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G. Alan Marlatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update on Harm-Reduction Policy and Intervention Research
Annual review of clinical psychology, 2010Co-Authors: G. Alan Marlatt, Katie WitkiewitzAbstract:Harm Reduction is a pragmatic approach to reduce the Harmful consequences of alcohol and drug use or other high-risk activities by incorporating several strategies that cut across the spectrum from safer use to managed use to abstinence. The primary goal of most Harm-Reduction approaches is to meet individuals “where they are at” and not to ignore or condemn the Harmful behaviors but rather to work with the individual or community to minimize the Harmful effects of a given behavior. The current review addresses some of the newest developments with respect to Harm-Reduction policy, prevention, and treatment. In particular, this review highlights policies and programs that have been evaluated in peer-reviewed journals and shown to be effective at reducing the Harms associated with alcohol and drug use. The overall goal of this review is to present some of the most recent developments in the field of Harm Reduction.
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Overview of Harm Reduction treatments for alcohol problems
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Katie Witkiewitz, G. Alan MarlattAbstract:Abstract As evidenced by the tremendous range of scholarly articles included in this special issue, it is readily apparent that Harm Reduction is more than a theory, treatment approach, or policy. Rather, Harm Reduction is an orientation and belief system that has widespread empirical support as a means to improve the lives and functioning of individuals who use and abuse alcohol. In this article, we review recent empirical articles and scholarly reviews of Harm Reduction treatments for alcohol abuse and dependence. We focus this review on peer-reviewed articles published in the last 3 years, with a particular emphasis on interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related Harm, including overall levels of consumption and alcohol-related problems. We conclude with a section on books, Web sites, and training and treatment centres devoted to Harm Reduction psychotherapy.
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Harm Reduction: Pragmatic Strategies for Managing High-Risk Behaviors
2002Co-Authors: G. Alan Marlatt, Mary E. Larimer, Katie WitkiewitzAbstract:Part I: Overview of Harm Reduction. Collins, Clifasefi, Logan, Samples, Somers, Marlatt, Current Status, Historical Highlights, and Basic Principles of Harm Reduction. Tatarsky, Kellogg, Harm Reduction Psychotherapy. Part II: Areas of Concentration in Harm Reduction. Larimer, Dillworth, Neighbors, Lewis, Montoya, Logan, Harm Reduction for Alcohol Problems. Phillips, Heavner, Bergen, Nissen, Tobacco: Untapped Potential for Harm Reduction. Roffman, Stephens, Harm Reduction and Cannabis. Kilmer, Cronce, Hunt, Lee, Reducing Harm Associated with Illicit Drug Use: Opiates, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Steroids, and Other Substances. Andrasik, Lostutter, Harm Reduction for High-risk Sexual Behavior and HIV. Denning, Redefining the Treatment of Dual Disorders. Part III: Harm Reduction and Special Populations. Andrasik, Woods, George, The Need for Culturally Competent Harm Reduction and Relapse Prevention Interventions for African Americans. Blume, Resor, Harm Reduction Among Hispanic and Latino Populations. Osilla, Wong, Zane, Harm Reduction for Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations. Kelly, Adolescent Alcohol-related Harm Reduction: Realities, Innovations, and Challenges. Part IV: The Role of Harm Reduction in U.S. Drug Control Policy. Walthers, Weingardt, Witkiewitz, Marlatt, Harm Reduction and Public Policy.
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Harm Reduction: Come as you are
Addictive behaviors, 1996Co-Authors: G. Alan MarlattAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe what Harm Reduction is, how it developed, how it works, and why it is becoming a major approach in the addictive behaviors field. Based on principles of public health, Harm Reduction offers a pragmatic yet compassionate set of strategies designed to reduce the Harmful consequences of addictive behavior for both drug consumers and the communities in which they live. To illustrate how Harm Reduction has been applied to both the prevention and treatment of addiction problems, highlights of a national conference on Harm Reduction are presented. The historical roots of Harm Reduction programs in Europe (Netherlands and the United Kingdom) are described. The paper concludes with a discussion of four basic assumptions central to Harm Reduction: (a) Harm Reduction is a public health alternative to the moral/criminal and disease models of drug use and addiction; (b) it recognizes abstinence as an ideal outcome but accepts alternatives that reduce Harm; (c) it has emerged primarily as a “bottom-up” approach based on addict advocacy, rather than a “topdown” policy established by addiction professionals; and (d) it promotes low threshold access to services as an alternative to traditional high threshold approaches.
