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Masayoshi Kurachi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in serum phenytoin concentrations in epileptic patients produced by changing phenytoin preparation from Granular Form to a novel 10 powder
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Emori, Akihito Okabe, Kodai Tanaka, Koji Tajiri, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Purpose: It is well known that there is a significant difference in the bioavailability of different preparations of phenytoin (PHT). A novel 10 % powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10 % powder), which was believed to have equivalent bioavailability to the tablet and Granular Formulations, was developed by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. in 1997. This lead us to switch 12 outpatients with epilepsy from the Granular preparation of PHT (Aleviatino-granules) to the novel 10 96 powder. Here, we report that changing the PHT Formulation from the Granular to the novel powder Form produced a significant change in hioavailability. Methods: Subjects consisted of 8 men and 4 women with epilepsy; mean age, 32.7 years; range, 21–58 years; 2 generalized epilepsies and 10 localization-related epilepsies recruited from the outpatient clinics. The dose of the Granular Form of PHT was 90-390 mg/day (mean, 258.3 mg/day). Four patients received only PHT and the remaining patients received PHT and at least 1 other AED. The serum PHT concentrations were determined prior to and more than 2 weeks after changing the Formulations. We used the same dose for each preparation, and the dose of any other anticonvulsant drug taken by the patients was not changed during the study. Results: The mean serum PHT level was significantly elevated from 9.66 to 19.51 pg/ml after switching the patients to the 10% powder Formulation (p < 0.01). The mean ratio of serum PHT concentrations (S, pg/ml) to dose (D, mgikgiday), i.e. S/D ratio, was also increased significantly from 2.1 to 4.3 after switching preparations (p < 0.01). A decrease in the dose (mean, 85 %) was required in 6 patients. There was a significant positive correlation between extent of the elevation of serum PHT concentration after switching to the 10 % powder and serum PHT concentration before the switch (r = 0.86, p c 0.0003). Furthermore, the elevation of serum PHT levels in the patients receiving only PHT was significantly greater than that in the patients receiving 1 or more other anticonvulsants (p < 0.05). Cuncbsion: These results suggest that the 10% powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10% powder) has a significantly greater bioavailability than the Granular Form (Aleviatino-granules). Therefore, one must be vigilant when switching patients from one Formulation of PHT to another, particularly in patients receiving only PHT. In addition, upon switching, one should consider adjusting the dose to decrease the likelihood of adverse effects and interactions between PHT and other anticonvulsants.
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Changes in Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in Epileptic Patients Produced by Changing Phenytoin Preparation from Granular Form to a Novel 10% Powder.
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Emori, Akihito Okabe, Kodai Tanaka, Koji Tajiri, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Purpose: It is well known that there is a significant difference in the bioavailability of different preparations of phenytoin (PHT). A novel 10 % powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10 % powder), which was believed to have equivalent bioavailability to the tablet and Granular Formulations, was developed by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. in 1997. This lead us to switch 12 outpatients with epilepsy from the Granular preparation of PHT (Aleviatino-granules) to the novel 10 96 powder. Here, we report that changing the PHT Formulation from the Granular to the novel powder Form produced a significant change in hioavailability. Methods: Subjects consisted of 8 men and 4 women with epilepsy; mean age, 32.7 years; range, 21–58 years; 2 generalized epilepsies and 10 localization-related epilepsies recruited from the outpatient clinics. The dose of the Granular Form of PHT was 90-390 mg/day (mean, 258.3 mg/day). Four patients received only PHT and the remaining patients received PHT and at least 1 other AED. The serum PHT concentrations were determined prior to and more than 2 weeks after changing the Formulations. We used the same dose for each preparation, and the dose of any other anticonvulsant drug taken by the patients was not changed during the study. Results: The mean serum PHT level was significantly elevated from 9.66 to 19.51 pg/ml after switching the patients to the 10% powder Formulation (p < 0.01). The mean ratio of serum PHT concentrations (S, pg/ml) to dose (D, mgikgiday), i.e. S/D ratio, was also increased significantly from 2.1 to 4.3 after switching preparations (p < 0.01). A decrease in the dose (mean, 85 %) was required in 6 patients. There was a significant positive correlation between extent of the elevation of serum PHT concentration after switching to the 10 % powder and serum PHT concentration before the switch (r = 0.86, p c 0.0003). Furthermore, the elevation of serum PHT levels in the patients receiving only PHT was significantly greater than that in the patients receiving 1 or more other anticonvulsants (p < 0.05). Cuncbsion: These results suggest that the 10% powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10% powder) has a significantly greater bioavailability than the Granular Form (Aleviatino-granules). Therefore, one must be vigilant when switching patients from one Formulation of PHT to another, particularly in patients receiving only PHT. In addition, upon switching, one should consider adjusting the dose to decrease the likelihood of adverse effects and interactions between PHT and other anticonvulsants.
