The Experts below are selected from a list of 45 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Duur K. Aanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unholy marriages and eternal triangles
Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical physical and engineering sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Sabine M. E. Vreeburg, Kristiina Nygren, Duur K. AanenAbstract:In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon. In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus.We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon.
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Unholy marriages and eternal triangles: how competition in the mushroom life cycle can lead to genomic conflict
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2016Co-Authors: Sabine M. E. Vreeburg, Kristiina Nygren, Duur K. AanenAbstract:In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
Stefanie Sprunck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear behavior, cell polarity, and cell specification in the female
2020Co-Authors: Stefanie SprunckAbstract:In flowering plants, the Haploid gamete-form- ing generation comprises only a few cells and develops within the reproductive organs of the flower. The female gametophyte has become an attractive model system to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation and gamete specification. It originates from a single Haploid Spore through three free nuclear division cycles, giving rise to four different cell types. Research over recent years has allowed to catch a glimpse of the mechanisms that establish the distinct cell identities and suggests dynamic cell-cell communication to orches- trate not only development among the cells of the female gametophyte but also the interaction between male and female gametophytes. Additionally, cytological observa- tions and mutant studies have highlighted the importance of nuclei migration- and positioning for patterning the female gametophyte. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms of cell specification in the female gametophyte, emphasizing the importance of positional cues for the establishment of distinct molecular profiles.
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Nuclear behavior, cell polarity, and cell specification in the female gametophyte
Sexual Plant Reproduction, 2011Co-Authors: Stefanie Sprunck, Rita Groß-hardtAbstract:In flowering plants, the Haploid gamete-forming generation comprises only a few cells and develops within the reproductive organs of the flower. The female gametophyte has become an attractive model system to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation and gamete specification. It originates from a single Haploid Spore through three free nuclear division cycles, giving rise to four different cell types. Research over recent years has allowed to catch a glimpse of the mechanisms that establish the distinct cell identities and suggests dynamic cell–cell communication to orchestrate not only development among the cells of the female gametophyte but also the interaction between male and female gametophytes. Additionally, cytological observations and mutant studies have highlighted the importance of nuclei migration- and positioning for patterning the female gametophyte. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms of cell specification in the female gametophyte, emphasizing the importance of positional cues for the establishment of distinct molecular profiles.
Rita Groß-hardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear behavior, cell polarity, and cell specification in the female gametophyte
Sexual Plant Reproduction, 2011Co-Authors: Stefanie Sprunck, Rita Groß-hardtAbstract:In flowering plants, the Haploid gamete-forming generation comprises only a few cells and develops within the reproductive organs of the flower. The female gametophyte has become an attractive model system to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in pattern formation and gamete specification. It originates from a single Haploid Spore through three free nuclear division cycles, giving rise to four different cell types. Research over recent years has allowed to catch a glimpse of the mechanisms that establish the distinct cell identities and suggests dynamic cell–cell communication to orchestrate not only development among the cells of the female gametophyte but also the interaction between male and female gametophytes. Additionally, cytological observations and mutant studies have highlighted the importance of nuclei migration- and positioning for patterning the female gametophyte. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms of cell specification in the female gametophyte, emphasizing the importance of positional cues for the establishment of distinct molecular profiles.
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Female Gametophytic Mutants: Diagnosis and Characterization
Methods of Molecular Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Ronny Völz, Rita Groß-hardtAbstract:: In plants, gametes are formed in multicellular Haploid structures, termed gametophytes. The female gametophyte of most higher plants comprises seven cells, which develop from a single Haploid Spore through nuclear proliferation and subsequent cellularization. The female gametophytic cells differentiate into four distinct cell types, which play specific roles during fertilization and seed formation thereby ensuring reproductive success. In recent years many new techniques and cell type-specific marker lines have been established, making the female gametophyte an attractive system to study mechanisms of reproduction as well as cell specification. The following chapter describes a basic protocol for, first of all, recognizing a female gametophytic mutant and subsequently analyzing the phenotype on a morphological, molecular, and functional level.
Sabine M. E. Vreeburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unholy marriages and eternal triangles
Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical physical and engineering sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Sabine M. E. Vreeburg, Kristiina Nygren, Duur K. AanenAbstract:In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon. In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus.We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon.
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Unholy marriages and eternal triangles: how competition in the mushroom life cycle can lead to genomic conflict
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2016Co-Authors: Sabine M. E. Vreeburg, Kristiina Nygren, Duur K. AanenAbstract:In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
Kristiina Nygren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unholy marriages and eternal triangles
Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical physical and engineering sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Sabine M. E. Vreeburg, Kristiina Nygren, Duur K. AanenAbstract:In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon. In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus.We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon.
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Unholy marriages and eternal triangles: how competition in the mushroom life cycle can lead to genomic conflict
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2016Co-Authors: Sabine M. E. Vreeburg, Kristiina Nygren, Duur K. AanenAbstract:In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two Haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular Haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two Haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two Haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and Haploid Spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
