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Motoyo Itoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formation and spreading of Eurasian source oxygen‐rich Halocline water into the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Motoyo Itoh, Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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formation and spreading of eurasian source oxygen rich Halocline water into the canadian basin in the arctic ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Koji Shimada, Eddy C. Carmack, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Andrey ProshutinskyAbstract:[1] We examine the varieties and spatial distributions of Pacific and Eastern Arctic origin Halocline waters in the Canada Basin using 2002–2003 hydrographic data. The Halocline structure in the Canada Basin is different from the Eastern Arctic Halocline because it includes fresher Pacific Winter Waters that form a “cold halostad” which lies above the Eastern Arctic origin lower Halocline waters. The structure of the halostad in the Canada Basin, however, is not spatially uniform, and depends on the pathway and history of the source water. Pacific Winter Water entering through the Bering Strait becomes salty due to sea ice formation and this, in turn, is dependent on the occurrence and distribution of polynyas. In particular, saline water from the eastern Chukchi Sea forms thick halostad and causes depression of the isohalines in the southern Canada Basin. This depression influences thermohaline structure of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre.
Sarah Zimmermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formation and spreading of Eurasian source oxygen‐rich Halocline water into the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Motoyo Itoh, Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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formation and spreading of eurasian source oxygen rich Halocline water into the canadian basin in the arctic ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
Eddy C. Carmack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weakening of Cold Halocline Layer Exposes Sea Ice to Oceanic Heat in the Eastern Arctic Ocean
Journal of Climate, 2020Co-Authors: Igor V. Polyakov, Eddy C. Carmack, Matthew B. Alkire, Ilker Fer, Vladimir Ivanov, Tom P. Rippeth, Till M. Baumann, Randi Ingvaldsen, Markus Janout, Sigrid LindAbstract:Abstract A 15-yr duration record of mooring observations from the eastern (>70°E) Eurasian Basin (EB) of the Arctic Ocean is used to show and quantify the recently increased oceanic heat flux from intermediate-depth (~150–900 m) warm Atlantic Water (AW) to the surface mixed layer and sea ice. The upward release of AW heat is regulated by the stability of the overlying Halocline, which we show has weakened substantially in recent years. Shoaling of the AW has also contributed, with observations in winter 2017–18 showing AW at only 80 m depth, just below the wintertime surface mixed layer, the shallowest in our mooring records. The weakening of the Halocline for several months at this time implies that AW heat was linked to winter convection associated with brine rejection during sea ice formation. This resulted in a substantial increase of upward oceanic heat flux during the winter season, from an average of 3–4 W m−2 in 2007–08 to >10 W m−2 in 2016–18. This seasonal AW heat loss in the eastern EB is equivalent to a more than a twofold reduction of winter ice growth. These changes imply a positive feedback as reduced sea ice cover permits increased mixing, augmenting the summer-dominated ice-albedo feedback.
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Stability of the arctic Halocline: a new indicator of arctic climate change
Environmental Research Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Igor V. Polyakov, Andrey V. Pnyushkov, Eddy C. CarmackAbstract:In this study, we propose a new Arctic climate change indicator based on the strength of the Arctic Halocline, a porous barrier between the cold and fresh upper ocean and ice and the warm intermediate Atlantic Water of the Arctic Ocean. This indicator provides a measure of the vulnerability of sea ice to upward heat fluxes from the ocean interior, as well as the efficiency of mixing affecting carbon and nutrient exchanges. It utilizes the well-accepted calculation of available potential energy (APE), which integrates anomalies of potential density from the surface downwards through the surface mixed layer to the base of the Halocline. Regional APE contrasts are striking and show a strengthening of stratification in the Amerasian Basin (AB) and an overall weakening in the Eurasian Basin (EB). In contrast, Arctic-wide time series of APE is not reflective of these inter-basin contrasts. The use of two time series of APE—AB and EB—as an indicator of Arctic Ocean climate change provides a powerful tool for detecting and monitoring transition of the Arctic Ocean towards a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean. This new, straightforward climate indicator can be used to inform both the scientific community and the broader public about changes occurring in the Arctic Ocean interior and their potential impacts on the state of the ice cover, the productivity of marine ecosystems and mid-latitude weather.
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Formation and spreading of Eurasian source oxygen‐rich Halocline water into the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Motoyo Itoh, Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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formation and spreading of eurasian source oxygen rich Halocline water into the canadian basin in the arctic ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Koji Shimada, Eddy C. Carmack, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Andrey ProshutinskyAbstract:[1] We examine the varieties and spatial distributions of Pacific and Eastern Arctic origin Halocline waters in the Canada Basin using 2002–2003 hydrographic data. The Halocline structure in the Canada Basin is different from the Eastern Arctic Halocline because it includes fresher Pacific Winter Waters that form a “cold halostad” which lies above the Eastern Arctic origin lower Halocline waters. The structure of the halostad in the Canada Basin, however, is not spatially uniform, and depends on the pathway and history of the source water. Pacific Winter Water entering through the Bering Strait becomes salty due to sea ice formation and this, in turn, is dependent on the occurrence and distribution of polynyas. In particular, saline water from the eastern Chukchi Sea forms thick halostad and causes depression of the isohalines in the southern Canada Basin. This depression influences thermohaline structure of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre.