Katie Witkiewitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update on Harm-Reduction Policy and Intervention Research
Annual review of clinical psychology, 2010Co-Authors: G. Alan Marlatt, Katie WitkiewitzAbstract:Harm Reduction is a pragmatic approach to reduce the Harmful consequences of alcohol and drug use or other high-risk activities by incorporating several strategies that cut across the spectrum from safer use to managed use to abstinence. The primary goal of most Harm-Reduction approaches is to meet individuals “where they are at” and not to ignore or condemn the Harmful behaviors but rather to work with the individual or community to minimize the Harmful effects of a given behavior. The current review addresses some of the newest developments with respect to Harm-Reduction policy, prevention, and treatment. In particular, this review highlights policies and programs that have been evaluated in peer-reviewed journals and shown to be effective at reducing the Harms associated with alcohol and drug use. The overall goal of this review is to present some of the most recent developments in the field of Harm Reduction.
-
Overview of Harm Reduction treatments for alcohol problems
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Katie Witkiewitz, G. Alan MarlattAbstract:Abstract As evidenced by the tremendous range of scholarly articles included in this special issue, it is readily apparent that Harm Reduction is more than a theory, treatment approach, or policy. Rather, Harm Reduction is an orientation and belief system that has widespread empirical support as a means to improve the lives and functioning of individuals who use and abuse alcohol. In this article, we review recent empirical articles and scholarly reviews of Harm Reduction treatments for alcohol abuse and dependence. We focus this review on peer-reviewed articles published in the last 3 years, with a particular emphasis on interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related Harm, including overall levels of consumption and alcohol-related problems. We conclude with a section on books, Web sites, and training and treatment centres devoted to Harm Reduction psychotherapy.
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Harm Reduction: Pragmatic Strategies for Managing High-Risk Behaviors
2002Co-Authors: G. Alan Marlatt, Mary E. Larimer, Katie WitkiewitzAbstract:Part I: Overview of Harm Reduction. Collins, Clifasefi, Logan, Samples, Somers, Marlatt, Current Status, Historical Highlights, and Basic Principles of Harm Reduction. Tatarsky, Kellogg, Harm Reduction Psychotherapy. Part II: Areas of Concentration in Harm Reduction. Larimer, Dillworth, Neighbors, Lewis, Montoya, Logan, Harm Reduction for Alcohol Problems. Phillips, Heavner, Bergen, Nissen, Tobacco: Untapped Potential for Harm Reduction. Roffman, Stephens, Harm Reduction and Cannabis. Kilmer, Cronce, Hunt, Lee, Reducing Harm Associated with Illicit Drug Use: Opiates, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Steroids, and Other Substances. Andrasik, Lostutter, Harm Reduction for High-risk Sexual Behavior and HIV. Denning, Redefining the Treatment of Dual Disorders. Part III: Harm Reduction and Special Populations. Andrasik, Woods, George, The Need for Culturally Competent Harm Reduction and Relapse Prevention Interventions for African Americans. Blume, Resor, Harm Reduction Among Hispanic and Latino Populations. Osilla, Wong, Zane, Harm Reduction for Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations. Kelly, Adolescent Alcohol-related Harm Reduction: Realities, Innovations, and Challenges. Part IV: The Role of Harm Reduction in U.S. Drug Control Policy. Walthers, Weingardt, Witkiewitz, Marlatt, Harm Reduction and Public Policy.
Phillip O. Coffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Marketing Harm Reduction: a historical narrative of the International Harm Reduction Development Program ☆
International Journal of Drug Policy, 2002Co-Authors: Phillip O. CoffinAbstract:Abstract The International Harm Reduction Development Program (IHRD) was established to develop syringe exchange, methadone maintenance and peer outreach for HIV prevention and health promotion among drug users in Central and Eastern Europe, the Former Soviet Union and Central Asia. This narrative describes the process of program development, since establishment in 1995, through interviews with the three program directors, focusing on the identification of development strategies and obstacles to successful implementation. The goal of IHRD was to establish independent organizations capable of beginning further initiatives in their own and other regions. Few projects were funded in the first 3 years, as IHRD focused on developing a dialogue and network of Harm Reduction providers. Since 1998, the number of projects funded expanded greatly. It is not possible to evaluate the impact on drug users’ health, but evidence exists to suggest that IHRD played a substantial role in establishing Harm Reduction as a viable intervention, in attracting other agencies to support Harm Reduction and in improving the lives of project participants. Although IHRD was originally scheduled to close at the end of 2001, it was granted 3 years of continued operation and continues to expand the number and breadth of programs it funds.