Kenji Emori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in serum phenytoin concentrations in epileptic patients produced by changing phenytoin preparation from Granular Form to a novel 10 powder
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Emori, Akihito Okabe, Kodai Tanaka, Koji Tajiri, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Purpose: It is well known that there is a significant difference in the bioavailability of different preparations of phenytoin (PHT). A novel 10 % powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10 % powder), which was believed to have equivalent bioavailability to the tablet and Granular Formulations, was developed by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. in 1997. This lead us to switch 12 outpatients with epilepsy from the Granular preparation of PHT (Aleviatino-granules) to the novel 10 96 powder. Here, we report that changing the PHT Formulation from the Granular to the novel powder Form produced a significant change in hioavailability. Methods: Subjects consisted of 8 men and 4 women with epilepsy; mean age, 32.7 years; range, 21–58 years; 2 generalized epilepsies and 10 localization-related epilepsies recruited from the outpatient clinics. The dose of the Granular Form of PHT was 90-390 mg/day (mean, 258.3 mg/day). Four patients received only PHT and the remaining patients received PHT and at least 1 other AED. The serum PHT concentrations were determined prior to and more than 2 weeks after changing the Formulations. We used the same dose for each preparation, and the dose of any other anticonvulsant drug taken by the patients was not changed during the study. Results: The mean serum PHT level was significantly elevated from 9.66 to 19.51 pg/ml after switching the patients to the 10% powder Formulation (p < 0.01). The mean ratio of serum PHT concentrations (S, pg/ml) to dose (D, mgikgiday), i.e. S/D ratio, was also increased significantly from 2.1 to 4.3 after switching preparations (p < 0.01). A decrease in the dose (mean, 85 %) was required in 6 patients. There was a significant positive correlation between extent of the elevation of serum PHT concentration after switching to the 10 % powder and serum PHT concentration before the switch (r = 0.86, p c 0.0003). Furthermore, the elevation of serum PHT levels in the patients receiving only PHT was significantly greater than that in the patients receiving 1 or more other anticonvulsants (p < 0.05). Cuncbsion: These results suggest that the 10% powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10% powder) has a significantly greater bioavailability than the Granular Form (Aleviatino-granules). Therefore, one must be vigilant when switching patients from one Formulation of PHT to another, particularly in patients receiving only PHT. In addition, upon switching, one should consider adjusting the dose to decrease the likelihood of adverse effects and interactions between PHT and other anticonvulsants.
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Changes in Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in Epileptic Patients Produced by Changing Phenytoin Preparation from Granular Form to a Novel 10% Powder.
