The Experts below are selected from a list of 162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gian Paolo Beretta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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QUANTUM THERMODYNAMICS: MICROSCOPIC FOUNDATIONS OF ENTROPY AND OF ENTROPY GENERATION BY IRREVERSIBILITY
2015Co-Authors: Gian Paolo BerettaAbstract:ABSTRACT. What is the physical significance of entropy? What is the physical origin of irreversibility? Do entropy and irreversibility exist only for complex and macroscopic systems? Most physicists still accept and teach that the rationalization of these fundamental ques-tions is given by Statistical Mechanics. Indeed, for everyday laboratory physics, the math-ematical formalism of Statistical Mechanics (canonical and grand-canonical, Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions) allows a successful description of the ther-modynamic equilibrium properties of matter, including entropy values. However, as al-ready recognized by Schrödinger in 1936, Statistical Mechanics is impaired by conceptual ambiguities and logical inconsistencies, both in its explanation of the meaning of entropy and in its implications on the concept of state of a system. An alternative theory has been developed by Gyftopoulos, Hatsopoulos and the present author to eliminate these stumbling conceptual blocks while maintaining the mathematical formalism so successful in applications. To resolve both the problem of the meaning of entropy and that of the origin of irreversibility we have built entropy and irreversibilit
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rigorous axiomatic definition of entropy valid also for non equilibrium states
MEETING THE ENTROPY CHALLENGE: An International Thermodynamics Symposium in Honor#N#and Memory of Professor Joseph H. Keenan, 2008Co-Authors: Enzo Zanchini, Gian Paolo BerettaAbstract:We present a rigorous logical scheme for the definition of entropy, based on operative definitions of all the concepts employed, with all assumptions declared explicitly. Our treatment is an equivalent variation of the general definition of entropy given in E.P. Gyftopoulos and G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics. Foundations and Applications, Dover, Mineola, 2005. However, here we outline the minimal set of definitions and assumptions required to construct the same definition by the most direct and essential sequence of logical steps.
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Rigorous Axiomatic Definition of Entropy Valid Also for Non‐Equilibrium States
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2008Co-Authors: Enzo Zanchini, Gian Paolo BerettaAbstract:We present a rigorous logical scheme for the definition of entropy, based on operative definitions of all the concepts employed, with all assumptions declared explicitly. Our treatment is an equivalent variation of the general definition of entropy given in E.P. Gyftopoulos and G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics. Foundations and Applications, Dover, Mineola, 2005. However, here we outline the minimal set of definitions and assumptions required to construct the same definition by the most direct and essential sequence of logical steps.
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axiomatic definition of entropy for nonequilibrium states
International Journal of Thermodynamics, 2008Co-Authors: Gian Paolo BerettaAbstract:In introductory courses and textbooks on elementary thermodynamics, entropy is often presented as a property defined only for equilibrium states, and its axiomatic definition is almost invariably given in terms of a heat to temperature ratio, the traditional Clausius definition. Teaching thermodynamics to undergraduate and graduate students from all over the globe, we have sensed a need for more clarity, unambiguity, generality and logical consistency in the exposition of thermodynamics, including the general definition of entropy, than provided by traditional approaches. Continuing the effort pioneered by Keenan and Hatsopoulos in 1965, we proposed in 1991 a novel axiomatic approach which eliminates the ambiguities, logical circularities and inconsistencies of the traditional approach still adopted in many new books. One of the new and important aspects of our exposition is the simple, non-mathematical axiomatic definition of entropy which naturally extends the traditional Clausius definition to all states, including non-equilibrium states (for which temperature is not defined). And it does so without any recourse to statistical mechanical reasoning. We have successfully presented the foundations of thermodynamics in undergraduate and graduate courses for the past thirty years. Our approach, including the definition of entropy for non-equilibrium states, is developed with full proofs in the treatise E. P. Gyftopoulos and G. P. Beretta, Thermodynamics. Foundations and Applications, Dover Edition, 2005 (First edition, Macmillan, 1991) [1]. The slight variation we present here illustrates and emphasizes the essential elements and the minimal logical sequence to get as quickly as possible to our general axiomatic definition of entropy valid for nonequilibrium states no matter how “far” from thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Quantum thermodynamics: Microscopic foundations of entropy and of entropy generation by irreversibility
Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti : Classe di Scienze Fisiche Matematiche e Naturali, 2008Co-Authors: Gian Paolo BerettaAbstract:What is the physical significance of entropy? What is the physical origin of irreversibility? Do entropy and irreversibility exist only for complex and macroscopic systems? Most physicists still accept and teach that the rationalization of these fundamental questions is given by Statistical Mechanics. Indeed, for everyday laboratory physics, the mathematical formalism of Statistical Mechanics (canonical and grand-canonical, Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions) allows a successful description of the thermodynamic equilibrium properties of matter, including entropy values. However, as already recognized by Schrodinger in 1936, Statistical Mechanics is impaired by conceptual ambiguities and logical inconsistencies, both in its explanation of the meaning of entropy and in its implications on the concept of state of a system. An alternative theory has been developed by Gyftopoulos, Hatsopoulos and the present author to eliminate these stumbling conceptual blocks while maintaining the mathematical formalism so successful in applications. To resolve both the problem of the meaning of entropy and that of the origin of irreversibility we have built entropy and irreversibility into the laws of microscopic physics. The result is a theory, that we call Quantum Thermodynamics, that has all the necessary features to combine Mechanics and Thermodynamics uniting all the successful results of both theories, eliminating the logical inconsistencies of Statistical Mechanics and the paradoxes on irreversibility, and providing an entirely new perspective on the microscopic origin of irreversibility, nonlinearity (therefore including chaotic behavior) and maximal-entropy-generation nonequilibrium dynamics. In this paper we discuss the background and formalism of Quantum Thermodynamics including its nonlinear equation of motion and the main general results. Our objective is to show in a not-too-technical manner that this theory provides indeed a complete and coherent resolution of the century-old dilemma on the meaning of entropy and the origin of irreversibility, including Onsager reciprocity relations and maximal-entropy-generation nonequilibrium dynamics, which we believe provides the microscopic foundations of heat, mass and momentum transfer theories, including all their implications such as Bejan's Constructal Theory of natural phenomena.
Janusz Badur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics
Energies, 2020Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:The seminal Navier–Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local “working fluid”, which would be able to describe the conversion of “heating” into “working” (Carnot’s type cycles) and vice versa (Afanasjeva’s type cycles). Also, it is overall doubtful that “cycle work is converted into cycle heat” or vice versa. The underlying reason for this situation is that the Navier–Stokes equations come from a time when thermodynamic concepts such as “internal energy” were still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper presents a new exposition of thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes equations. Following that line of reasoning—and following Gyftopoulos and Beretta’s exposition of thermodynamics—we introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as “heating” and “working” fluxes. We also develop the Gyftopoulos and Beretta approach from 0D into 3D continuum thermodynamics. The central role within our approach is played by “internal energy” and “energy conversion by fluxes.” Therefore, the main problem of exposition relates to the internal energy treated here as a form of “energy storage.” Within that context, different forms of energy are discussed. In the end, the balance of energy is presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation energies in the system. These are compensated by total energy flux composed of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation fluxes at the system boundaries. Therefore, the law of energy conservation can be considered to be the most important and superior to any other law of nature. This article develops and presents in detail the neoclassical set of Navier–Stokes equations forming a thermodynamically consistent model. This is followed by a comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) within the context of available energy as proposed in the Gyftopoulos and Beretta monograph. The article also discusses new possibilities emerging from this “continual” Gyftopoulos–Beretta exposition with special emphasis on those relating to extended irreversible thermodynamics or Van’s “universal second law”.
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neoclassical navier stokes equations considering the Gyftopoulos beretta exposition of thermodynamics
Energies, 2020Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Pawel ZiolkowskiAbstract:The seminal Navier–Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local “working fluid”, which would be able to describe the conversion of “heating” into “working” (Carnot’s type cycles) and vice versa (Afanasjeva’s type cycles). Also, it is overall doubtful that “cycle work is converted into cycle heat” or vice versa. The underlying reason for this situation is that the Navier–Stokes equations come from a time when thermodynamic concepts such as “internal energy” were still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper presents a new exposition of thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes equations. Following that line of reasoning—and following Gyftopoulos and Beretta’s exposition of thermodynamics—we introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as “heating” and “working” fluxes. We also develop the Gyftopoulos and Beretta approach from 0D into 3D continuum thermodynamics. The central role within our approach is played by “internal energy” and “energy conversion by fluxes.” Therefore, the main problem of exposition relates to the internal energy treated here as a form of “energy storage.” Within that context, different forms of energy are discussed. In the end, the balance of energy is presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation energies in the system. These are compensated by total energy flux composed of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation fluxes at the system boundaries. Therefore, the law of energy conservation can be considered to be the most important and superior to any other law of nature. This article develops and presents in detail the neoclassical set of Navier–Stokes equations forming a thermodynamically consistent model. This is followed by a comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) within the context of available energy as proposed in the Gyftopoulos and Beretta monograph. The article also discusses new possibilities emerging from this “continual” Gyftopoulos–Beretta exposition with special emphasis on those relating to extended irreversible thermodynamics or Van’s “universal second law”.
