Haemagogus

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Jeronimo Alencar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Multiple Immersion Effects on Eggs From Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus janthinomys, and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Experimental Conditions.
    Journal of medical entomology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Raquel M. Gleiser, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Alexandre De Araújo Oliveira, Jeronimo Alencar
    Abstract:

    Studies on the bioecology of Haemagogus leucocelaenus Dyar and Shannon 1924, Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar 1921, Aedes albopictus Skuse 1895 (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitos are extremely important from an epidemiologic point of view, as they are known to be vectors of many important pathogens and, therefore, act as the main factor responsible for the maintenance of several zoonoses natural cycles. The present work aimed to elucidate their seasonal egg-hatching rate using the immersion method. Ovitraps were used to collect mosquito eggs from an Atlantic Forest fragment, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from November 2015 to November 2016. After collection, the eggs were immersed 40 times to assess their hatching rate and evaluate the number of immersions resulting in the highest hatchability during the study period. Differences in the proportion of hatched eggs between species and seasons (spring, summer, fall, winter) and in the numbers of immersions in which eggs hatched were assessed using odds ratios. Hg. leucocelaenus was the species with the highest number of eggs hatching in all sampling periods, followed by Ae. albopictus. Most Ae. albopictus eggs hatched on first immersion regardless of season. Both the numbers of eggs and the number of immersion in which the Haemagogus eggs hatched showed high variability within seasons. In spring, the proportion of eggs that hatched on the first compared to further immersions was similar, while in fall and winter a higher percentage (over 94%) of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs hatched on the first immersion; the opposite pattern was observed in the summer. These results differ from previous observations linking increased hatching to warmer months. The number of immersions in which Hg. leucocelaenus eggs hatched varied between seasons, however differences were not statistically significant. These results evidence the need for further studies to elucidate factors that influence hatching patterns.

  • Distribution of Haemagogus and Sabethes Species in Relation to Forest Cover and Climatic Factors in the Chapada Dos Guimarães National Park, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Raquel M. Gleiser, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Fernanda Morone, Hermano Gomes Albuquerque, Nicolau Maués Serra-freire, Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Anthony Érico Guimarães
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Members of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes are the most important biological vectors of the wild yellow fever virus (WYF) in the forested areas of the Americas. The ecologies of Haemago...

  • Distribution of the Mosquito Communities (Diptera: Culicidae) in Oviposition Traps Introduced into the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont N.Y.), 2018
    Co-Authors: Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Ronaldo Figueiró, Jeronimo Alencar
    Abstract:

    The Atlantic Rainforest of South America is one of the major biodiversity hotspots of the world and serves as a place of residence for a wide variety of Culicidae species. Mosquito studies in the natural environment are of considerable importance because of their role in transmitting pathogens to both humans and other vertebrates. Community diversity can have significant effects on the risk of their disease transmission. The objective of this study was to understand the distribution of mosquito communities using oviposition traps in a region of the Atlantic Forest. Sampling was carried out in Bom Retiro Private Natural Reserve (RPPNBR), located in Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro, using oviposition traps, which were set in the forest environment, from October 2015 to December 2016. The canonical correspondence analysis was used to assess the influence of the climatic variables (precipitation, maximum dew point, and direction) throughout the seasons on the population density of the mosquito species. The results showed that population density was directly influenced by climatic variables, which acted as a limiting factor for the mosquito species studied. The climatic variables that were significantly correlated with the density of the mosquito species were precipitation, maximum dew point, and direction. Haemagogus janthinomys was positively correlated with the three climatic variables, whereas Haemagogus leucocelaenus was positively correlated with precipitation and maximum dew point, and negatively correlated with direction.

  • Diversity of yellow fever mosquito vectors in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Carlos Brisola Marcondes, Leandro Silva Barbosa, Hélcio R. Gil-santana, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Júlia Dos Santos Silva
    Abstract:

    Environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps in three sampling sites in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, both sylvatic yellow fever virus vectors, were the most common species found. There is a potential for the transmission of arboviruses in and around these natural reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain entomological surveillance programs in the region.

