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Kenji Nakajima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Glycosylation on Carbamazepine‐Serum Protein Binding in Humans
    The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Hikaru Koyama, Satoru Mori, Nobuyuki Sugioka, Akira Uno, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    Effect of glycosylation on carbamazepine-serum protein binding was investigated in vitro using the serum from 24 diabetics and 10 healthy subjects, and in vivo using the serum from 49 patients receiving carbamazepine. In both binding studies, nonGlycosylated Albumin levels were strongly correlated with the carbamazepine free fraction (%). To evaluate the effect of glycosylation in vivo, the patients were divided into two groups according to Glycosylated Albumin levels (%): a healthy group (10-15) and a high group (15 and over). The high group had decreased nonGlycosylated Albumin levels and an increased carbamazepine free fraction. Our results suggest that one should not use total concentrations for the monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations, but free concentrations, especially in poorly controlled diabetics.

  • age dependent alteration of the serum unbound fraction of nicardipine a calcium channel blocker in man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL−1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean±s.d., 1.55 ± 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

  • Age‐dependent Alteration of the Serum‐unbound Fraction of Nicardipine, a Calcium‐channel Blocker, in Man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL-1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean +/- s.d., 1.55 +/- 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

Nobuyuki Sugioka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Glycosylation on Carbamazepine‐Serum Protein Binding in Humans
    The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Hikaru Koyama, Satoru Mori, Nobuyuki Sugioka, Akira Uno, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    Effect of glycosylation on carbamazepine-serum protein binding was investigated in vitro using the serum from 24 diabetics and 10 healthy subjects, and in vivo using the serum from 49 patients receiving carbamazepine. In both binding studies, nonGlycosylated Albumin levels were strongly correlated with the carbamazepine free fraction (%). To evaluate the effect of glycosylation in vivo, the patients were divided into two groups according to Glycosylated Albumin levels (%): a healthy group (10-15) and a high group (15 and over). The high group had decreased nonGlycosylated Albumin levels and an increased carbamazepine free fraction. Our results suggest that one should not use total concentrations for the monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations, but free concentrations, especially in poorly controlled diabetics.

  • age dependent alteration of the serum unbound fraction of nicardipine a calcium channel blocker in man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL−1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean±s.d., 1.55 ± 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

  • Age‐dependent Alteration of the Serum‐unbound Fraction of Nicardipine, a Calcium‐channel Blocker, in Man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL-1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean +/- s.d., 1.55 +/- 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

Hikaru Koyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Glycosylation on Carbamazepine‐Serum Protein Binding in Humans
    The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Hikaru Koyama, Satoru Mori, Nobuyuki Sugioka, Akira Uno, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    Effect of glycosylation on carbamazepine-serum protein binding was investigated in vitro using the serum from 24 diabetics and 10 healthy subjects, and in vivo using the serum from 49 patients receiving carbamazepine. In both binding studies, nonGlycosylated Albumin levels were strongly correlated with the carbamazepine free fraction (%). To evaluate the effect of glycosylation in vivo, the patients were divided into two groups according to Glycosylated Albumin levels (%): a healthy group (10-15) and a high group (15 and over). The high group had decreased nonGlycosylated Albumin levels and an increased carbamazepine free fraction. Our results suggest that one should not use total concentrations for the monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations, but free concentrations, especially in poorly controlled diabetics.

  • age dependent alteration of the serum unbound fraction of nicardipine a calcium channel blocker in man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL−1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean±s.d., 1.55 ± 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

  • Age‐dependent Alteration of the Serum‐unbound Fraction of Nicardipine, a Calcium‐channel Blocker, in Man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL-1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean +/- s.d., 1.55 +/- 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

Satoru Mori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of Glycosylation on Carbamazepine‐Serum Protein Binding in Humans
    The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Hikaru Koyama, Satoru Mori, Nobuyuki Sugioka, Akira Uno, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    Effect of glycosylation on carbamazepine-serum protein binding was investigated in vitro using the serum from 24 diabetics and 10 healthy subjects, and in vivo using the serum from 49 patients receiving carbamazepine. In both binding studies, nonGlycosylated Albumin levels were strongly correlated with the carbamazepine free fraction (%). To evaluate the effect of glycosylation in vivo, the patients were divided into two groups according to Glycosylated Albumin levels (%): a healthy group (10-15) and a high group (15 and over). The high group had decreased nonGlycosylated Albumin levels and an increased carbamazepine free fraction. Our results suggest that one should not use total concentrations for the monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations, but free concentrations, especially in poorly controlled diabetics.

