Gluten showed a steady decrease with the incubation time suggesting an intense protein hydrolysis. A large amount of water soluble compounds were released from damaged Gluten, increasing the relative proportion of compounds with molecular weights between 15,000 and 30,000 during the first 3 h of incubation. The SDS-PAGE studies under non-reducing conditions revealed presence of six new bands from Mr 42,000–27,000 at 3 h of incubation and they showed a progressive increase in their intensity with incubation that progressively increased in intensity. The presence of some protein aggregates with Mr higher than 200,000 suggested the endoproteolytic activity of the insect proteases, and the analysis of the aggregates under reducing conditions indicated that they were linked by disulphide bonds. The Gluten index is proposed as a parameter for objectively determining the insect attack.
