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Grace P Mccormack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insights gained from the chemical composition of spicules in Haplosclerida porifera demospongiae
Marine Biology Research, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Maria Aguilarcamacho, Grace P Mccormack, Maria V Marra, Maria Belinda Longakit, Liam MorrisonAbstract:ABSTRACTThe shape and arrangement of skeletal structures (spicules) in marine sponges are used in their taxonomic classification but shared spicule patterns often do not correspond to relationships...
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evolution of the main skeleton forming genes in sponges phylum porifera with special focus on the marine Haplosclerida class demospongiae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Maria Aguilarcamacho, Liam Doonan, Grace P MccormackAbstract:Abstract The skeletons of sponges (Phylum Porifera) are comprised of collagen, often embedded with small siliceous structures (spicules) arranged in various forms to provide strength and flexibility. The main proteins responsible for the formation of the spicules in demosponges are the silicateins, which are related to the cathepsins L of other animals. While the silicatein active site, necessary for the formation of biosilica crystals, is characterized by the amino acids SHN, different variants of the silicatein genes have been found, some that retain SHN at the active site and some that don’t. As part of an effort to further understand skeleton formation in marine sponges of the order Haplosclerida, a search for all silicatein variants were made in Irish species representing the main clades of this large sponge group. For this task, transcriptomes were sequenced and de novo assembled from Haliclona oculata, H. simulans and H. indistincta. Silicatein genes were identified from these and all available genomes and transcriptomes from Porifera. These were analysed along with all complete silicateins from GenBank. Silicateins were only found in species belonging to the class Demospongiae but excluding Keratosa and Verongimorpha and there was significant duplication and diversity of these genes. Silicateins showing SHN at the active site were polyphyletic. Indeed silicatein sequences were divided into six major clades (CHNI, CHNII, CHNIII, SHNI, SHNII and C/SQN). In those clades where haplosclerids were well represented the silicatein phylogeny reflected previous ribosomal and mitochondrial topologies. The most basal silicatein clade (CHNI) contained sequences only from marine haplosclerids and freshwater sponges while one silicatein from H. indistincta was more related to cathepsins L (outgroup) than to the overall silicatein clade indicating the presence of an old silicatein or an intermediary form. This data could suggest that marine haplosclerids were one of the first groups of extant demosponges to acquire silicatein genes. Furthermore, we suggest that the paucity of spicule types in this group may be due to their single copy of SHNI variants, and the lack of a silintaphin gene.
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Silicatein expression in Haliclona indistincta (Phylum Porifera, Order Haplosclerida) at different developmental stages
Development Genes and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Maria Aguilar-camacho, Grace P MccormackAbstract:Silicatein is the main protein responsible for the formation of spicules, tiny structures that constitute the silica skeleton of marine demosponges (Phylum Porifera). A unique innovation in Porifera that evolved from the cathepsin L family of proteins, it has been reported that two amino acids (S and H) are necessary to form the catalytic triad (SHN) to enable silica condensation. However, a diversity of silicatein sequence variants has since been reported with a variable pattern of presence/absence across sponge groups. Variants containing CHN or C/SQN at the active site appear more common in sponges from the Haplosclerida. Here, we report the expression levels of five silicatein variants through different developmental stages in the haplosclerid Haliclona indistincta . All five silicatein variants were expressed at low levels in the free-swimming larvae, which lack spicules and expression significantly increased at the two developmental phases in which spicules were visible. At these two phases, silicateins of CHN and C/SQN types were much more highly expressed than the SHN type indicating a possible ability of active sites with these alternative amino acids to condense silica and a more complex evolutionary story for spicule formation in marine demosponges than previously understood.
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does the chemical diversity of the order Haplosclerida phylum porifera class demospongia fit with current taxonomic classification
Planta Medica, 2016Co-Authors: Marieaude Tribalat, Grace P Mccormack, Maria V Marra, O ThomasAbstract:Sponges and their associated microbiota are well known to produce a large diversity of natural products, also called specialized metabolites. In addition to their potential use in the pharmaceutical industry, these rather species-specific compounds may help in the classification of some particular sponge groups. We review herein compounds isolated from haplosclerid sponges (Class Demospongia, Order Haplosclerida) in order to help in the revision of this large group of marine invertebrates. We focus only on 3-alkylpyridine derivatives and polyacetylenic compounds, as these two groups of natural products are characteristic of haplosclerid species and are highly diverse. A close collaboration between chemists and biologists is required in order to fully apply chemotaxonomical approaches, and whenever possible biological data should include morphological and molecular data and some insight into their microbial abundance.
