The Experts below are selected from a list of 151719 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J. C. Brand-miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Algorithms to Improve the Prediction of Postprandial Insulinaemia in Response to Common Foods
Nutrients, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Petocz, Stephen Colagiuri, J. C. Brand-millerAbstract:Dietary patterns that induce excessive insulin secretion may contribute to worsening insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Our aim was to generate mathematical algorithms to improve the prediction of postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia for foods of known nutrient composition, Glycemic index (GI) and Glycemic load (GL). We used an expanded database of food insulin index (FII) values generated by testing 1000 kJ portions of 147 common foods relative to a reference food in lean, young, healthy volunteers. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to validate previously generated equations for predicting insulinaemia, and develop improved predictive models. Large differences in insulinaemic responses within and between food groups were evident. GL, GI and available carbohydrate content were the strongest predictors of the FII, explaining 55%, 51% and 47% of variation respectively. Fat, protein and sugar were significant but relatively weak predictors, accounting for only 31%, 7% and 13% of the variation respectively. Nutritional composition alone explained only 50% of variability. The best algorithm included a measure of Glycemic response, sugar and protein content and explained 78% of variation. Knowledge of the GI or glycaemic response to 1000 kJ portions together with nutrient composition therefore provides a good approximation for ranking of foods according to their “insulin demand”.
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Inter- and Intra-Laboratory Variability of Glycemic and Insulinemic Indexes
The FASEB Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Alexandra Meynier, J. C. Brand-miller, Murielle Cazaubiel, Fiona Atkinson, David Gendre, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Thomas M. S. Wolever, Sophie VinoyAbstract:Objectives: The Glycemic index (GI) concept was developed by Jenkins et al in 1981 to classify the Glycemic impact of carbohydrate (CHO)-containing foods. This study aimed at quantifying inter- and intra-laboratory variability on GI, Insulin Index (II), Glycemic and insulinemic responses after standardising the protocols in 3 different labs. Methods: At least 15 healthy young normal weight subjects with HOMA-IR < 1.7 were recruited by each lab. They underwent 9 sessions to test a glucose solution (3 times) or 6 different cereal products. The 3 selected labs used the validated GI method (ISO method 26642:2010). Insulin assay and subject selection criteria were standardised. Results: GI values for the 6 different products (mean ± SEM) ranged from 44 ± 4 to 92 ± 8. For a same product, the between-labs differences range was 0 - 11. No lab effect but significant product effects were observed for GI and iAUC glycemia. II values of the 6 different products ranged between 54 ± 3 and 85 ± 9. For a same product, th...
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The Glycemic index issue.
Current Opinion in Lipidology, 2012Co-Authors: J. C. Brand-miller, Anette E BuykenAbstract:Abstract In recent years, many of the concerns surrounding the Glycemic index have been addressed by methodological studies and clinical trials comparing diets carefully matched for other nutrients. These findings are reviewed together with new observational evidence for the role of the dietary Glycemic index in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. The determination and classification of the Glycemic index of a food product is now standardized by the International Standards Organization. Systematic studies using isoenergetic single and mixed meals have shown that Glycemic index and/or Glycemic load are stronger predictors of postprandial glycemia and insulinemia than carbohydrate content alone. In overweight individuals, a diet that combined modestly higher protein and lower Glycemic index carbohydrates was the most effective diet for prevention of weight regain. New observational studies have reported increased risks of coronary heart disease associated with higher intakes of carbohydrates from high Glycemic index foods. Epidemiological evidence has emerged linking dietary Glycemic index to visceral fat and inflammatory disease mortality. There is growing recognition that replacing saturated fat with refined, high Glycemic index carbohydrates increases postprandial glycemia and may be detrimental for weight control and predisposition to cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. In contrast, low Glycemic index carbohydrates reduce risk.
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OPINION The Glycemic index issue
2012Co-Authors: J. C. Brand-miller, Anette E BuykenAbstract:Summary There is growing recognition that replacing saturated fat with refined, high Glycemic index carbohydrates increases postprandial glycemia and may be detrimental for weight control and predisposition to cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. In contrast, low Glycemic index carbohydrates reduce risk.
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The Glycemic index issue.
