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Martina Mackova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolites of 2 2 dichlorobiphenyl and 2 6 dichlorobiphenyl in Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade solanum nigrum snc 9o
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Jan Rezek, Tomas Macek, Jan Doubsky, Martina MackovaAbstract:Abstract The Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) SNC-9O was exposed to 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 4) and 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 10) to follow the metabolites produced. The analytical standards of 4-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 5′-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl, 3-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl have been synthesized. Hydroxy-metabolites of both PCB 4 and PCB 10 were present in the biomass. These appeared mainly as conjugates rather than as free hydroxy-PCBs, both maintained in plant cells. The concentrations of non-conjugated hydroxy-PCBs ranged between 0.9 and 35.2 μg kg −1 of biomass fresh weight and the concentration of the conjugated ones ranged between 2.0 and 113.0 μg kg −1 depending on the position of hydroxyl. The para- position of biphenyl (4 or 4′) seems to be preferred for hydroxylation. Methoxy-PCBs and hydroxy–methoxy-PCBs have also been identified in plant cells. Hydroxyl in the meta- position (3, 3′, 5 or 5′) appears to be preferred for methylation in hydroxy-PCBs. Hydroxy–methoxy-PCBs have occurred in the conjugated form as well.
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plant metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade solanum nigrum snc 9o
Chemosphere, 2007Co-Authors: Jan Rezek, Martina Mackova, Tomas Macek, Jan TriskaAbstract:Abstract The present study is intended to determine metabolites of 12 dichlorinated, seven trichlorinated, five tetrachlorinated and one pentachlorinated PCB congener transformed by black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) Hairy Root Culture SNC-9O. Free hydroxylated PCB metabolites were identified based on the mass spectra characteristics after gas chromatography separation. The number of metabolites decreases with an increasing number of chlorine atoms per molecule of PCB. Dichlorinated PCBs lead always to at least two metabolites. In the case of PCB 9 some metabolites could be identified by comparing their RF values due to available standards. The 2′,5′-dichloro-2-biphenylol, 2′,5′-dichloro-3-biphenylol and 2′,5′-dichloro-4-biphenylol, present as the main metabolite, were found in biomass of SNC-9O Hairy Root Culture. Two monochlorinated biphenylols were found in biomass of SNC-9O degrading PCB 9 congener. It was the only case when metabolites with decreased number of chlorine atoms compared to parent PCB were found. Trichlorinated PCBs mostly lead to a lower number of metabolites but tetrachlorinated and pentachlorinated PCBs mostly did not give any metabolites. In the media, only traces of metabolites were found in sporadic cases, so exudation of unbound biphenylols from the cells is not expected.
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degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by Hairy Root Culture of solanum nigrum
Biotechnology Letters, 1997Co-Authors: Martina Mackova, Tomas Macek, Petra Kucerova, Jiri Burkhard, Jarmila Pazlarova, Katerina DemnerovaAbstract:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present in the commercial mixture Delor 103 were transformed by Hairy Root Culture of Solanum nigrum. Plant growth regulators kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, benzylaminopurin and/or naph-thaleneacetic acid, influenced the cells' growth and transformation of PCBs in a different manner. The cells were able to transform PCBs even if they ceased growing. Young inoculum (16 days) had a 20% lower PCB conversionthan did older inocula (37, 68 days) while biomass increase was much higher using young inoculum. With increasing size of inoculum, transformation of PCBs was stimulated. After 30 days of incubation the average amount of residual PCBs was 40% of the controls at initial PCB concentration of 100 ppm.
Atanas Pavlov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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betalains biosynthesis by beta vulgaris l Hairy Root Culture in a temporary immersion cultivation system
Process Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Atanas Pavlov, Thomas BleyAbstract:Abstract The process of betalains biosynthesis by Beta vulgaris L. Hairy Root Culture in a temporary immersion system was studied. It was established that temporary immersion technique is suitable for the cultivation of Hairy Roots. The immersion frequency had significant effect on the biomass accumulation and the yields of betalains. The Hairy Root Culture biosynthesized 18.8 mg g −1 dry biomass (DB) betalains (9.6 mg g −1 DB betacyanins and 9.2 mg g −1 DB betaxanthins) at immersion frequency with 15 min flooding and 60 min stand-by periods. The maximal growth index (16.6) was achieved at 15 min flooding and 75 min stand-by periods. Data on the relationships in the biological system “Nutrient medium– B. vulgaris L. Hairy Root Culture–Betalains” are presented.
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Radical Scavenging Activity and Stability of Betalains from Beta vulgaris Hairy Root Culture in Simulated Conditions of Human Gastrointestinal Tract
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2005Co-Authors: Atanas Pavlov, Mladenka Ilieva, Petia Kovatcheva, Dimka Tuneva, Thomas BleyAbstract:Stability and radical scavenging activity of betalains, biosynthesized by Beta vulgaris Hairy Root Culture were investigated at different pH values, bile salts concentration, as well as at the in vitro conditions of gastrointestinal tract. It was established that pH below 3 and concentrations of the bile salts up to 4% had no great influence on betalains stability. At the in vitro conditions of gastrointestinal tract betalains are relatively stable, as their radical scavenging activity decrease from 75% inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) to about 38%.