  • Diversity of yellow fever mosquito vectors in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (SBMT), 2016
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Carlos Brisola Marcondes, Leandro Silva Barbosa, Hélcio R. Gil-santana, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Júlia Dos Santos Silva
    Abstract:

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps in three sampling sites in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: We collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, both sylvatic yellow fever virus vectors, were the most common species found. CONCLUSION: There is a potential for the transmission of arboviruses in and around these natural reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain entomological surveillance programs in the region

Anthony Érico Guimarães - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distribution of Haemagogus and Sabethes Species in Relation to Forest Cover and Climatic Factors in the Chapada Dos Guimarães National Park, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Raquel M. Gleiser, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Fernanda Morone, Hermano Gomes Albuquerque, Nicolau Maués Serra-freire, Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Anthony Érico Guimarães
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Members of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes are the most important biological vectors of the wild yellow fever virus (WYF) in the forested areas of the Americas. The ecologies of Haemago...

  • A comparative study of the effect of multiple immersions on Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito eggs with emphasis on sylvan vectors of yellow fever virus
    Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Raquel M. Gleiser, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Fernanda Morone, Nicolau Maués Serra-freire, Júlia Dos Santos Silva, Anthony Érico Guimarães
    Abstract:

    The effect of multiple immersions on Haemagogus janthinomys , Haemagogus leucocelaenus , Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus terrens eggs was studied. Eggs were collected in April, June, October and December of 2011 in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Most of the Aedes and Ochlerotatus eggs hatched upon the first immersion, while Haemagogus eggs showed a varied instalment hatching response. The number of immersions required for hatching increased for eggs collected closer to the dry winter season.

  • Flight Height Preference for Oviposition of Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Vectors of Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus Near the Hydroelectric Reservoir of Simplicío, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Journal of medical entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Nicolas Dégallier, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Fernanda Morone, Nicolau Maués Serra-freire, Paulo Sérgio Lucio, Anthony Érico Guimarães
    Abstract:

    In this study, the oviposition behavior of mosquito species exhibiting acrodendrophilic habits was investigated. The study was conducted near the Simplicio Hydroelectic Reservoir (SHR) located on the border of the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Samples were collected using oviposition traps installed in forest vegetation cover between 1.70 and 4.30 m above ground level during the months of April, June, August, October, and December of 2011. Haemagogus janthinomys (Dyar), Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Aedes terrens (Walker) specimens were present among the collected samples, the first two of which being proven vectors of sylvatic yellow fever (SYF) in Brazil and the latter is a vector of dengue in mainland Asia. As the data set was zero-inflated, a specific Poisson-based model was used for the statistical analysis. When all four species were considered in the model, only heights used for egg laying and months of sampling were explaining the distribution. However, grouping the species under the genera Haemagogus Williston and Aedes Meigen showed a significant preference for higher traps of the former. Considering the local working population of SHR is very large, fluctuating, and potentially exposed to SYF, and that this virus occurs in almost all Brazilian states, monitoring of Culicidae in Brazil is essential for assessing the risk of transmission of this arbovirus.

  • scientific note natural breeding sites for Haemagogus mosquitoes diptera culicidae in brazil 1
    2011
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Nicolas Dégallier, Helcio R Gilsantana, Anthony Érico Guimarães
    Abstract:

    Haemagogus contains 28 species (Arnell, 1973). Some of them have epidemiological importance through their involvement in the transmission of jungle or sylvan yellow fever (SYF). At least five species have been found naturally infected by the SYF virus and are responsible for maintaining the natural cycle of this zoonosis, and Hg. janthinomys Dyar has been incriminated as the main vector (Arnell, 1973). Immature forms of the genus Haemagogus develop mostly in natural sites such as holes in tree trunks. Less commonly, occurrences in other natural receptacles like bamboo and coconut husks have been recorded. More rarely, occurrences in abandoned vehicle tires have been found. Most of the common sites are well above ground level in the forest canopy (Forattini, 1965). Therefore, these observations remain scarce due to sampling difficulties. The study of the biology of the tropical populations that comprise this genus is of prime importance. There is still no in-depth knowledge regarding the ecology of this genus in areas that are considered to be enzootic for sylvan yellow fever. This paper records breeding sites used by species of Haemagogus collected in different areas of hydroelectric dams and/or environmental preservation areas in Brazil. The study areas are formed by tropical forest biomes characteristic of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest or gallery forest: Tingua Biological Reserve, State of Rio de Janeiro; Itatiaia National Park, State of Rio de Janeiro; Vale do Rio Doce Forest Reserve, State of Espirito Santo; Chapada dos Guimaraes National Park, State of Mato Grosso; Municipality of Uruacu, State of Goias; Municipality of Fortaleza, State of Ceara and Municipality of Sao Salvador, State of Tocantins (Table 1). Some collections were made by the research group of the Arbovirus Laboratory of Instituto Evandro Chagas (Belem, Para). Specimens were collected by a manual water suction device and pipettes. The water was poured into polyethylene trays and the retained larvae and pupae were removed with the aid of a thin paintbrush. The larvae and pupae were then pipetted and packed into 250-ml plastic bags (Whirl-Pak® Bags) for transportation. Volume 121, Number 4, September and October 2010 393

  • estudo morfometrico comparativo de populacoes de Haemagogus leucocelaenus dyar shannon 1924 diptera culicidae vetor silvestre do virus da febre amarela no brasil
    Revista de Ciências da Vida, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Anthony Érico Guimarães, Juliana Barreto Pacheco, Nicolau Maues Serrafreire, Irene Bosch
    Abstract:

    Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon, 1924) e uma especie silvestre, que tem como habitat preferencial a copa das arvores, desenvolvendo suas atividades durante o dia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade de seis populacoes de Hg. leucocelaenus, do Brasil, utilizando a morfometria classica como tecnica de analise. Utilizando analise de variância, observamos uma variacao significativa nos atributos das populacoes em diferentes regioes geograficas. Palavras-chave: Haemagogus leucocelaenus; morfometria; febre amarela silvestre; Brasil

Juliana Silva Nogueira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Possible non-sylvatic transmission of yellow fever between non-human primates in São Paulo city, Brazil, 2017–2018
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Rosa Maria Tubaki, Regiane Maria Tironi Menezes, Mariza Pereira, Giovana Santos Caleiro, Esmenia Coelho, Leila Del Castillo Saad, Natalia Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Juliana Silva Nogueira
    Abstract:

    Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease caused by Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), endemic in some parts of Africa and America. In Brazil, YFV is maintained by a sylvatic transmission cycle involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest canopy-dwelling mosquitoes, mainly Haemagogus -spp and Sabethes- spp. Beginning in 2016, Brazil faced one of the largest Yellow Fever (YF) outbreaks in recent decades, mainly in the southeastern region. In São Paulo city, YFV was detected in October 2017 in Aloutta monkeys in an Atlantic Forest area. From 542 NHP, a total of 162 NHP were YFV positive by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, being 22 Callithrix- spp. most from urban areas. Entomological collections executed did not detect the presence of strictly sylvatic mosquitoes. Three mosquito pools were positive for YFV, 2 Haemagogus leucocelaenus , and 1 Aedes scapularis . In summary, YFV in the São Paulo urban area was detected mainly in resident marmosets, and synanthropic mosquitoes were likely involved in viral transmission.