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Without heat and work - futher remarks on the Gyftopoulos-Beretta exposition of thermodynamics
International Journal of Thermodynamics, 2018Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of this science. Keeping the line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat” and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In proposed approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and electromagnetic energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of work, heat, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiative energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy (and mass) conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of “neo-classical” Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details.
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WITHOUT HEAT AND WORK – FURTHER REMARKS ON THE Gyftopoulos- BERETTA EXPOSITION OF THERMODYNAMICS
2016Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of our science. Keeping their line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In our approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and radiation energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiation energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of neo-classical Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details. A comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) via the concept of available energy as in the monograph of Gyftopoulos and Beretta [1] will also be commented. A suggestion for local presentation of the second law is finally proposed. References [1] E.P. Gyftopoulos, G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Applications , 1ed. Macmillan Pub. 1991, 2 nd ed. Dover Pub. Inc. Mineola, New York 2005 [2] H. Brenner, Kinematics of volume transport, Physica A349 , 11-59 (2005) [3] M. Feidt, Thermodynamique et optimization energetique das systems et procedes , Technique et Documentation, Paris 1987
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without heat and work further remarks on the Gyftopoulos beretta exposition of thermodynamics
Contemporary Problems of Thermal Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Pawel ZiolkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of our science. Keeping their line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In our approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and radiation energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiation energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of neo-classical Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details. A comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) via the concept of available energy as in the monograph of Gyftopoulos and Beretta [1] will also be commented. A suggestion for local presentation of the second law is finally proposed. References [1] E.P. Gyftopoulos, G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Applications , 1ed. Macmillan Pub. 1991, 2 nd ed. Dover Pub. Inc. Mineola, New York 2005 [2] H. Brenner, Kinematics of volume transport, Physica A349 , 11-59 (2005) [3] M. Feidt, Thermodynamique et optimization energetique das systems et procedes , Technique et Documentation, Paris 1987
Paweł Ziółkowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics
Energies, 2020Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:The seminal Navier–Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local “working fluid”, which would be able to describe the conversion of “heating” into “working” (Carnot’s type cycles) and vice versa (Afanasjeva’s type cycles). Also, it is overall doubtful that “cycle work is converted into cycle heat” or vice versa. The underlying reason for this situation is that the Navier–Stokes equations come from a time when thermodynamic concepts such as “internal energy” were still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper presents a new exposition of thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes equations. Following that line of reasoning—and following Gyftopoulos and Beretta’s exposition of thermodynamics—we introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as “heating” and “working” fluxes. We also develop the Gyftopoulos and Beretta approach from 0D into 3D continuum thermodynamics. The central role within our approach is played by “internal energy” and “energy conversion by fluxes.” Therefore, the main problem of exposition relates to the internal energy treated here as a form of “energy storage.” Within that context, different forms of energy are discussed. In the end, the balance of energy is presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation energies in the system. These are compensated by total energy flux composed of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation fluxes at the system boundaries. Therefore, the law of energy conservation can be considered to be the most important and superior to any other law of nature. This article develops and presents in detail the neoclassical set of Navier–Stokes equations forming a thermodynamically consistent model. This is followed by a comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) within the context of available energy as proposed in the Gyftopoulos and Beretta monograph. The article also discusses new possibilities emerging from this “continual” Gyftopoulos–Beretta exposition with special emphasis on those relating to extended irreversible thermodynamics or Van’s “universal second law”.
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Without heat and work - futher remarks on the Gyftopoulos-Beretta exposition of thermodynamics
International Journal of Thermodynamics, 2018Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of this science. Keeping the line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat” and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In proposed approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and electromagnetic energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of work, heat, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiative energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy (and mass) conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of “neo-classical” Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details.