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betalain biosynthesis by red beet beta vulgaris l Hairy Root Culture
Process Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Atanas Pavlov, Vasil Georgiev, Mladenka IlievaAbstract:The time course of growth and betalains biosynthesis by Beta vulgaris L. (cv. Detroit Dark Red) Hairy Root Culture were investigated. It was established that Hairy Root Culture produced 42.2 mg/flasks betalains (26.2 mg/flasks betaxanthins and 16.0 betacyanins) between 6th and 15th days of cultivation. The uptake of sucrose, nitrate and phosphate ions were followed during the cultivation and data on the physiology of the B. vulgaris Hairy Root Culture are presented.
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relationship between type and age of the inoculum Cultures and betalains biosynthesis by beta vulgaris Hairy Root Culture
Biotechnology Letters, 2003Co-Authors: Atanas Pavlov, Vasil Georgiev, Petia KovatchevaAbstract:From a study of the relationship between the type and age of the inocula, and the growth and biosynthesis of betalains in a Beta vulgaris Hairy Root Culture, the best results were achieved with a 14 d inoculum grown in submerged Culture giving 42 mg betalains (16 mg betacyanins and 26 betaxanthins) and 1.5 g dry biomass in 40 ml medium.
Jan Rezek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolites of 2 2 dichlorobiphenyl and 2 6 dichlorobiphenyl in Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade solanum nigrum snc 9o
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Jan Rezek, Tomas Macek, Jan Doubsky, Martina MackovaAbstract:Abstract The Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) SNC-9O was exposed to 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 4) and 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 10) to follow the metabolites produced. The analytical standards of 4-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 5′-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl, 3-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl have been synthesized. Hydroxy-metabolites of both PCB 4 and PCB 10 were present in the biomass. These appeared mainly as conjugates rather than as free hydroxy-PCBs, both maintained in plant cells. The concentrations of non-conjugated hydroxy-PCBs ranged between 0.9 and 35.2 μg kg −1 of biomass fresh weight and the concentration of the conjugated ones ranged between 2.0 and 113.0 μg kg −1 depending on the position of hydroxyl. The para- position of biphenyl (4 or 4′) seems to be preferred for hydroxylation. Methoxy-PCBs and hydroxy–methoxy-PCBs have also been identified in plant cells. Hydroxyl in the meta- position (3, 3′, 5 or 5′) appears to be preferred for methylation in hydroxy-PCBs. Hydroxy–methoxy-PCBs have occurred in the conjugated form as well.
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plant metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade solanum nigrum snc 9o
Chemosphere, 2007Co-Authors: Jan Rezek, Martina Mackova, Tomas Macek, Jan TriskaAbstract:Abstract The present study is intended to determine metabolites of 12 dichlorinated, seven trichlorinated, five tetrachlorinated and one pentachlorinated PCB congener transformed by black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) Hairy Root Culture SNC-9O. Free hydroxylated PCB metabolites were identified based on the mass spectra characteristics after gas chromatography separation. The number of metabolites decreases with an increasing number of chlorine atoms per molecule of PCB. Dichlorinated PCBs lead always to at least two metabolites. In the case of PCB 9 some metabolites could be identified by comparing their RF values due to available standards. The 2′,5′-dichloro-2-biphenylol, 2′,5′-dichloro-3-biphenylol and 2′,5′-dichloro-4-biphenylol, present as the main metabolite, were found in biomass of SNC-9O Hairy Root Culture. Two monochlorinated biphenylols were found in biomass of SNC-9O degrading PCB 9 congener. It was the only case when metabolites with decreased number of chlorine atoms compared to parent PCB were found. Trichlorinated PCBs mostly lead to a lower number of metabolites but tetrachlorinated and pentachlorinated PCBs mostly did not give any metabolites. In the media, only traces of metabolites were found in sporadic cases, so exudation of unbound biphenylols from the cells is not expected.
Tomas Macek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolites of 2 2 dichlorobiphenyl and 2 6 dichlorobiphenyl in Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade solanum nigrum snc 9o
Chemosphere, 2012Co-Authors: Jan Rezek, Tomas Macek, Jan Doubsky, Martina MackovaAbstract:Abstract The Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) SNC-9O was exposed to 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 4) and 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 10) to follow the metabolites produced. The analytical standards of 4-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 5′-hydroxy-2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl, 3-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2′,6′-dichlorobiphenyl have been synthesized. Hydroxy-metabolites of both PCB 4 and PCB 10 were present in the biomass. These appeared mainly as conjugates rather than as free hydroxy-PCBs, both maintained in plant cells. The concentrations of non-conjugated hydroxy-PCBs ranged between 0.9 and 35.2 μg kg −1 of biomass fresh weight and the concentration of the conjugated ones ranged between 2.0 and 113.0 μg kg −1 depending on the position of hydroxyl. The para- position of biphenyl (4 or 4′) seems to be preferred for hydroxylation. Methoxy-PCBs and hydroxy–methoxy-PCBs have also been identified in plant cells. Hydroxyl in the meta- position (3, 3′, 5 or 5′) appears to be preferred for methylation in hydroxy-PCBs. Hydroxy–methoxy-PCBs have occurred in the conjugated form as well.