  • Possible non-sylvatic transmission of yellow fever between non-human primates in São Paulo city, Brazil, 2017-2018.
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Rosa Maria Tubaki, Regiane Maria Tironi Menezes, Mariza Pereira, Giovana Santos Caleiro, Esmenia Coelho, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Leila Del Castillo Saad, Natália Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Silva Nogueira
    Abstract:

    Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease caused by Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), endemic in some parts of Africa and America. In Brazil, YFV is maintained by a sylvatic transmission cycle involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest canopy-dwelling mosquitoes, mainly Haemagogus-spp and Sabethes-spp. Beginning in 2016, Brazil faced one of the largest Yellow Fever (YF) outbreaks in recent decades, mainly in the southeastern region. In Sao Paulo city, YFV was detected in October 2017 in Aloutta monkeys in an Atlantic Forest area. From 542 NHP, a total of 162 NHP were YFV positive by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, being 22 Callithrix-spp. most from urban areas. Entomological collections executed did not detect the presence of strictly sylvatic mosquitoes. Three mosquito pools were positive for YFV, 2 Haemagogus leucocelaenus, and 1 Aedes scapularis. In summary, YFV in the Sao Paulo urban area was detected mainly in resident marmosets, and synanthropic mosquitoes were likely involved in viral transmission.

Cecilia Ferreira De Mello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of Multiple Immersion Effects on Eggs From Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus janthinomys, and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Experimental Conditions.
    Journal of medical entomology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Raquel M. Gleiser, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Alexandre De Araújo Oliveira, Jeronimo Alencar
    Abstract:

    Studies on the bioecology of Haemagogus leucocelaenus Dyar and Shannon 1924, Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar 1921, Aedes albopictus Skuse 1895 (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitos are extremely important from an epidemiologic point of view, as they are known to be vectors of many important pathogens and, therefore, act as the main factor responsible for the maintenance of several zoonoses natural cycles. The present work aimed to elucidate their seasonal egg-hatching rate using the immersion method. Ovitraps were used to collect mosquito eggs from an Atlantic Forest fragment, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from November 2015 to November 2016. After collection, the eggs were immersed 40 times to assess their hatching rate and evaluate the number of immersions resulting in the highest hatchability during the study period. Differences in the proportion of hatched eggs between species and seasons (spring, summer, fall, winter) and in the numbers of immersions in which eggs hatched were assessed using odds ratios. Hg. leucocelaenus was the species with the highest number of eggs hatching in all sampling periods, followed by Ae. albopictus. Most Ae. albopictus eggs hatched on first immersion regardless of season. Both the numbers of eggs and the number of immersion in which the Haemagogus eggs hatched showed high variability within seasons. In spring, the proportion of eggs that hatched on the first compared to further immersions was similar, while in fall and winter a higher percentage (over 94%) of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs hatched on the first immersion; the opposite pattern was observed in the summer. These results differ from previous observations linking increased hatching to warmer months. The number of immersions in which Hg. leucocelaenus eggs hatched varied between seasons, however differences were not statistically significant. These results evidence the need for further studies to elucidate factors that influence hatching patterns.

  • Distribution of Haemagogus and Sabethes Species in Relation to Forest Cover and Climatic Factors in the Chapada Dos Guimarães National Park, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Raquel M. Gleiser, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Fernanda Morone, Hermano Gomes Albuquerque, Nicolau Maués Serra-freire, Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Anthony Érico Guimarães
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Members of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes are the most important biological vectors of the wild yellow fever virus (WYF) in the forested areas of the Americas. The ecologies of Haemago...

  • Distribution of the Mosquito Communities (Diptera: Culicidae) in Oviposition Traps Introduced into the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont N.Y.), 2018
    Co-Authors: Shayenne Olsson Freitas Silva, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Ronaldo Figueiró, Jeronimo Alencar
    Abstract:

    The Atlantic Rainforest of South America is one of the major biodiversity hotspots of the world and serves as a place of residence for a wide variety of Culicidae species. Mosquito studies in the natural environment are of considerable importance because of their role in transmitting pathogens to both humans and other vertebrates. Community diversity can have significant effects on the risk of their disease transmission. The objective of this study was to understand the distribution of mosquito communities using oviposition traps in a region of the Atlantic Forest. Sampling was carried out in Bom Retiro Private Natural Reserve (RPPNBR), located in Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro, using oviposition traps, which were set in the forest environment, from October 2015 to December 2016. The canonical correspondence analysis was used to assess the influence of the climatic variables (precipitation, maximum dew point, and direction) throughout the seasons on the population density of the mosquito species. The results showed that population density was directly influenced by climatic variables, which acted as a limiting factor for the mosquito species studied. The climatic variables that were significantly correlated with the density of the mosquito species were precipitation, maximum dew point, and direction. Haemagogus janthinomys was positively correlated with the three climatic variables, whereas Haemagogus leucocelaenus was positively correlated with precipitation and maximum dew point, and negatively correlated with direction.