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WITHOUT HEAT AND WORK – FURTHER REMARKS ON THE Gyftopoulos- BERETTA EXPOSITION OF THERMODYNAMICS
2016Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of our science. Keeping their line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In our approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and radiation energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiation energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of neo-classical Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details. A comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) via the concept of available energy as in the monograph of Gyftopoulos and Beretta [1] will also be commented. A suggestion for local presentation of the second law is finally proposed. References [1] E.P. Gyftopoulos, G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Applications , 1ed. Macmillan Pub. 1991, 2 nd ed. Dover Pub. Inc. Mineola, New York 2005 [2] H. Brenner, Kinematics of volume transport, Physica A349 , 11-59 (2005) [3] M. Feidt, Thermodynamique et optimization energetique das systems et procedes , Technique et Documentation, Paris 1987
Michel Feidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics
Energies, 2020Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:The seminal Navier–Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local “working fluid”, which would be able to describe the conversion of “heating” into “working” (Carnot’s type cycles) and vice versa (Afanasjeva’s type cycles). Also, it is overall doubtful that “cycle work is converted into cycle heat” or vice versa. The underlying reason for this situation is that the Navier–Stokes equations come from a time when thermodynamic concepts such as “internal energy” were still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper presents a new exposition of thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes equations. Following that line of reasoning—and following Gyftopoulos and Beretta’s exposition of thermodynamics—we introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as “heating” and “working” fluxes. We also develop the Gyftopoulos and Beretta approach from 0D into 3D continuum thermodynamics. The central role within our approach is played by “internal energy” and “energy conversion by fluxes.” Therefore, the main problem of exposition relates to the internal energy treated here as a form of “energy storage.” Within that context, different forms of energy are discussed. In the end, the balance of energy is presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation energies in the system. These are compensated by total energy flux composed of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation fluxes at the system boundaries. Therefore, the law of energy conservation can be considered to be the most important and superior to any other law of nature. This article develops and presents in detail the neoclassical set of Navier–Stokes equations forming a thermodynamically consistent model. This is followed by a comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) within the context of available energy as proposed in the Gyftopoulos and Beretta monograph. The article also discusses new possibilities emerging from this “continual” Gyftopoulos–Beretta exposition with special emphasis on those relating to extended irreversible thermodynamics or Van’s “universal second law”.
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neoclassical navier stokes equations considering the Gyftopoulos beretta exposition of thermodynamics
Energies, 2020Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Pawel ZiolkowskiAbstract:The seminal Navier–Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier–Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local “working fluid”, which would be able to describe the conversion of “heating” into “working” (Carnot’s type cycles) and vice versa (Afanasjeva’s type cycles). Also, it is overall doubtful that “cycle work is converted into cycle heat” or vice versa. The underlying reason for this situation is that the Navier–Stokes equations come from a time when thermodynamic concepts such as “internal energy” were still poorly understood. Therefore, this paper presents a new exposition of thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes equations. Following that line of reasoning—and following Gyftopoulos and Beretta’s exposition of thermodynamics—we introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics such as “heating” and “working” fluxes. We also develop the Gyftopoulos and Beretta approach from 0D into 3D continuum thermodynamics. The central role within our approach is played by “internal energy” and “energy conversion by fluxes.” Therefore, the main problem of exposition relates to the internal energy treated here as a form of “energy storage.” Within that context, different forms of energy are discussed. In the end, the balance of energy is presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation energies in the system. These are compensated by total energy flux composed of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and radiation fluxes at the system boundaries. Therefore, the law of energy conservation can be considered to be the most important and superior to any other law of nature. This article develops and presents in detail the neoclassical set of Navier–Stokes equations forming a thermodynamically consistent model. This is followed by a comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) within the context of available energy as proposed in the Gyftopoulos and Beretta monograph. The article also discusses new possibilities emerging from this “continual” Gyftopoulos–Beretta exposition with special emphasis on those relating to extended irreversible thermodynamics or Van’s “universal second law”.
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Without heat and work - futher remarks on the Gyftopoulos-Beretta exposition of thermodynamics
International Journal of Thermodynamics, 2018Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of this science. Keeping the line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat” and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In proposed approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and electromagnetic energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of work, heat, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiative energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy (and mass) conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of “neo-classical” Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details.