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Policy and intervention histories Marketing Harm Reduction: a historical narrative of the International Harm Reduction Development Program
2002Co-Authors: Phillip O. CoffinAbstract:The International Harm Reduction Development Program (IHRD) was established to develop syringe exchange, methadone maintenance and peer outreach for HIV prevention and health promotion among drug users in Central and Eastern Europe, the Former Soviet Union and Central Asia. This narrative describes the process of program development, since establishment in 1995, through interviews with the three program directors, focusing on the identification of development strategies and obstacles to successful implementation. The goal of IHRD was to establish independent organizations capable of beginning further initiatives in their own and other regions. Few projects were funded in the first 3 years, as IHRD focused on developing a dialogue and network of Harm Reduction providers. Since 1998, the number of projects funded expanded greatly. It is not possible to evaluate the impact on drug users’ health, but evidence exists to suggest that IHRD played a substantial role in establishing Harm Reduction as a viable intervention, in attracting other agencies to support Harm Reduction and in improving the lives of project participants. Although IHRD was originally scheduled to close at the end of 2001, it was granted 3 years of continued operation and continues to expand the number and breadth of programs it funds. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Rhidian Hughes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Drugs, Prisons and Harm Reduction
Journal of health & social policy, 2003Co-Authors: Rhidian HughesAbstract:The use of drugs in society raises important considerations for health and social policy. Critical health and social care issues arise when drugs are used inside prisons. This paper argues that there is an urgent need for prison drug policies to adopt the principles of Harm Reduction. However, current policy orthodoxy emphasises the control of drugs and punishment for drug taking. Key components of Harm Reduction are operationalised in this article by exploring the potential for Harm Reduction in prison within the context of English drug policy. Whilst the focus is on English policy debates, the discussion will have wider international resonance.
Gary A. Giovino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TOBACCO Harm Reduction INVOLVES MORE THAN CIGARETTE Harm Reduction
American Journal of Public Health, 2004Co-Authors: Gary A. GiovinoAbstract:I contributed to the Institute of Medicine report Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction,1 and I am writing to correct misrepresentations made about it in 2 recent articles in the Journal.2,3 The articles suggest that the report signals a rebirth of “safer cigarettes”2 and that it was primarily about cigarette Harm Reduction and less hazardous cigarettes.3 However, the report did not endorse any specific class of products. Rather, the Institute of Medicine committee addressed the feasibility of tobacco Harm Reduction (i.e., minimizing Harm and decreasing total morbidity and mortality without completely eliminating tobacco or nicotine exposure) and addressed questions raised by the Food and Drug Administration about individual exposure and disease risk and the public health implications of potential reduced-exposure products (PREPs) that have been marketed.1 The committee specifically warned against the use of the term “safer cigarette” and instead recommended the use of “PREP” to cover both tobacco and pHarmaceutical products that might be incorporated into a potential Harm Reduction strategy. Tobacco Harm Reduction does not require that modified cigarettes or cigarette-like products be used instead of conventional cigarettes. The tobacco control community is skeptical about the role of combusted products in Harm Reduction, while acknowledging a role for medicinal nicotine as a PREP.4–6 The cigarette industry has been misleading the public for decades1,7 and will likely market PREPs that would expose users to far greater concentrations of carcinogens and other toxicants than would medicinal nicotine.1,8 Low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco, a PREP that is being debated to a considerable extent,9 will likely expose consumers to more carcinogens and other toxicants than medicinal nicotine, but far fewer than conventional or modified cigarettes.1,8 Currently, smokers are inadequately informed about the constituents and risks of various nicotine-delivery devices.10 The committee recommended that a strong research initiative, comprehensive public health surveillance system, and regulatory framework be instituted to minimize the possibility of untoward events (e.g., products that claim to reduce exposure but actually don’t, products that may reduce exposure but don’t reduce Harm, reduced-exposure messages that are misinterpreted by consumers to indicate reduced Harm, increased initiation and relapse, and decreased quitting). Since the use of PREPs poses greater health risks than no tobacco exposure, the public health community should continue to emphasize prevention (i.e., Harm avoidance), cessation (i.e., Harm minimization), and protection from environmental tobacco smoke as it considers the role of tobacco Harm Reduction.
