The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Derrick W Crook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transmission of staphylococcus aureus between Health Care Workers the environment and patients in an intensive Care unit a longitudinal cohort study based on whole genome sequencing
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: James Price, Kevin Cole, Andrew Bexley, Vasiliki Kostiou, David W Eyre, Tanya Golubchik, Daniel J Wilson, Derrick W CrookAbstract:Summary Background Health-Care Workers have been implicated in nosocomial outbreaks of Staphylococcus aureus , but the dearth of evidence from non-outbreak situations means that routine Health-Care worker screening and S aureus eradication are controversial. We aimed to determine how often S aureus is transmitted from Health-Care Workers or the environment to patients in an intensive Care unit (ICU) and a high-dependency unit (HDU) where standard infection control measures were in place. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, we systematically sampled Health-Care Workers, the environment, and patients over 14 months at the ICU and HDU of the Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, England. Nasal swabs were taken from Health-Care Workers every 4 weeks, bed spaces were sampled monthly, and screening swabs were obtained from patients at admission to the ICU or HDU, weekly thereafter, and at discharge. Isolates were cultured and their whole genome sequenced, and we used the threshold of 40 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or fewer to define subtypes and infer recent transmission. Findings Between Oct 31, 2011, and Dec 23, 2012, we sampled 198 Health-Care Workers, 40 environmental locations, and 1854 patients; 1819 isolates were sequenced. Median nasal carriage rate of S aureus in Health-Care Workers at 4-weekly timepoints was 36·9% (IQR 35·7–37·3), and 115 (58%) Health-Care Workers had S aureus detected at least once during the study. S aureus was identified in 8–50% of environmental samples. 605 genetically distinct subtypes were identified (median SNV difference 273, IQR 162–399) at a rate of 38 (IQR 34–42) per 4-weekly cycle. Only 25 instances of transmission to patients (seven from Health-Care Workers, two from the environment, and 16 from other patients) were detected. Interpretation In the presence of standard infection control measures, Health-Care Workers were infrequently sources of transmission to patients. S aureus epidemiology in the ICU and HDU is characterised by continuous ingress of distinct subtypes rather than transmission of genetically related strains. Funding UK Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK National Institute for Health Research, and Public Health England.
Francesca J Torriani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sars cov 2 infection after vaccination in Health Care Workers in california
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Jocelyn Keehner, Lucy E Horton, Michael A Pfeffer, Christopher A Longhurst, Robert T Schooley, Judith S Currier, Shira R Abeles, Francesca J TorrianiAbstract:SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Infection in Health Workers After more than 36,500 Health Care Workers at the University of California received at least one dose of vaccine, 71% of 379 Workers with positive...
Pascal Lexmond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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covid 19 in Health Care Workers in three hospitals in the south of the netherlands a cross sectional study
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Reina S Sikkema, Suzan D Pas, David F Nieuwenhuijse, Aine Otoole, Jaco J Verweij, Anne Van Der Linden, Irina Chestakova, Claudia M E Schapendonk, Mark Pronk, Pascal LexmondAbstract:Background 10 days after the first reported case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the Netherlands (on Feb 27, 2020), 55 (4%) of 1497 Health-Care Workers in nine hospitals located in the south of the Netherlands had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We aimed to gain insight in possible sources of infection in Health-Care Workers. Methods We did a cross-sectional study at three of the nine hospitals located in the south of the Netherlands. We screened Health-Care Workers at the participating hospitals for SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on clinical symptoms (fever or mild respiratory symptoms) in the 10 days before screening. We obtained epidemiological data through structured interviews with Health-Care Workers and combined this information with data from whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples taken from Health-Care Workers and patients. We did an in-depth analysis of sources and modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Health-Care Workers and patients. Findings Between March 2 and March 12, 2020, 1796 (15%) of 12022 Health-Care Workers were screened, of whom 96 (5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We obtained complete and near-complete genome sequences from 50 HealthCare Workers and ten patients. Most sequences were grouped in three clusters, with two clusters showing local circulation within the region. The noted patterns were consistent with multiple introductions into the hospitals through community-acquired infections and local amplification in the community. Interpretation Although direct transmission in the hospitals cannot be ruled out, our data do not support widespread nosocomial transmission as the source of infection in patients or Health-Care Workers. Funding EU Horizon 2020 (RECoVer, VEO, and the European Joint Programme One Health METASTAVA), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
Fiona Warren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antibody status and incidence of sars cov 2 infection in Health Care Workers
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Sheila F Lumley, D Odonnell, Nicole Stoesser, Philippa C Matthews, Alison Howarth, Stephanie B Hatch, Brian D Marsden, S Cox, Tim James, Fiona WarrenAbstract:Background The relationship between the presence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the risk of subsequent reinfection remains unclear. Methods We investigated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in seropositive and seronegative Health Care Workers attending testing of asymptomatic and symptomatic staff at Oxford University Hospitals in the United Kingdom. Baseline antibody status was determined by anti-spike (primary analysis) and anti-nucleocapsid IgG assays, and staff members were followed for up to 31 weeks. We estimated the relative incidence of PCR-positive test results and new symptomatic infection according to antibody status, adjusting for age, participant-reported gender, and changes in incidence over time. Results A total of 12,541 Health Care Workers participated and had anti-spike IgG measured; 11,364 were followed up after negative antibody results and 1265 after positive results, including 88 in whom seroconversion occurred during follow-up. A total of 223 anti-spike-seronegative Health Care Workers had a positive PCR test (1.09 per 10,000 days at risk), 100 during screening while they were asymptomatic and 123 while symptomatic, whereas 2 anti-spike-seropositive Health Care Workers had a positive PCR test (0.13 per 10,000 days at risk), and both Workers were asymptomatic when tested (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.44; P = 0.002). There were no symptomatic infections in Workers with anti-spike antibodies. Rate ratios were similar when the anti-nucleocapsid IgG assay was used alone or in combination with the anti-spike IgG assay to determine baseline status. Conclusions The presence of anti-spike or anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was associated with a substantially reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the ensuing 6 months. (Funded by the U.K. Government Department of Health and Social Care and others.).
Janet E Hiller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sharps injury and body fluid exposure among Health Care Workers in an australian tertiary hospital
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2008Co-Authors: Phillip J Tully, Karen Boss, Janet E HillerAbstract:To examine sharps injury and body fluid exposure among Health Care Workers, a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted in a 1000-bed tertiary hospital between 2000 and 2003 using surveillance data of all reported sharps injuries and body fluid exposures. A total of 640 sharps injuries and body fluid exposures were reported from hospital and nonhospital staff, although no seroconversions to HIV, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus were observed during the study period. Nurses reported 47% of sharps injuries and 68% of body fluid exposures, medical staff reported 38% and 16%, and other nonmedical staff notified 5% and 4%, respectively, while nonhospital staff reported the rest. Hollow-bore needles accounted for 56% of sharps injuries, while 11% of the incidents were sustained during recapping and inappropriate disposal. Further research into Australian work practices, disposal systems, education strategies, and the use of safety sharps should be emphasized to implement strategies to reduce work-related injuries among Health Care Workers.