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ultrastructure of the ciliated cells of the free swimming larva and sessile stages of the marine sponge haliclona indistincta demospongiae Haplosclerida
Journal of Morphology, 2013Co-Authors: Kelly M Stephens, Alexander V. Ereskovsky, Pierce Lalor, Grace P MccormackAbstract:Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, IrelandABSTRACT We provide a detailed, comparative studyof the ciliated cells of the marine haplosclerid spongeHaliclona indistincta, in order to make data availablefor future phylogenetic comparisons at the ultrastruc-tural level. Our study focuses on the description andanalysis of the larval epithelial cells, and choanocytesof the metamorphosed juvenile sponge. The ultrastruc-ture of the two cell types is sufficiently different to pre-vent our ability to conclusively determine the origin ofthe choanocytes from the larval ciliated cells. However,ciliated, epithelial cells were observed in a migratoryposition within the inner cell mass of the larval stages.Some cilia were observed within the cell’s cytoplasm,which is indicative of the ciliated epithelial cell under-going transdifferentiation into a choanocyte; whiletraces of other ciliated epithelial cells were containedwithin phagosomes, suggesting they are phagocytosed.We compared our data with other species described inthe literature. However, any phylogenetic inferencemust wait until further detailed comparisons can bemade with species whose phylogenetic position hasbeen determined by other means, such as phylogenom-ics, in order to more closely link genomic, and morpho-logical information. J. Morphol. 000:000–000, 2013.
O Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does the chemical diversity of the order Haplosclerida phylum porifera class demospongia fit with current taxonomic classification
Planta Medica, 2016Co-Authors: Marieaude Tribalat, Grace P Mccormack, Maria V Marra, O ThomasAbstract:Sponges and their associated microbiota are well known to produce a large diversity of natural products, also called specialized metabolites. In addition to their potential use in the pharmaceutical industry, these rather species-specific compounds may help in the classification of some particular sponge groups. We review herein compounds isolated from haplosclerid sponges (Class Demospongia, Order Haplosclerida) in order to help in the revision of this large group of marine invertebrates. We focus only on 3-alkylpyridine derivatives and polyacetylenic compounds, as these two groups of natural products are characteristic of haplosclerid species and are highly diverse. A close collaboration between chemists and biologists is required in order to fully apply chemotaxonomical approaches, and whenever possible biological data should include morphological and molecular data and some insight into their microbial abundance.
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3 alkylpyridinium salts from Haplosclerida marine sponges isolation structure elucidations and biosynthetic considerations
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Rémi Laville, Philippe Amade, O ThomasAbstract:A very little studied marine sponge Callyspongia sp. collected off the coast of Martinique was chemically investigated. The study led to the isolation and structure charac- terization of two new 3-alkylpyridinium salts which belonged to the recently isolated pachy- chaline family. Structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR and detailed high-resolution elec- tron spray ionization mass spectra (HRESIMS)-MS studies. The use of HRESIMS-MS studies proved to be highly efficient to identify two other close derivatives in a mixture. Finally, these studies allowed us to propose a general biosynthetic pathway leading to im- portant 3-alkylpyridinium salts.
Rob W M Van Soest - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suborder Petrosina Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren, 1982
Systema Porifera, 2020Co-Authors: Rob W M Van Soest, John N. A. HooperAbstract:Petrosina Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren (Porifera, Demospongiae) are here defined in new content following earlier proposals for a subdivision of Haplosclerida at the ordinal level suggested by Bergquist (1980a). In the present concept, Petrosina Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren, 1982 are marine Haplosclerida characterized by the possession of an isotropic skeleton, in which spicule tracts or fibres lack orientation. In this respect they differ from the suborder Haplosclerina, which has the skeleton organized in primary ascending and secondary interconnecting tracts or fibres. Spicules are frequently (but not exclusively) smooth oxeas and/or strongyles, in several size categories (Haplosclerina have only a single size category). A further difference which appears to be valid is demonstration of oviparous reproduction (Haplosclerina are probably all viviparous). Petrosina differ from freshwater sponges, here united in the suborder Spongillina Manconi & Pronzato, in having a tangential ectosomal skeleton which frequently takes the form of a crust of intercrossing spicules or a reticulation of spicules of smaller size than those of the choanosomal skeleton. Petrosina differ also from Spongillina in lacking gemmules and special microscleres protecting these asexual resting bodies. Also, spicules in Spongillina are frequently spined. Three families are recognised: Calcifibrospongiidae, Petrosiidae and Phloeodictyidae, differing in their habit and in the organization of the skeleton. Calcifibrospongiidae contains a single species of coralline sponges with a unique aragonitic limestone basal skeleton and a loose skeleton of thin strongyles. Petrosiidae include sponges with an alveolar choanosomal skeleton made by usually thick spicule tracts. Phloeodictyidae have a choanosomal reticulation of single spicules strengthened by independent thick and long tracts of spicules.