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plant metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in Hairy Root Culture of black nightshade solanum nigrum snc 9o
Chemosphere, 2007Co-Authors: Jan Rezek, Martina Mackova, Tomas Macek, Jan TriskaAbstract:Abstract The present study is intended to determine metabolites of 12 dichlorinated, seven trichlorinated, five tetrachlorinated and one pentachlorinated PCB congener transformed by black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ) Hairy Root Culture SNC-9O. Free hydroxylated PCB metabolites were identified based on the mass spectra characteristics after gas chromatography separation. The number of metabolites decreases with an increasing number of chlorine atoms per molecule of PCB. Dichlorinated PCBs lead always to at least two metabolites. In the case of PCB 9 some metabolites could be identified by comparing their RF values due to available standards. The 2′,5′-dichloro-2-biphenylol, 2′,5′-dichloro-3-biphenylol and 2′,5′-dichloro-4-biphenylol, present as the main metabolite, were found in biomass of SNC-9O Hairy Root Culture. Two monochlorinated biphenylols were found in biomass of SNC-9O degrading PCB 9 congener. It was the only case when metabolites with decreased number of chlorine atoms compared to parent PCB were found. Trichlorinated PCBs mostly lead to a lower number of metabolites but tetrachlorinated and pentachlorinated PCBs mostly did not give any metabolites. In the media, only traces of metabolites were found in sporadic cases, so exudation of unbound biphenylols from the cells is not expected.
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degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by Hairy Root Culture of solanum nigrum
Biotechnology Letters, 1997Co-Authors: Martina Mackova, Tomas Macek, Petra Kucerova, Jiri Burkhard, Jarmila Pazlarova, Katerina DemnerovaAbstract:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present in the commercial mixture Delor 103 were transformed by Hairy Root Culture of Solanum nigrum. Plant growth regulators kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, benzylaminopurin and/or naph-thaleneacetic acid, influenced the cells' growth and transformation of PCBs in a different manner. The cells were able to transform PCBs even if they ceased growing. Young inoculum (16 days) had a 20% lower PCB conversionthan did older inocula (37, 68 days) while biomass increase was much higher using young inoculum. With increasing size of inoculum, transformation of PCBs was stimulated. After 30 days of incubation the average amount of residual PCBs was 40% of the controls at initial PCB concentration of 100 ppm.
Toshio Furumoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biosynthesis of anthraquinone derivatives in a Sesamum indicum Hairy Root Culture.
Bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Toshio Furumoto, Ryuta SatoAbstract:In order to investigate the intermediacy of 2-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)anthraquinone (MPAQ), a possible intermediate for the biosynthesis of anthraquinone derivatives in sesame (Sesamum indicum), 2H-labeled MPAQ was administered to a Hairy Root Culture of S. indicum. Efficient conversion of fed MPAQ to 2-[(Z)-4-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]anthraquinone ((Z)-MPDEAQ) was observed. Furthermore, administration experiment with 2H-labeled 2-geranyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone, another possible intermediate, showed that it was converted to MPAQ and (Z)-MPDEAQ. The results clearly demonstrated that these substrates are the actual precursors for the production of (Z)-MPDEAQ. In contrast, neither MPAQ nor 2-geranyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone was converted to anthrasesamone B and 2,3-epoxyanthrasesamone B, other anthraquinone derivatives in the Hairy Roots, suggesting that these substrates may not be the common precursors in the biosynthesis of anthraquinone derivatives.
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Biosynthetic origin of 2-geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and its related anthraquinone in a Sesamum indicum Hairy Root Culture
Phytochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Toshio Furumoto, Arata HoshikumaAbstract:Abstract In order to clarify the biosynthetic origin of 2-geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and its biogenetically related anthraquinone, which are possible intermediates of anthrasesamones, [1– 13 C]glucose was administered to a Hairy Root Culture of Sesamum indicum . The labeling patterns of these quinone derivatives indicated that the naphthoquinone ring and geranyl side-chain of geranylnaphthoquinone were respectively biosynthesized through the shikimate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways, and that these quinone derivatives have the same biosynthetic origin.
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2 geranyl 1 4 naphthoquinone a possible intermediate of anthraquinones in a sesamum indicum Hairy Root Culture
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Toshio Furumoto, Tomoko Ohara, Tetsuya Kubo, Yasuhiro Kawanami, Hiroshi FukuiAbstract:2-Geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone was isolated from the Hairy Root Culture of Sesamum indicum. The structure was determined to be 2-[(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-1,4-naphthoquinone on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and chemical synthesis. The production of anthrasesamones A, B and C by the Hairy Root Culture was also confirmed for the first time.