Current opinion in lipidology, 2012Co-Authors: J. C. Brand-miller, Anette E BuykenAbstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, many of the concerns surrounding the Glycemic index have been addressed by methodological studies and clinical trials comparing diets carefully matched for other nutrients. These findings are reviewed together with new observational evidence for the role of the dietary Glycemic index in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS The determination and classification of the Glycemic index of a food product is now standardized by the International Standards Organization. Systematic studies using isoenergetic single and mixed meals have shown that Glycemic index and/or Glycemic load are stronger predictors of postprandial glycemia and insulinemia than carbohydrate content alone. In overweight individuals, a diet that combined modestly higher protein and lower Glycemic index carbohydrates was the most effective diet for prevention of weight regain. New observational studies have reported increased risks of coronary heart disease associated with higher intakes of carbohydrates from high Glycemic index foods. Epidemiological evidence has emerged linking dietary Glycemic index to visceral fat and inflammatory disease mortality. SUMMARY There is growing recognition that replacing saturated fat with refined, high Glycemic index carbohydrates increases postprandial glycemia and may be detrimental for weight control and predisposition to cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. In contrast, low Glycemic index carbohydrates reduce risk.
Rinaldo Bellomo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P
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early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul J Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P<0.0001 for all). This increased risk of death was greater in TBI and SAH patients than in the general ICU population. Moreover, it was stronger for mean glycemia (increase in mortality from 9.2% in the lowest quintile to 15.1% in general ICU patients compared with an increase in mortality from 4.4% to 49.0% for TBI and SAH patients; P<0.0001). Finally, in TBI patients, this relationship was significantly stronger than in SAH patients (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In TBI and SAH patients, greater dysglycemia is associated with greater mortality. This association is significantly stronger than in the general population and it is significantly stronger in patients with TBI compared with SAH.
Andrew A. Udy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P
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early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul J Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P<0.0001 for all). This increased risk of death was greater in TBI and SAH patients than in the general ICU population. Moreover, it was stronger for mean glycemia (increase in mortality from 9.2% in the lowest quintile to 15.1% in general ICU patients compared with an increase in mortality from 4.4% to 49.0% for TBI and SAH patients; P<0.0001). Finally, in TBI patients, this relationship was significantly stronger than in SAH patients (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In TBI and SAH patients, greater dysglycemia is associated with greater mortality. This association is significantly stronger than in the general population and it is significantly stronger in patients with TBI compared with SAH.
David Pilcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P
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early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul J Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P<0.0001 for all). This increased risk of death was greater in TBI and SAH patients than in the general ICU population. Moreover, it was stronger for mean glycemia (increase in mortality from 9.2% in the lowest quintile to 15.1% in general ICU patients compared with an increase in mortality from 4.4% to 49.0% for TBI and SAH patients; P<0.0001). Finally, in TBI patients, this relationship was significantly stronger than in SAH patients (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In TBI and SAH patients, greater dysglycemia is associated with greater mortality. This association is significantly stronger than in the general population and it is significantly stronger in patients with TBI compared with SAH.
Simone Pappacena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P
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early dysglycemia and mortality in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Minerva Anestesiologica, 2019Co-Authors: Simone Pappacena, Michael Bailey, Luca Cabrini, Giovanni Landoni, Andrew A. Udy, David Pilcher, Paul J Young, Rinaldo BellomoAbstract:BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are the most common causes of severe acute brain injury in younger Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Dysglycemia (abnormal peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia) is common in these patients but its comparative outcome associations are unclear. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional, study of adults admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs with TBI and SAH from 2005 to 2015, we studied the relationship between multiple aspects of early (first 24 hours) dysglycemia and mortality and compared TBI and SAH patients with the general ICU population and with each other. RESULTS: Among 670,301 patients, 11,812 had TBI and 6,098 had SAH. After adjustment for illness severity, we found that the mortality rate increased with each quintile of glycemia for each aspect of early dysglycemia (peak glycemia, Glycemic variability, mean glycemia, nadir glycemia; P<0.0001 for all). This increased risk of death was greater in TBI and SAH patients than in the general ICU population. Moreover, it was stronger for mean glycemia (increase in mortality from 9.2% in the lowest quintile to 15.1% in general ICU patients compared with an increase in mortality from 4.4% to 49.0% for TBI and SAH patients; P<0.0001). Finally, in TBI patients, this relationship was significantly stronger than in SAH patients (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In TBI and SAH patients, greater dysglycemia is associated with greater mortality. This association is significantly stronger than in the general population and it is significantly stronger in patients with TBI compared with SAH.
