The Experts below are selected from a list of 154353 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Davy Guillarme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
Szabolcs Fekete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
Alain Beck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
Jenő Fekete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:a b s t r a c t The cation exhange pH Gradient Approach was evaluated for the characterization of 10 model monoclonal antibodies including panitumumab, natalizumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, rituximab, palivizumab, adalimumab, denosumab and ofatumumab. This work shows that retention and resolution can be modelled in cation exchange pH Gradient mode, based on only four initial runs (i.e. two Gradient times and two mobile phase temperature). Only 6 h were required for a complete method optimization when using a 100 mm × 4.6 mm strong cation exchange column. The accuracy of the predictions was excellent, with an average difference between predicted and experimental retention times of about 1%. The 10 model antibodies were successfully eluted in both pH and salt Gradient modes, proving that both modes of elution can be considered as multi-product charge sensitive separation methods. For most of the compounds, the variants were better resolved in the salt Gradient mode and the peak capacities were also higher in the salt Gradient Approach. These observations confirm that pH Gradient Approach may be of lower interest than salt Gradient cation exchange chromatography for antibody characterization.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part i salt Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
-
method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography part ii ph Gradient Approach
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Szabolcs Fekete, Alain Beck, Jenő Fekete, Davy GuillarmeAbstract:Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a historical technique widely used for the detailed characterization of therapeutic proteins and can be considered as a reference and powerful technique for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of charge variants. When applying salt Gradient IEX Approach for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterization, this Approach is described as time-consuming to develop and product-specific. The goal of this study was to tackle these two bottle-necks. By modeling the retention of several commercial mAbs and their variants in IEX, we proved that the mobile phase temperature was not relevant for tuning selectivity, while optimal salt Gradient program can be easily found based on only two initial Gradients of different slopes. Last but not least, the dependence of retention vs. pH being polynomial, three initial runs at different pH were required to optimize mobile phase pH. Finally, only 9h of initial experiments were necessary to simultaneously optimize salt Gradient profile and pH in IEX. The data can then be treated with commercial modeling software to find out the optimal conditions to be used, and accuracy of retention times prediction was excellent (less than 1% variation between predicted and experimental values). Second, we also proved that generic IEX conditions can be applied for the characterization of mAbs possessing a wide range of pI, from 6.7 to 9.1. For this purpose, a strong cation exchange column has to be employed at a pH below 6 and using a proportion of NaCl up to 0.2M. Under these conditions, all the mAbs were properly eluted from the column. Therefore, salt Gradient CEX can be considered as a generic multi-product Approach.
Pujari, Amit N. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Eye and voice-controlled human machine interface system for wheelchairs using image Gradient Approach
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Anwer Saba, Waris Asim, Sultan Hajrah, Butt, Shahid Ikramullah, Zafar, Muhammad Hamza, Sarwar Moaz, Niazi, Imran Khan, Shafique Muhammad, Pujari, Amit N.Abstract:Rehabilitative mobility aids are being used extensively for physically impaired people. Efforts are being made to develop human machine interfaces (HMIs), manipulating the biosignals to better control the electromechanical mobility aids, especially the wheelchairs. Creating precise control commands such as move forward, left, right, backward and stop, via biosignals, in an appropriate HMI is the actual challenge, as the people with a high level of disability (quadriplegia and paralysis, etc.) are unable to drive conventional wheelchairs. Therefore, a novel system driven by optical signals addressing the needs of such a physically impaired population is introduced in this paper. The present system is divided into two parts: the first part comprises of detection of eyeball movements together with the processing of the optical signal, and the second part encompasses the mechanical assembly module, i.e., control of the wheelchair through motor driving circuitry. A web camera is used to capture real-time images. The processor used is Raspberry-Pi with Linux operating system. In order to make the system more congenial and reliable, the voice-controlled mode is incorporated in the wheelchair. To appraise the system’s performance, a basic wheelchair skill test (WST) is carried out. Basic skills like movement on plain and rough surfaces in forward, reverse direction and turning capability were analyzed for easier comparison with other existing wheelchair setups on the bases of controlling mechanisms, compatibility, design models, and usability in diverse conditions. System successfully operates with average response time of 3 s for eye and 3.4 s for voice control mode.Peer reviewe
-
Eye and Voice-Controlled Human Machine Interface System for Wheelchairs Using Image Gradient Approach