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Emori, Akihito Okabe, Kodai Tanaka, Koji Tajiri, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Purpose: It is well known that there is a significant difference in the bioavailability of different preparations of phenytoin (PHT). A novel 10 % powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10 % powder), which was believed to have equivalent bioavailability to the tablet and Granular Formulations, was developed by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. in 1997. This lead us to switch 12 outpatients with epilepsy from the Granular preparation of PHT (Aleviatino-granules) to the novel 10 96 powder. Here, we report that changing the PHT Formulation from the Granular to the novel powder Form produced a significant change in hioavailability. Methods: Subjects consisted of 8 men and 4 women with epilepsy; mean age, 32.7 years; range, 21–58 years; 2 generalized epilepsies and 10 localization-related epilepsies recruited from the outpatient clinics. The dose of the Granular Form of PHT was 90-390 mg/day (mean, 258.3 mg/day). Four patients received only PHT and the remaining patients received PHT and at least 1 other AED. The serum PHT concentrations were determined prior to and more than 2 weeks after changing the Formulations. We used the same dose for each preparation, and the dose of any other anticonvulsant drug taken by the patients was not changed during the study. Results: The mean serum PHT level was significantly elevated from 9.66 to 19.51 pg/ml after switching the patients to the 10% powder Formulation (p < 0.01). The mean ratio of serum PHT concentrations (S, pg/ml) to dose (D, mgikgiday), i.e. S/D ratio, was also increased significantly from 2.1 to 4.3 after switching preparations (p < 0.01). A decrease in the dose (mean, 85 %) was required in 6 patients. There was a significant positive correlation between extent of the elevation of serum PHT concentration after switching to the 10 % powder and serum PHT concentration before the switch (r = 0.86, p c 0.0003). Furthermore, the elevation of serum PHT levels in the patients receiving only PHT was significantly greater than that in the patients receiving 1 or more other anticonvulsants (p < 0.05). Cuncbsion: These results suggest that the 10% powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10% powder) has a significantly greater bioavailability than the Granular Form (Aleviatino-granules). Therefore, one must be vigilant when switching patients from one Formulation of PHT to another, particularly in patients receiving only PHT. In addition, upon switching, one should consider adjusting the dose to decrease the likelihood of adverse effects and interactions between PHT and other anticonvulsants.
Marilyn Rayner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative Emulsifying Properties of Octenyl Succinic Anhydride (OSA)-Modified Starch: Granular Form vs Dissolved State
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: María Matos, Ali Marefati, Gemma Gutiérrez, Marie Wahlgren, Marilyn RaynerAbstract:The emulsifying ability of OSA-modified and native starch in the Granular Form, in the dissolved state and a combination of both was compared. This study aims to understand mixed systems of particles and dissolved starch with respect to what species dominates at droplet interfaces and how stability is affected by addition of one of the species to already Formed emulsions. It was possible to create emulsions with OSA-modified starch isolated from Quinoa as sole emulsifier. Similar droplet sizes were obtained with emulsions prepared at 7% (w/w) oil content using OSA-modified starch in the Granular Form or molecularly dissolved but large differences were observed regarding stability. Pickering emulsions kept their droplet size constant after one month while emulsions Formulated with OSA-modified starch dissolved exhibited coalescence. All emulsions stabilized combining OSA-modified starch in Granular Form and in solution showed larger mean droplet sizes with no significant differences with respect to the order of addition. These emulsions were unstable due to coalescence regarding presence of free oil. Similar results were obtained when emulsions were prepared by combining OSA-modified granules with native starch in solution. The degree of surface coverage of starch granules was much lower in presence of starch in solution which indicates that OSA-starch is more surface active in the dissolved state than in Granular Form, although it led to unstable systems compared to starch granule stabilized Pickering emulsions, which demonstrated to be extremely stable.
V.k. Indusekhar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride based resins in bead and Granular Form
Reactive and Functional Polymers, 1996Co-Authors: G.s. Trivedi, B.g Shah, V.k. IndusekharAbstract:An anhydride moiety, which leads to carboxylic groups on processing is an interesting starting material as metalchelating agent. Maleic anhydride is found to pose certain problems in preparing a copolymer. Heat of polymerization poses certain problems during copolymerization of styrene-divinylbenzene-maleic anhydride, and also divinylbenzene and maleic anhydride. Two-step addition of solvent is adopted to control the heat of polymerization during the preparation of above copolymers in bulk Form. In case of bead polymerization water cannot be used as suspension medium. In the preparation of copolymer beads, even the presence of small amount of water converts anhydride to carboxylic group, which prevents effective polymerization. Attempts have been made to prepare above copolymers both in bulk and bead Form to get carboxylic resin. The resin is characterised.