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WITHOUT HEAT AND WORK – FURTHER REMARKS ON THE Gyftopoulos- BERETTA EXPOSITION OF THERMODYNAMICS
2016Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Paweł ZiółkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of our science. Keeping their line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In our approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and radiation energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiation energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of neo-classical Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details. A comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) via the concept of available energy as in the monograph of Gyftopoulos and Beretta [1] will also be commented. A suggestion for local presentation of the second law is finally proposed. References [1] E.P. Gyftopoulos, G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Applications , 1ed. Macmillan Pub. 1991, 2 nd ed. Dover Pub. Inc. Mineola, New York 2005 [2] H. Brenner, Kinematics of volume transport, Physica A349 , 11-59 (2005) [3] M. Feidt, Thermodynamique et optimization energetique das systems et procedes , Technique et Documentation, Paris 1987
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without heat and work further remarks on the Gyftopoulos beretta exposition of thermodynamics
Contemporary Problems of Thermal Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Janusz Badur, Michel Feidt, Pawel ZiolkowskiAbstract:Developed during recent two decades the new exposition of thermodynamics developed by Gyfropoulos and Beretta [1] is aimed both to remove logical circularities in teaching as well in removing obstacles for natural generalization of our science. Keeping their line of reasoning, following Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we will introduce the basic concepts of thermodynamics without the notion of “heat and “work”, and will extend the Gyftopoulos and Beretta exposition into three-dimensional continuum thermodynamics [2]. In our approach notion of “energy” and “energy interactions” play a dominant role. The main problem connected with the internal energy concept as a form of ,,energy storage’’ and the transformations of different forms of energy are discussed. Balance of energy is finally presented as a sum of internal, kinetic, potential and radiation energies in the system that are compensated by the total energy flux, which consists of working, heating, chemical, electrical, magnetical and radiation energy fluxes at the system boundaries [3]. The law of energy conservation can be considered as the most important one which is superior over any other laws of nature. An example of neo-classical Navier-Stokes equation, being a model thermodynamically consistent, is developed and presented in details. A comparison with the definition of entropy (for equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) via the concept of available energy as in the monograph of Gyftopoulos and Beretta [1] will also be commented. A suggestion for local presentation of the second law is finally proposed. References [1] E.P. Gyftopoulos, G.P. Beretta, Thermodynamics, Foundations and Applications , 1ed. Macmillan Pub. 1991, 2 nd ed. Dover Pub. Inc. Mineola, New York 2005 [2] H. Brenner, Kinematics of volume transport, Physica A349 , 11-59 (2005) [3] M. Feidt, Thermodynamique et optimization energetique das systems et procedes , Technique et Documentation, Paris 1987
Elias P. Gyftopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Quantum Uncertainty and Nonlocality: Are they Correctly Understood?
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2007Co-Authors: Elias P. GyftopoulosAbstract:In a brief article [1], Seife refers to works by Einstein and Schroedinger and concludes that there is a relentless murmur of confusion underneath the chorus of praise for quantum theory. It is noteworthy that a "murmur" is not necessarily a cause for replacement of any scientific theory, and that the issues raised by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, and Schroedinger's responses to the EPR paper have been satisfactorily resolved by Gyftopoulos and von Spakovsky [2] in a manner that renders the relentless murmur mute and unwarranted.
