The Experts below are selected from a list of 8259 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tal Orongilad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring the effects of driving experience on hazard awareness and risk perception via real time hazard identification hazard classification and rating tasks
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013Co-Authors: Avinoam Borowsky, Tal OrongiladAbstract:This study investigated the effects of driving experience on hazard awareness and risk perception skills. These topics have previously been investigated separately, yet a novel approach is suggested where hazard awareness and risk perception are examined concurrently. Young, newly qualified drivers, experienced drivers, and a group of commercial drivers, namely, taxi drivers performed three consecutive tasks: (1) observed 10 short movies of real-world driving Situations and were asked to press a button each time they identified a Hazardous Situation; (2) observed one of three possible sub-sets of 8 movies (out of the 10 they have seen earlier) for the second time, and were asked to categorize them into an arbitrary number of clusters according to the similarity in their Hazardous Situation; and (3) observed the same sub-set for a third time and following each movie were asked to rate its level of Hazardousness. The first task is considered a real-time identification task while the other two are performed using hindsight. During it participants’ eye movements were recorded. Results showed that taxi drivers were more sensitive to hidden hazards than the other driver groups and that young-novices were the least sensitive. Young-novice drivers also relied heavily on materialized hazards in their categorization structure. In addition, it emerged that risk perception was derived from two major components: the likelihood of a crash and the severity of its outcome. Yet, the outcome was rarely considered under time pressure (i.e., in real-time hazard identification tasks). Using hindsight, when drivers were provided with the opportunity to rate the movies’ Hazardousness more freely (rating task) they considered both components. Otherwise, in the categorization task, they usually chose the severity of the crash outcome as their dominant criterion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Char François - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimation des bénéfices apportés en sécurité routière par des avertisseurs de collision frontale pour des piétons et des cyclistes et sensibilité de ces systèmes
HAL CCSD, 2020Co-Authors: Char FrançoisAbstract:In 2016, road fatalities reached 1.35 million in the world according to the World Health Organization. 26% of these fatalities were pedestrians and cyclists. Nowadays, more and more cars are equipped with an emergency system (called FCW – Forward Collision Warning) that can detect pedestrians and cyclists in order to warn drivers of a Hazardous Situation. These systems can also help in collision avoidance either by assisting driver during braking or by activating an Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB). This thesis is focused on Pedestrian and Cyclist AEB and FCW assessment and has three main objectives.First, an analysis on more than 3700 accident case reconstructions (2200 cyclist cases and 1500 pedestrian cases) from two databases, one French and one German has been performed. Accident configurations have been extracted and classified into different scenarios. A simulation software has been implemented in order to replay the accident kinematics with the integration of an AEB by varying their system characteristics. This allows the identification of optimum characteristics for a pedestrian AEB and cyclist AEB in terms of road user detection. It also allows identifying FCW trigger time and the duration of an emergency braking.Secondly, based on an experimental campaign using a driving simulator, the driver’s reactions to a FCW signal have been analyzed on different accident configurations: pedestrian/cyclist cases, with/without FCW and with different FCW triggers. Two hundred volunteers participated in this experiment. The results concern the gaze analysis, the driver’s response to the FCW signal, the time reaction to trigger a braking and the different behavior depending on the driving configurations.The third objective concerns the benefits assessment of a FCW. Based on the results of the driving simulator experiment and the kinematic reconstructions of the accidents, benefits of a FCW are estimated in terms of potential avoided or mitigated accidents.Finally, some perspectives of this work are proposed.En 2016, le nombre de morts sur la route atteignait les 1,35 millions dans le monde selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. 26% de ces morts étaient des piétons et des cyclistes. De nos jours, de plus en plus de véhicules sont équipés de systèmes de d’urgence automatique (appelés FCW - avertisseur de collision frontale) qui peuvent détecter les piétons et les cyclistes et prévenir les conducteurs d’une Situation dangereuse. Ces systèmes peuvent aussi participer à l’évitement de collision soit en assistant le conducteur durant le freinage ou en activant un freinage d’urgence automatique (AEB). Cette thèse se concentre sur l’évaluation d’un AEB et d’un FCW piéton et cycliste et a trois objectifs.Dans un premier temps, plus de 3700 reconstructions d’accidents (2200 cas cyclistes et 1500 cas piétons) ont été analysées provenant de deux bases de données, l’une française et l’autre allemande. Des configurations d’accidents ont été extraites et les cas d’accidents ont été classés en différents scénarios. Un logiciel permettant d’effectuer des simulations a été implémenté de manière à pouvoir rejouer la cinématique des accidents tout en intégrant un AEB avec des caractéristiques adaptables. Cela a permis l’identification des caractéristiques optimums d’un AEB piéton et cycliste en termes de détection d’usager vulnérable de la route mais également du temps de déclenchement d’un FCW et la durée des freinages d’urgences.Dans un second temps, en se basant sur une expérimentation sur simulateur de conduite, les réactions de conducteurs vis-à-vis du signal d’un FCW ont été analysées dans différentes configurations d’accidents : cas piéton/cycliste, avec ou sans FCW ou encore avec différents timing de déclenchement du FCW. Deux cents participants ont pris part à cette étude sur simulateur. Les résultats expérimentaux extraits concernent l’analyse du regard, la réponse du conducteur au signal du FCW, le temps de réaction pour déclencher un freinage ou encore le comportement en fonction de l’environnement de conduite.Le troisième objectif concerne l’évaluation des bénéfices du FCW. A partir des résultats de l’étude sur simulateur et des reconstructions cinématiques des cas d’accidents, l’estimation des effets du FCW a été réalisée en termes d’accidents évités ou atténués.Enfin, des perspectives à ce travail sont proposées
Char François - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimation des bénéfices apportés en sécurité routière par des avertisseurs de collision frontale pour des piétons et des cyclistes et sensibilité de ces systèmes
2020Co-Authors: Char FrançoisAbstract:En 2016, le nombre de morts atteignait plus d'1 million selon l’OMS dont 26% étaient des piétons et cyclistes. De nos jours, de plus en plus de véhicules sont équipés de systèmes d’urgence automatique (appelés FCW - avertisseur de collision frontale) qui peuvent détecter piétons et cyclistes et prévenir d’une Situation dangereuse. Ces systèmes peuvent aussi participer à l’évitement de collision par une assistance durant le freinage ou en activant un freinage d’urgence automatique (AEB).Plus de 3700 reconstructions d’accidents (2200 cas cyclistes et 1500 piétons) sont analysées provenant de bases de données française et allemande. Des configurations d’accidents sont extraites et les accidents sont classés en différents scénarios. Un logiciel implémenté pour rejouer la cinématique des accidents en intégrant un AEB avec différents réglages permet l’identification des caractéristiques optimums d’un AEB piéton et cycliste en termes de détection d’usager vulnérable mais également du temps de déclenchement d’un FCW et la durée des freinages d’urgences.Puis avec une expérimentation sur simulateur de conduite, les réactions de conducteurs face à un FCW sont analysées dans des configurations d’accidents: cas piéton/cycliste, avec ou sans FCW ou avec différents temps de déclenchement du FCW. 200 participants ont pris part à cette étude sur simulateur. Les résultats expérimentaux extraits concernent l’analyse du regard, la réponse au FCW, le temps de réaction pour déclencher un freinage ou encore le comportement en fonction de l’environnement de conduite.Enfin à partir des résultats précédents, l’estimation des effets du FCW est réalisée en termes d’accidents évités ou atténués.In 2016, road fatalities reached 1.35 million in the world according to the WHO. 26% of these were pedestrians and cyclists. Nowadays, more and more cars are equipped with an emergency system (called FCW – Forward Collision Warning) that can detect pedestrians and cyclists and warn of a Hazardous Situation. These systems can also help in collision avoidance either by assisting driver during braking or by activating an Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB).First, an analysis on more than 3700 accident case reconstructions (2200 cyclist and 1500 pedestrian cases) from two databases, one French and one German has been performed. Accident configurations have been extracted and classified into different scenarios. A simulation software has been implemented to replay the accident kinematics with different AEB system characteristics. This allows the identification of optimum characteristics for a pedestrian and cyclist AEB in terms of road user detection and FCW trigger time and the duration of an emergency braking.Secondly, based on an campaign using a driving simulator, the driver’s reactions to a FCW signal have been analyzed on different accident configurations: pedestrian/cyclist cases, with/without FCW and with different FCW triggers. 200 volunteers participated in this experiment. The results concern the gaze analysis, the driver’s response to the FCW signal, the time reaction to trigger a braking and the different behavior depending on the driving configurations.Last, based on the results of the driving simulator experiment and the kinematic reconstructions of the accidents, benefits of a FCW are estimated in terms of potential avoided or mitigated accidents
Avinoam Borowsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring the effects of driving experience on hazard awareness and risk perception via real time hazard identification hazard classification and rating tasks
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013Co-Authors: Avinoam Borowsky, Tal OrongiladAbstract:This study investigated the effects of driving experience on hazard awareness and risk perception skills. These topics have previously been investigated separately, yet a novel approach is suggested where hazard awareness and risk perception are examined concurrently. Young, newly qualified drivers, experienced drivers, and a group of commercial drivers, namely, taxi drivers performed three consecutive tasks: (1) observed 10 short movies of real-world driving Situations and were asked to press a button each time they identified a Hazardous Situation; (2) observed one of three possible sub-sets of 8 movies (out of the 10 they have seen earlier) for the second time, and were asked to categorize them into an arbitrary number of clusters according to the similarity in their Hazardous Situation; and (3) observed the same sub-set for a third time and following each movie were asked to rate its level of Hazardousness. The first task is considered a real-time identification task while the other two are performed using hindsight. During it participants’ eye movements were recorded. Results showed that taxi drivers were more sensitive to hidden hazards than the other driver groups and that young-novices were the least sensitive. Young-novice drivers also relied heavily on materialized hazards in their categorization structure. In addition, it emerged that risk perception was derived from two major components: the likelihood of a crash and the severity of its outcome. Yet, the outcome was rarely considered under time pressure (i.e., in real-time hazard identification tasks). Using hindsight, when drivers were provided with the opportunity to rate the movies’ Hazardousness more freely (rating task) they considered both components. Otherwise, in the categorization task, they usually chose the severity of the crash outcome as their dominant criterion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
M Aoki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of driver s Hazardous Situation using coarse far infrared image
IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2008Co-Authors: M Nakayama, S Katahara, M AokiAbstract:In this paper we propose a simple method to detect driverpsilas Hazardous Situation using coarse (8 by 6) far-infrared image. We utilized horizontal and vertical peripheral accumulation distribution of the original coarse thermal image. We could do without thresholding procedure using maximum position of these two distributions as face/head position. The tracking of face/head position is used to determine the driverpsilas Hazardous Situation. The most typical case is the face/head position goes out of the image. The other cases are a jerky motion and a no motion for a long time. The proposed method was applied to three scenes (two for the driver and one for the child in the front seat) of actual driving and show the usefulness of the proposed method in detecting driverpsilas Hazardous Situation.