Kodai Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in serum phenytoin concentrations in epileptic patients produced by changing phenytoin preparation from Granular Form to a novel 10 powder
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Emori, Akihito Okabe, Kodai Tanaka, Koji Tajiri, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Purpose: It is well known that there is a significant difference in the bioavailability of different preparations of phenytoin (PHT). A novel 10 % powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10 % powder), which was believed to have equivalent bioavailability to the tablet and Granular Formulations, was developed by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. in 1997. This lead us to switch 12 outpatients with epilepsy from the Granular preparation of PHT (Aleviatino-granules) to the novel 10 96 powder. Here, we report that changing the PHT Formulation from the Granular to the novel powder Form produced a significant change in hioavailability. Methods: Subjects consisted of 8 men and 4 women with epilepsy; mean age, 32.7 years; range, 21–58 years; 2 generalized epilepsies and 10 localization-related epilepsies recruited from the outpatient clinics. The dose of the Granular Form of PHT was 90-390 mg/day (mean, 258.3 mg/day). Four patients received only PHT and the remaining patients received PHT and at least 1 other AED. The serum PHT concentrations were determined prior to and more than 2 weeks after changing the Formulations. We used the same dose for each preparation, and the dose of any other anticonvulsant drug taken by the patients was not changed during the study. Results: The mean serum PHT level was significantly elevated from 9.66 to 19.51 pg/ml after switching the patients to the 10% powder Formulation (p < 0.01). The mean ratio of serum PHT concentrations (S, pg/ml) to dose (D, mgikgiday), i.e. S/D ratio, was also increased significantly from 2.1 to 4.3 after switching preparations (p < 0.01). A decrease in the dose (mean, 85 %) was required in 6 patients. There was a significant positive correlation between extent of the elevation of serum PHT concentration after switching to the 10 % powder and serum PHT concentration before the switch (r = 0.86, p c 0.0003). Furthermore, the elevation of serum PHT levels in the patients receiving only PHT was significantly greater than that in the patients receiving 1 or more other anticonvulsants (p < 0.05). Cuncbsion: These results suggest that the 10% powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10% powder) has a significantly greater bioavailability than the Granular Form (Aleviatino-granules). Therefore, one must be vigilant when switching patients from one Formulation of PHT to another, particularly in patients receiving only PHT. In addition, upon switching, one should consider adjusting the dose to decrease the likelihood of adverse effects and interactions between PHT and other anticonvulsants.
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Changes in Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in Epileptic Patients Produced by Changing Phenytoin Preparation from Granular Form to a Novel 10% Powder.
Epilepsia, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Emori, Akihito Okabe, Kodai Tanaka, Koji Tajiri, Masayoshi KurachiAbstract:Purpose: It is well known that there is a significant difference in the bioavailability of different preparations of phenytoin (PHT). A novel 10 % powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10 % powder), which was believed to have equivalent bioavailability to the tablet and Granular Formulations, was developed by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. in 1997. This lead us to switch 12 outpatients with epilepsy from the Granular preparation of PHT (Aleviatino-granules) to the novel 10 96 powder. Here, we report that changing the PHT Formulation from the Granular to the novel powder Form produced a significant change in hioavailability. Methods: Subjects consisted of 8 men and 4 women with epilepsy; mean age, 32.7 years; range, 21–58 years; 2 generalized epilepsies and 10 localization-related epilepsies recruited from the outpatient clinics. The dose of the Granular Form of PHT was 90-390 mg/day (mean, 258.3 mg/day). Four patients received only PHT and the remaining patients received PHT and at least 1 other AED. The serum PHT concentrations were determined prior to and more than 2 weeks after changing the Formulations. We used the same dose for each preparation, and the dose of any other anticonvulsant drug taken by the patients was not changed during the study. Results: The mean serum PHT level was significantly elevated from 9.66 to 19.51 pg/ml after switching the patients to the 10% powder Formulation (p < 0.01). The mean ratio of serum PHT concentrations (S, pg/ml) to dose (D, mgikgiday), i.e. S/D ratio, was also increased significantly from 2.1 to 4.3 after switching preparations (p < 0.01). A decrease in the dose (mean, 85 %) was required in 6 patients. There was a significant positive correlation between extent of the elevation of serum PHT concentration after switching to the 10 % powder and serum PHT concentration before the switch (r = 0.86, p c 0.0003). Furthermore, the elevation of serum PHT levels in the patients receiving only PHT was significantly greater than that in the patients receiving 1 or more other anticonvulsants (p < 0.05). Cuncbsion: These results suggest that the 10% powder Formulation of PHT (Aleviatino-10% powder) has a significantly greater bioavailability than the Granular Form (Aleviatino-granules). Therefore, one must be vigilant when switching patients from one Formulation of PHT to another, particularly in patients receiving only PHT. In addition, upon switching, one should consider adjusting the dose to decrease the likelihood of adverse effects and interactions between PHT and other anticonvulsants.