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Family Calcifibrospongiidae Hartman, 1979
Systema Porifera, 2020Co-Authors: Rob W M Van SoestAbstract:Calcifibrospongiidae Hartman (Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) combines a stromatoporoid grade of coralline skeleton with a uni- or paucispicular skeleton of thin siliceous strongyles. Since the coralline skeleton of ‘sclerosponges’ is demonstrated to be polyphyletic, the family is classified on the basis of its spicule skeleton. The strongyles in a light reticulation reveals the family as a haplosclerid, positioned in the suborder Petrosina. There is one monotypical Recent genus, Calcifibrospongia Hartman, 1979, possibly related to some fossil coralline sponges.
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flagellia a new subgenus of haliclona porifera Haplosclerida
European journal of taxonomy, 2017Co-Authors: Rob W M Van SoestAbstract:Haplosclerid sponges possessing a unique asymmetric flagelliform type of sigmoid microsclere have been reported from all global oceans. This peculiar spicule, characterized by a circular or elliptical shape, with a longer and sharper curved ending at one side and a shorter and more gradually curved ending at the opposing side, is proposed to be termed ‘flagellosigma’. These sponges invariably also possess smaller normal sigmas while their skeletal structure of oxea megascleres is markedly confused. They are assigned to the large genus Haliclona Grant, 1841 (family Chalinidae) in a new subgenus, Haliclona (Flagellia) subgen. nov. The species belonging to the new subgenus are reviewed and four species new to science are described, Haliclona (Flagellia) indonesiae subgen. et sp. nov., H. (F.) amirantensis subgen. et sp. nov., H. (F.) hiberniae subgen. et sp. nov. and H. (F.) hajdui subgen. et sp. nov. One species, H. (F.) hentscheli nom. nov., is given a new name on account of secondary homonymy caused by its transfer to the genus Haliclona . One species remains unnamed because of paucity of material. Already known species, reassigned to the new subgenus are H. (F.) hamata subgen. et comb. nov., H. (F.) flagellifera subgen. et comb. nov., H. (F.) porosa subgen. et comb. nov., H. (F.) edaphus subgen. et comb. nov. and H. (F.) anataria subgen. et comb. nov. Additional species are likely hiding among many erroneous records of ‘ Gellius flagellifer ’ from wide ranging parts of the global oceans.
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phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida phylum porifera employing ribosomal 28s rrna and mitochondrial cox1 nad1 gene sequence data
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: J Raleigh, Niamh E Redmond, Rob W M Van Soest, Michelle Kelly, Simon A Travers, Brian Bradshaw, Salla Vartia, Kelly M Stephens, Grace P MccormackAbstract:The systematics of the poriferan Order Haplosclerida (Class Demospongiae) has been under scrutiny for a number of years without resolution. Molecular data suggests that the order needs revision at all taxonomic levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of the phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida using many species from across the order, and three gene regions. Gene trees generated using 28S rRNA, nad1 and cox1 gene data, under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, are highly congruent and suggest the presence of four clades. Clade A is comprised primarily of species of Haliclona and Callyspongia, and clade B is comprised of H. simulans and H. vansoesti (Family Chalinidae), Amphimedon queenslandica (Family Niphatidae) and Tabulocalyx (Family Phloeodictyidae), Clade C is comprised primarily of members of the Families Petrosiidae and Niphatidae, while Clade D is comprised of Aka species. The polyphletic nature of the suborders, families and genera described in other studies is also found here.
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mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 phylogeny supports alternative taxonomic scheme for the marine Haplosclerida
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2007Co-Authors: J Raleigh, Niamh E Redmond, Emma Delahan, Seamus Torpey, Rob W M Van Soest, Michelle Kelly, Grace P MccormackAbstract:Recent molecular studies have shown that the sponge order Haploslcerida is polyphyletic as the freshwater sponges appear to be more closely related to other demosponges than they are to the marine haplosclerids. Within the marine haplosclerid clade relationships viewed via 18S and 28S rRNA gene phylogenies suggest that the suborders and many families and genera are also polyphyletic. However, both of these genes are on the same locus and do not evolve completely independently. We have analysed mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene fragments from 44 species of marine Haplosclerida and show conclusively that the classification of this group needs complete revision. Molecular data show a very complicated phylogeny supporting very few morphological hypotheses and little geographical pattern. However, the molecular data contain a great deal of phylogenetic signal at many taxonomic levels and support phylogenies drawn from the other genes.