Fiona A. Mclaughlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sources of dissolved inorganic carbon to the Canada Basin Halocline: A multitracer study
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016Co-Authors: Kristina A. Brown, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Philippe D. Tortell, Michiyo Yamamoto-kawai, Roger FrancoisAbstract:We examine the dissolved inorganic carbon maximum in the Canada Basin Halocline using a suite of geochemical tracers to gain insight into the factors that contribute to the persistence of this feature. Hydrographic and geochemical samples were collected in the upper 500 m of the southwestern Canada Basin water column in the summer of 2008 and fall of 2009. These observations were used to identify conservative and nonconservative processes that contribute dissolved inorganic carbon to Halocline source waters, including shelf sediment organic matter remineralization, air-sea gas exchange, and sea-ice brine export. Our results indicate that the remineralization of organic matter that occurs along the Bering and Chukchi Sea shelves is the overwhelming contributor of dissolved inorganic carbon to Pacific Winter Water that occupies the middle Halocline in the southwestern Canada Basin. Nonconservative contributions from air-sea exchange and sea-ice brine are not significant. The broad salinity range associated with the DIC maximum, compared to the narrow salinity range of the nutrient maximum, is due to mixing between Pacific and Atlantic water and not abiotic addition of DIC.
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Formation and spreading of Eurasian source oxygen‐rich Halocline water into the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Motoyo Itoh, Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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formation and spreading of eurasian source oxygen rich Halocline water into the canadian basin in the arctic ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Koji Shimada, Eddy C. Carmack, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Andrey ProshutinskyAbstract:[1] We examine the varieties and spatial distributions of Pacific and Eastern Arctic origin Halocline waters in the Canada Basin using 2002–2003 hydrographic data. The Halocline structure in the Canada Basin is different from the Eastern Arctic Halocline because it includes fresher Pacific Winter Waters that form a “cold halostad” which lies above the Eastern Arctic origin lower Halocline waters. The structure of the halostad in the Canada Basin, however, is not spatially uniform, and depends on the pathway and history of the source water. Pacific Winter Water entering through the Bering Strait becomes salty due to sea ice formation and this, in turn, is dependent on the occurrence and distribution of polynyas. In particular, saline water from the eastern Chukchi Sea forms thick halostad and causes depression of the isohalines in the southern Canada Basin. This depression influences thermohaline structure of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre.
Shigeto Nishino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formation and spreading of Eurasian source oxygen‐rich Halocline water into the Canadian Basin in the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Motoyo Itoh, Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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formation and spreading of eurasian source oxygen rich Halocline water into the canadian basin in the arctic ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Eddy C. Carmack, Koji Shimada, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Sarah ZimmermannAbstract:[1] We identify the source region and spreading pattern of cold, oxygen-rich water observed in the Halocline of the northern Canada Basin using both Joint Western Arctic Climate Studies 2002-2005 and other data. This water originates in the winter mixed-layer in the Nansen Basin and, because of its convective origin, can be traced by its cold, oxygen-rich properties together with a signature of low potential vorticity. This water, a component of the cold Halocline complex, spreads into the Makarov Basin across the Lomonosov Ridge between 82°N and 86°N, enters the Canada Basin between the Alpha and Mendeleyev ridges, and continues eastward into the Beaufort Gyre north of Chukchi Plateau.
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Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Koji Shimada, Eddy C. Carmack, Motoyo Itoh, Shigeto Nishino, Fiona A. Mclaughlin, Andrey ProshutinskyAbstract:[1] We examine the varieties and spatial distributions of Pacific and Eastern Arctic origin Halocline waters in the Canada Basin using 2002–2003 hydrographic data. The Halocline structure in the Canada Basin is different from the Eastern Arctic Halocline because it includes fresher Pacific Winter Waters that form a “cold halostad” which lies above the Eastern Arctic origin lower Halocline waters. The structure of the halostad in the Canada Basin, however, is not spatially uniform, and depends on the pathway and history of the source water. Pacific Winter Water entering through the Bering Strait becomes salty due to sea ice formation and this, in turn, is dependent on the occurrence and distribution of polynyas. In particular, saline water from the eastern Chukchi Sea forms thick halostad and causes depression of the isohalines in the southern Canada Basin. This depression influences thermohaline structure of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre.