  • age dependent alteration of the serum unbound fraction of nicardipine a calcium channel blocker in man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL−1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean±s.d., 1.55 ± 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

  • Age‐dependent Alteration of the Serum‐unbound Fraction of Nicardipine, a Calcium‐channel Blocker, in Man
    Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sugioka, Hikaru Koyama, Mariko Kawakubo, Hideki Kishimoto, Satoru Mori, Toshio Ohta, Kenji Nakajima
    Abstract:

    To determine whether the age-dependent increase in the pharmacological effect of calcium-channel blockers is a result of age-dependent alteration of the unbound fraction the drug in serum, the unbound fraction of the nicardipine was investigated in the serum of 38 adults. The unbound concentration of nicardipine in serum to which nicardipine (205.4 ng mL-1) had been added was determined by ultracentrifugation to range from 0.49 to 4.01% (mean +/- s.d., 1.55 +/- 0.78%). Non-Glycosylated Albumin was most strongly correlated with age (r = 0.901). Total bilirubin was weakly correlated with age whereas levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, triglycerides and Glycosylated Albumin were not correlated with age. A significant (P < 0.01) linear correlation was obtained between the unbound fraction of nicardipine and parameters such as age, Albumin, Albumin/globulin ratio, Albumin/Glycosylated Albumin ratio, non-Glycosylated Albumin and total bilirubin. To assess the relative effect of each variable on the unbound fraction of nicardipine, stepwise multiple linear regression was performed using age and biochemical parameters. The three variables (non-Glycosylated Albumin, total bilirubin and age) were entered into the regression equation. The results of this study showed that the major ligand of nicardipine in serum was non-Glycosylated Albumin, which decreased with age. It was, moreover, shown that the serum-unbound concentration of nicardipine increased with age. This finding would be one factor accounting for the increase in the pharmacological effect of nicardipine with age. In addition, our predicted model for the unbound fraction of nicardipine might be useful in determining the appropriate nicardipine dose for the elderly.

David D Kitts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of egg white proteins and fructose and inulin maillard reaction products
    Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hao Jing, Melissa Yap, Peter Y.y. Wong, David D Kitts
    Abstract:

    The Maillard reaction (MR), involving the condensation of a carbonyl group of reducing sugar and an amino group of protein, can change functional properties of proteins. In this study, chemical characteristics and functional properties of Glycosylated Albumin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme (egg proteins) and casein with fructose or inulin through the MR were evaluated. The protein and sugar mixtures were heated at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 3 days. Chemical characteristics of the egg protein–sugar Maillard reaction product (MRP) mixtures were evaluated by fluorescence development, absorbance intensity (at 420 nm), and color change. Functional properties of the protein–sugar MRP mixtures were also evaluated, including emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, and antioxidant activity. The protein–sugar conjugates were found to have significant (p < 0.05) changes compared to the controls (unheated protein–sugar samples) in color, fluorescence, and absorbance intensity. All protein–sugar MR models exhibited a change in emulsifying activity, with Csn–Fru MRP displaying the greatest significant (p < 0.05) improvement. In addition, all protein–sugar MR models exhibited changes in emulsion stability, with Ovo/Inu MRP displaying the greatest significant (p < 0.05) change. All protein–sugar MR models exhibited great scavenging activity towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical at MRP concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL. With the exception of the 0.2 mg/mL MRP concentration, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the heated protein–fructose and the heated protein–inulin MRPs.

  • Comparison of Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Egg-White Proteins and Fructose and Inulin Maillard Reaction Products
    Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Hao Jing, Melissa Yap, Peter Y.y. Wong, David D Kitts
    Abstract:

    The Maillard reaction (MR), involving the condensation of a carbonyl group of reducing sugar and an amino group of protein, can change functional properties of proteins. In this study, chemical characteristics and functional properties of Glycosylated Albumin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme (egg proteins) and casein with fructose or inulin through the MR were evaluated. The protein and sugar mixtures were heated at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 3 days. Chemical characteristics of the egg protein–sugar Maillard reaction product (MRP) mixtures were evaluated by fluorescence development, absorbance intensity (at 420 nm), and color change. Functional properties of the protein–sugar MRP mixtures were also evaluated, including emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, and antioxidant activity. The protein–sugar conjugates were found to have significant (p