Niamh E Redmond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida phylum porifera employing ribosomal 28s rrna and mitochondrial cox1 nad1 gene sequence data
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: J Raleigh, Niamh E Redmond, Rob W M Van Soest, Michelle Kelly, Simon A Travers, Brian Bradshaw, Salla Vartia, Kelly M Stephens, Grace P MccormackAbstract:The systematics of the poriferan Order Haplosclerida (Class Demospongiae) has been under scrutiny for a number of years without resolution. Molecular data suggests that the order needs revision at all taxonomic levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of the phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida using many species from across the order, and three gene regions. Gene trees generated using 28S rRNA, nad1 and cox1 gene data, under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, are highly congruent and suggest the presence of four clades. Clade A is comprised primarily of species of Haliclona and Callyspongia, and clade B is comprised of H. simulans and H. vansoesti (Family Chalinidae), Amphimedon queenslandica (Family Niphatidae) and Tabulocalyx (Family Phloeodictyidae), Clade C is comprised primarily of members of the Families Petrosiidae and Niphatidae, while Clade D is comprised of Aka species. The polyphletic nature of the suborders, families and genera described in other studies is also found here.
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large expansion segments in 18s rdna support a new sponge clade class demospongiae order Haplosclerida
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2008Co-Authors: Niamh E Redmond, Grace P MccormackAbstract:Abstract Newly emerging molecular phylogenetic hypotheses involving the sponge Order Haplosclerida (Class Demospongiae) are far removed from traditional views on their classification using morphology. In the new grouping of marine haplosclerid taxa by molecular data all members of one highly supported clade were found to have three large indels in the 18S rRNA gene. These indels were not found in this gene in other marine haplosclerids or in any other demosponges analysed. These indels were found in the variable V4 and V7 region of the gene, had high GC contents and formed stable double stranded helices in the 18S rRNA secondary structure. These indels are very important synapomorphies, provide high support for an alternative taxonomic scheme and could help resolve the phylogeny of this order in conjunction with other phylogenetically informative characters.
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mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 phylogeny supports alternative taxonomic scheme for the marine Haplosclerida
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2007Co-Authors: J Raleigh, Niamh E Redmond, Emma Delahan, Seamus Torpey, Rob W M Van Soest, Michelle Kelly, Grace P MccormackAbstract:Recent molecular studies have shown that the sponge order Haploslcerida is polyphyletic as the freshwater sponges appear to be more closely related to other demosponges than they are to the marine haplosclerids. Within the marine haplosclerid clade relationships viewed via 18S and 28S rRNA gene phylogenies suggest that the suborders and many families and genera are also polyphyletic. However, both of these genes are on the same locus and do not evolve completely independently. We have analysed mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene fragments from 44 species of marine Haplosclerida and show conclusively that the classification of this group needs complete revision. Molecular data show a very complicated phylogeny supporting very few morphological hypotheses and little geographical pattern. However, the molecular data contain a great deal of phylogenetic signal at many taxonomic levels and support phylogenies drawn from the other genes.
Eduardo Hajdu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrative taxonomy of amazon reefs arenosclera spp a new clade in the Haplosclerida demospongiae
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2017Co-Authors: Camille V Leal, Fernando C Moraes, Adriana M Froes, Ana Carolina Soares, Louisi De Oliveira, Ana Paula B Moreira, Fabiano L Thompson, Eduardo HajduAbstract:Two new Arenosclera are described here on the basis of materials obtained from Amazon reefs in 2014, A. amazonensis sp. nov. and A. klausi sp. nov. Both are clearly distinct from all other Arenosclera by their erect, solid funnel to lamellate habit, larger oxeas, and ectosomal architecture bearing occasional multispicular tracts. An integrative approach to find the best classification for both new species failed to group them and A. heroni, the genus’ type species. Nearly complete 28S rRNA sequences obtained from these species’ metagenomes suggested instead a better placement for the new species and A. brasiliensis in clade C (sensu Redmond et al., 2013), while A. heroni fits best in clade A. We propose to name three clades according to the rules of the PhyloCode: Arenospiculap, Dactyclonap and Dactyspiculap, respectively for the clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of the three Brazilian Arenosclera spp.; the most inclusive clade containing Dactylia varia (Gray, 1843) and Haliclona curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980); and the least inclusive clade containing Arenospiculap and Dactyclonap. A Karlin dinucleotide dissimilarity analysis of metagenomes carried out on cryopreserved samples recognized A. amazonensis sp. nov. as the most dissimilar species, thus suggesting a more particular microbiota is present in this Amazon species, an open avenue for extended applied study of this holobiont.