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Anwer Saba, Waris Asim, Sultan Hajrah, Butt, Shahid Ikramullah, Sarwar Moaz, Niazi, Imran Khan, Shafique Muhammad, Hamza Zafar Muhammad, Pujari, Amit N.Abstract:© 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Rehabilitative mobility aids are being used extensively for physically impaired people. Efforts are being made to develop human machine interfaces (HMIs), manipulating the biosignals to better control the electromechanical mobility aids, especially the wheelchairs. Creating precise control commands such as move forward, left, right, backward and stop, via biosignals, in an appropriate HMI is the actual challenge, as the people with a high level of disability (quadriplegia and paralysis, etc.) are unable to drive conventional wheelchairs. Therefore, a novel system driven by optical signals addressing the needs of such a physically impaired population is introduced in this paper. The present system is divided into two parts: the first part comprises of detection of eyeball movements together with the processing of the optical signal, and the second part encompasses the mechanical assembly module, i.e., control of the wheelchair through motor driving circuitry. A web camera is used to capture real-time images. The processor used is Raspberry-Pi with Linux operating system. In order to make the system more congenial and reliable, the voice-controlled mode is incorporated in the wheelchair. To appraise the system’s performance, a basic wheelchair skill test (WST) is carried out. Basic skills like movement on plain and rough surfaces in forward, reverse direction and turning capability were analyzed for easier comparison with other existing wheelchair setups on the bases of controlling mechanisms, compatibility, design models, and usability in diverse conditions. System successfully operates with average response time of 3 s for eye and 3.4 s for voice control mode.Peer reviewe
-
Eye and Voice-Controlled Human Machine Interface System for Wheelchairs Using Image Gradient Approach
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Anwer Saba, Waris Asim, Sultan Hajrah, Sarwar Moaz, Niazi, Imran Khan, Shafique Muhammad, Ikramullah Shahid, Hamza Muhammad, Pujari, Amit N.Abstract:Rehabilitative mobility aids are being used extensively for physically impaired people. Efforts are being made to develop human machine interfaces (HMIs), manipulating the biosignals to better control the electromechanical mobility aids, especially the wheelchairs. Creating precise control commands such as move forward, left, right, backward and stop, via biosignals, in an appropriate HMI is the actual challenge, as the people with a high level of disability (quadriplegia and paralysis, etc.) are unable to drive conventional wheelchairs. Therefore, a novel system driven by optical signals addressing the needs of such a physically impaired population is introduced in this paper. The present system is divided into two parts: the first part comprises of detection of eyeball movements together with the processing of the optical signal, and the second part encompasses the mechanical assembly module, i.e., control of the wheelchair through motor driving circuitry. A web camera is used to capture real-time images. The processor used is Raspberry-Pi with Linux operating system. In order to make the system more congenial and reliable, the voice-controlled mode is incorporated in the wheelchair. To appraise the system’s performance, a basic wheelchair skill test (WST) is carried out. Basic skills like movement on plain and rough surfaces in forward, reverse direction and turning capability were analyzed for easier comparison with other existing wheelchair setups on the bases of controlling mechanisms, compatibility, design models, and usability in diverse conditions. System successfully operates with average response time of 3 s for eye and 3.4 s for voice control mode
-
Eye and Voice-Controlled Human Machine Interface System for Wheelchairs Using Image Gradient Approach
'MDPI AG', 2020Co-Authors: Anwer Saba, Waris Asim, Sultan Hajrah, Butt, Shahid Ikramullah, Zafar, Muhammad Hamza, Sarwar Moaz, Niazi, Imran Khan, Shafique Muhammad, Pujari, Amit N.Abstract:© 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Rehabilitative mobility aids are being used extensively for physically impaired people. Efforts are being made to develop human machine interfaces (HMIs), manipulating the biosignals to better control the electromechanical mobility aids, especially the wheelchairs. Creating precise control commands such as move forward, left, right, backward and stop, via biosignals, in an appropriate HMI is the actual challenge, as the people with a high level of disability (quadriplegia and paralysis, etc.) are unable to drive conventional wheelchairs. Therefore, a novel system driven by optical signals addressing the needs of such a physically impaired population is introduced in this paper. The present system is divided into two parts: the first part comprises of detection of eyeball movements together with the processing of the optical signal, and the second part encompasses the mechanical assembly module, i.e., control of the wheelchair through motor driving circuitry. A web camera is used to capture real-time images. The processor used is Raspberry-Pi with Linux operating system. In order to make the system more congenial and reliable, the voice-controlled mode is incorporated in the wheelchair. To appraise the system’s performance, a basic wheelchair skill test (WST) is carried out. Basic skills like movement on plain and rough surfaces in forward, reverse direction and turning capability were analyzed for easier comparison with other existing wheelchair setups on the bases of controlling mechanisms, compatibility, design models, and usability in diverse conditions. System successfully operates with average response time of 3 s for eye and 3.4 s for voice control mode.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio