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Thermodynamic Definition and Quantum-Theoretic Pictorial Illustration of Entropy
Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 1998Co-Authors: Elias P. GyftopoulosAbstract:Cannot analyzed an engine operating between two reservoirs. Through a peculiar mode of reasoning, he found the correct optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of the engine. Clausius justified Carnot’s result by enunciating two laws of thermodynamics, and introducing the concept of entropy as a ratio of heat and temperature of a thermodynamic equilibrium state. In this paper, we accomplish five purposes: (i) We consider a Carnot engine. By appropriate algebraic manipulations we express Carnot’s optimum shaft work in terms of available energies or exergies of the end states of one reservoir with respect to the other, and Clausius’ entropy S in terms of the energies and available energies of the same and states. (ii) We consider the optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of an engine operating between a reservoir, and a system with fixed amounts of constituents and fixed volume, but variable temperature. We express the optimum shaft work in terms of the available energies of the end states of the system, and Clausius’ entropy in terms of the energies and available energies of the same end states. Formally, the entropy expression is identical to that found for the Carnot engine, except that here the change of state of the system is not isothermal. (iii) We consider the optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of a general engine operating between a reservoir R and system A which initially is in any state A1, stable or thermodynamic equilibrium or not stable equilibrium. In state A1, the values of the amounts of constituents are n1, and the value of the volume is V1 whereas, in the final state A0, n0 ≠ n1 and V0 ≠ V1 Using the laws of thermodynamics presented by Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we prove that such an optimum exists, call it generalized available energy with respect to R, and use it together with the energy to define a new property Σ1 We note that the expression for Σ is formally identical to and satisfies the same criteria as Clausius’ entropy S. The only difference is that Σ applies to all states, whereas Clausius’ S applies only to stable equilibrium states. So we call Σ entropy and denote it by S (iv) We use the unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics developed by Hatsopoulos and Gyftopoulos, and find a quantum theoretic expression for S in terms of the density operator ρ that yields all the probabilities associated with measurement results. (v) We note that the quantumtheoritic expression for S can be interpreted as a measure of the shape of an atom, molecule, or other system because ρ can be though of as such a shape, and provide pictorial illustrations of this interpretation. For given values of energy E, amounts of constituents n, and volume V, the value of the measure is zero for all shapes that correspond to projectors (wave functions), positive for density operators that are not projectors, and the largest for the ρ that corresponds to the unique stable equilibrium state determined by the given E, n, and V. Accordingly, spontaneous entropy generation occurs as a system adapts its shape to conform to the internal and external forces. Beginning with an arbitrary initial ρ this adaptation continues only until no further spontaneous change of shape can occur, that is, only until a stable equilibrium state is reached.
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Thermodynamic Definition and Quantum-Theoretic Pictorial Illustration of Entropy
Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 1998Co-Authors: Elias P. GyftopoulosAbstract:Carnot analyzed an engine operating between two reservoirs. Through a peculiar mode of reasoning, he found the correct optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of the engine. Clausius justified Carnot's result by enunciating two laws of thermodynamics, and introducing the concept of entropy as a ratio of heat and temperature of a thermodynamic equilibrium state. In this paper, we accomplish five purposes: (i) We consider a Carnot engine. By appropriate algebraic manipulations we express Carnot's optimum shaft work in terms of available energies or exergies of the end states of one reservoir with respect to the other, and Clausius' entropy S in terms of the energies and available energies of the same end states. (ii) We consider the optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of an engine operating between a reservoir, and a system with fixed amounts of constituents and fixed volume, but variable temperature. We express the optimum shaft work in terms of the available energies of the end states of the system, and Clausius' entropy in terms of the energies and available energies of the same end states. Formally, the entropy expression is identical to that found for the Carnot engine, except that here the change of state of the system is not isothermal. (iii) We consider the optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of a general engine operating between a reservoir R and system A which initially is in any state A 1 , stable or thermodynamic equilibrium or not stable equilibrium, In state A 1 , the values of the amounts of constituents are n 1 , and the value of the volume is V 1 whereas, in the final state A 0 , no ¬= n 1 and V 0 ¬= V 1 . Using the laws of thermodynamics presented by Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we prove that such an optimum exists, call it generalized available energy with respect to R, and use it together with the energy to define a new property Σ 1 . We note that the expression for Σ is formally identical to and satisfies the same criteria as Clausius' entropy S. The only difference is that Σ applies to all states, whereas Clausius' S applies only to stable equilibrium states. So we call Σ entropy and denote it by S. (iv) We use the unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics developed by Hatsopoulos and Gyftopoulos, and find a quantum theoretic expression for S in terms of the density operator ρ that yields all the probabilities associated with measurement results. (v) We note that the quantum-theoretic expression for S can be interpreted as a measure of the shape of an atom, molecule, or other system because ρ can be thought of as such a shape, and provide pictorial illustrations of this interpretation. For given values of energy E, amounts of constituents n, and volume V, the value of the measure is zero for all shapes that correspond to projectors (wave functions), positive for density operators that are not projectors, and the largest for the ρ that corresponds to the unique stable equilibrium state determined by the given E, n, and V. Accordingly, spontaneous entropy generation occurs as a system adapts its shape to conform to the internal and external forces. Beginning with an arbitrary initial ρ, this adaptation continues only until no further spontaneous change of shape can occur, that is, only until a stable equilibrium state is reached.