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two new shallow water species of haliclona from north eastern brazil demospongiae Haplosclerida chalinidae
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2016Co-Authors: André Bispo, Monica Dorigo Correia, Eduardo HajduAbstract:Haliclona is an unusually species-rich genus in Porifera, with more than 400 species described. In spite of many subgenera used in the taxonomic housekeeping of these sponges, over half of them remain unassigned to a subgenus, thus encouraging a wide range of redescriptions and taxonomic revisions of materials from all around the world. In this paper, we describe two new Haliclona spp. collected at Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia States (north-eastern Brazil, between 08°46′S and 13°56′S). Haliclona ( Reniera ) chlorilla sp. nov. is a dark green or black coloured, delicately-branched species; and Haliclona ( Soestella ) peixinhoae sp. nov., a beige-coloured, tubular species, where tubes frequently bear large thorns and possess a conspicuous sub-superficial meandering reticulation. These species highlight the importance of including ex-situ collections in compiling baseline data, as both were already present in scientific collections by the 1980s and 1990s.
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Isolated spicules of Demospongiae from Mt. Duello (Eocene, Lessini Mts., northern Italy): preservation, taxonomy, and depositional environment
Facies, 2014Co-Authors: Viviana Frisone, Eduardo Hajdu, Andrzej Pisera, Nereo Preto, Federico Zorzi, Roberto ZorzinAbstract:Today, class Demospongiae is the largest of phylum Porifera but its fossil record, especially for “soft” demosponges, is rather scarce. This study documents exceptionally preserved isolated opaline spicules, unique for the Bartonian of Italy. Interpretation of morphological types of spicules by comparison with living species lead to their attribution to five orders (Astrophorida, Hadromerida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, “Lithistida”), seven families (Geodiidae, Placospongiidae, Tethyidae, Petrosiidae, Acarnidae, ?Corallistidae, Theonellidae) and five genera ( Geodia, Erylus, Placospongia, Chondrilla, Petrosia, ?Zyzzya ). All the described genera are first reported from the Eocene of Europe. This study expands the geographical range of these taxa and fills a chronological gap in their fossil record. The spicules are often fragmented and bear signs of corrosion. They show two types of preservation: glassy and translucent. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirms that both types are opal-CT with probable presence of original opal-A. Despite this, using a scanning electron microscope the texture of freshly broken surfaces is different. Milky spicules show a porous structure with incipient lepispheres. This feature, together with surface corrosion and the constant presence of the zeolite heulandite/clinoptilolite, point to a certain degree of diagenetic transformation. Macro and micro facies analysis define the sedimentary environment as a rocky shore succession, deepening upward within the photic zone. The spicule-rich sandy grainstone represents the deepest facies and was deposited in a middle-outer carbonate ramp environment, in part in a fairly high energy environment close to storm wave base.
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Two new shallow-water species ofHaliclonafrom north-eastern Brazil (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae)
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: André Bispo, Monica Dorigo Correia, Eduardo HajduAbstract:Haliclonais an unusually species-rich genus in Porifera, with more than 400 species described. In spite of many subgenera used in the taxonomic housekeeping of these sponges, over half of them remain unassigned to a subgenus, thus encouraging a wide range of redescriptions and taxonomic revisions of materials from all around the world. In this paper, we describe two newHaliclonaspp. collected at Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia States (north-eastern Brazil, between 08°46′S and 13°56′S).Haliclona(Reniera)chlorillasp. nov. is a dark green or black coloured, delicately-branched species; andHaliclona(Soestella)peixinhoaesp. nov., a beige-coloured, tubular species, where tubes frequently bear large thorns and possess a conspicuous sub-superficial meandering reticulation. These species highlight the importance of includingex-situcollections in compiling baseline data, as both were already present in scientific collections by the 1980s and 1990s.
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Cytotoxic Alkylpiperidine Alkaloids from the Brazilian Marine Sponge Pachychalina alcaloidifera
Journal of Natural Products, 2007Co-Authors: Jaine H. H. L. De Oliveira, A. M. Nascimento, M. H. Kossuga, Bruno C. Cavalcanti, Cláudia Pessoa, Manoel Odorico De Moraes, Mario L. Macedo, Antonio G. Ferreira, Eduardo Hajdu, Ulisses PinheiroAbstract:Four bis-piperidine alkaloids, madangamine F (1), haliclonacyclamine F (2). and arenosclerins D (3) and E (4), have been isolated from the marine sponge Pachychalina alcaloidifera and have been identified by analysis of spectroscopic data. The alkaloids displayed cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines. These results support the hypothesis of a common biogenetic origin for the Haplosclerida bis-piperidine and bis-pyridine alkaloids.