  • Diversity of yellow fever mosquito vectors in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2016
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Carlos Brisola Marcondes, Leandro Silva Barbosa, Hélcio R. Gil-santana, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Júlia Dos Santos Silva
    Abstract:

    Environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps in three sampling sites in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, both sylvatic yellow fever virus vectors, were the most common species found. There is a potential for the transmission of arboviruses in and around these natural reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain entomological surveillance programs in the region.

  • Diversity of yellow fever mosquito vectors in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (SBMT), 2016
    Co-Authors: Jeronimo Alencar, Cecilia Ferreira De Mello, Carlos Brisola Marcondes, Leandro Silva Barbosa, Hélcio R. Gil-santana, Daniele De Aguiar Maia, Júlia Dos Santos Silva
    Abstract:

    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps in three sampling sites in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: We collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, both sylvatic yellow fever virus vectors, were the most common species found. CONCLUSION: There is a potential for the transmission of arboviruses in and around these natural reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain entomological surveillance programs in the region

Mariana Sequetin Cunha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Possible non-sylvatic transmission of yellow fever between non-human primates in São Paulo city, Brazil, 2017–2018
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Rosa Maria Tubaki, Regiane Maria Tironi Menezes, Mariza Pereira, Giovana Santos Caleiro, Esmenia Coelho, Leila Del Castillo Saad, Natalia Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Juliana Silva Nogueira
    Abstract:

    Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease caused by Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), endemic in some parts of Africa and America. In Brazil, YFV is maintained by a sylvatic transmission cycle involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest canopy-dwelling mosquitoes, mainly Haemagogus -spp and Sabethes- spp. Beginning in 2016, Brazil faced one of the largest Yellow Fever (YF) outbreaks in recent decades, mainly in the southeastern region. In São Paulo city, YFV was detected in October 2017 in Aloutta monkeys in an Atlantic Forest area. From 542 NHP, a total of 162 NHP were YFV positive by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, being 22 Callithrix- spp. most from urban areas. Entomological collections executed did not detect the presence of strictly sylvatic mosquitoes. Three mosquito pools were positive for YFV, 2 Haemagogus leucocelaenus , and 1 Aedes scapularis . In summary, YFV in the São Paulo urban area was detected mainly in resident marmosets, and synanthropic mosquitoes were likely involved in viral transmission.

  • Possible non-sylvatic transmission of yellow fever between non-human primates in São Paulo city, Brazil, 2017-2018.
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Rosa Maria Tubaki, Regiane Maria Tironi Menezes, Mariza Pereira, Giovana Santos Caleiro, Esmenia Coelho, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Leila Del Castillo Saad, Natália Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Silva Nogueira
    Abstract:

    Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease caused by Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), endemic in some parts of Africa and America. In Brazil, YFV is maintained by a sylvatic transmission cycle involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest canopy-dwelling mosquitoes, mainly Haemagogus-spp and Sabethes-spp. Beginning in 2016, Brazil faced one of the largest Yellow Fever (YF) outbreaks in recent decades, mainly in the southeastern region. In Sao Paulo city, YFV was detected in October 2017 in Aloutta monkeys in an Atlantic Forest area. From 542 NHP, a total of 162 NHP were YFV positive by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, being 22 Callithrix-spp. most from urban areas. Entomological collections executed did not detect the presence of strictly sylvatic mosquitoes. Three mosquito pools were positive for YFV, 2 Haemagogus leucocelaenus, and 1 Aedes scapularis. In summary, YFV in the Sao Paulo urban area was detected mainly in resident marmosets, and synanthropic mosquitoes were likely involved in viral transmission.