The Experts below are selected from a list of 74601 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeff Gow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Health Expenditure and gross domestic product: causality analysis by income level.
International journal of health economics and management, 2019Co-Authors: Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Khorshed Alam, Jeff GowAbstract:The empirical findings on the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and Health Expenditure are diverse. The influence of income levels on this causal relationship is unclear. This study examines if the direction of causality and income elasticity of Health Expenditure varies with income level. It uses the 1995–2014 panel data of 161 countries divided into four income groups. Unit root, cointegration and causality tests were employed to examine the relationship between GDP and Health Expenditure. Impulse-response functions and forecast-error variance decomposition tests were conducted to measure the responsiveness of Health Expenditure to changes in GDP. Finally, the common correlated effects mean group method was used to examine the income elasticity of Health Expenditure. Findings show that no long-term cointegration exists, and the growth in Health Expenditure and GDP across income levels has a different causal relationship when cross-sectional dependence in the panel is accounted for. About 43% of the variation in global Health Expenditure growth can be explained by economic growth. Income shocks affect Health Expenditure of high-income countries more than lower-income countries. Lastly, the income elasticity of Health Expenditure is less than one for all income levels. Therefore, Healthcare is a necessity. In comparison with markets, governments have greater obligation to provide essential Health care services. Such results have noticeable policy implications, especially for low-income countries where GDP growth does not cause increased Health Expenditure.
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The Impact of Immigration on Public and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in OECD Countries
Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2019Co-Authors: Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Khorshed Alam, Jeff GowAbstract:This paper examined the impact of the inflow of new immigrants on public and out-of-pocket Health Expenditure in 33 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Developments (OECD) countries over the period of 2000–2015. Dynamic panel data analysis is carried out using the one-step system ‘Generalised Method of Moments’ and the instrumental variable (IV) estimation approach whilst controlling for potential endogeneity. The inflow of new immigrants is modelled as a determinant of Health Expenditure. The results are robust to both static and dynamic models. The results show that an increasing inflow of immigrants is significantly related to out-of-pocket, but, surprisingly, not with public Health Expenditure. Moreover, the findings are similar for countries that primarily have publicly funded Healthcare systems or those more dominated by private financing of Healthcare. It can be concluded that new immigrants do not seek publicly funded Healthcare at least at the initial years of their relocation and that their arrival does not trigger a significant rise in public Healthcare Expenditure in the OECD countries.
Ning Ning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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catastrophic Health Expenditure and rural household impoverishment in china what role does the new cooperative Health insurance scheme play
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Chaojie Liu, Yanhua Hao, Zheng Kang, Xin Xie, Hui Yin, Mingli Jiao, Guoxiang Liu, Ning NingAbstract:Objective To determine whether the New Cooperative Medical Insurance Scheme (NCMS) is associated with decreased levels of catastrophic Health Expenditure and reduced impoverishment due to medical expenses in rural households of China. Methods An analysis of a national representative sample of 38,945 rural households (129,635 people) from the 2008 National Health Service Survey was performed. Logistic regression models used binary indicator of catastrophic Health Expenditure as dependent variable, with household consumption, demographic characteristics, Health insurance schemes, and chronic illness as independent variables. Results Higher percentage of households experiencing catastrophic Health Expenditure and medical impoverishment correlates to increased Health care need. While the higher socio-economic status households had similar levels of catastrophic Health Expenditure as compared with the lowest. Households covered by the NCMS had similar levels of catastrophic Health Expenditure and medical impoverishment as those without Health insurance. Conclusion Despite over 95% of coverage, the NCMS has failed to prevent catastrophic Health Expenditure and medical impoverishment. An upgrade of benefit packages is needed, and effective cost control mechanisms on the provider side needs to be considered.
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factors affecting catastrophic Health Expenditure and impoverishment from medical expenses in china policy implications of universal Health insurance
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2012Co-Authors: David Legge, Yanhua Hao, Lijun Gao, Ning Ning, Gang WanAbstract:Expenditure. Findings The rate of catastrophic Health Expenditure was 13.0%; that of impoverishment was 7.5%. Rates of catastrophic Health Expenditure were higher among households having members who were hospitalized, elderly, or chronically ill, as well as in households in rural or poorer regions. A combination of adverse factors increased the risk of catastrophic Health Expenditure. Families enrolled in the urban employee or resident insurance schemes had lower rates of catastrophic Health Expenditure than those enrolled in the new rural corporative scheme. The need for and use of Health care, demographics, type of benefit package and type of provider payment method were the determinants of catastrophic Health Expenditure. Conclusion Although China has greatly expanded Health insurance coverage, financial protection remains insufficient. Policy-makers should focus on designing improved insurance plans by expanding the benefit package, redesigning cost sharing arrangements and provider payment methods and developing more effective Expenditure control strategies.
Pablo Villalobos Dintrans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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out of pocket Health Expenditure differences in chile insurance performance or selection
Health Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Pablo Villalobos DintransAbstract:Abstract Chile has a mixed Health system with public and private actors engaged in provision and insurance. This dual system generates important differences in Health Expenditure between private and public insurances. Selection is a preeminent feature of the Chilean insurance system. In order to explain the role of the insurance in out-of-pocket Expenditures between households for different insurance schemes, decomposition methods are applied to disentangle the effect of household ‘composition and insurance’ degree of financial protection on Health Expenditures. Health Expenditure patterns have not changed in the last 10 years with drugs, outpatient care, and dental Health representing 60% of the Health Expenditure. Health Expenditure/income is similar for different income groups in the public insurance, but decreases with income in households with private coverage, reflecting regressivity in Health Expenditure. On the other hand, Health Expenditure as share of Expenditure increases with income for both groups. Per capita Health Expenditure in households with private coverage is four times the Expenditure of households with public insurance; this gap is mostly explained by differences in households’ Expenditure and demographics. Roughly 80% of the difference in Expenditure is explained by the model, showing the role of selection in understanding the Expenditure gap between insurance schemes.
Martine Piccart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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discrepancies in cancer incidence and mortality and its relationship to Health Expenditure in the 27 european union member states
Annals of Oncology, 2013Co-Authors: Felipe Ades, Christelle Senterre, E De Azambuja, Richard Sullivan, R A Popescu, Florence Parent, Martine PiccartAbstract:Background: The European Union (EU) is a confederation of 27 member states, the institutions of which work according to negotiated decisions. The EU has implemented similar legislation and a common market, and has adopted the same currency in most of its member states. Although financing Health systems is a responsibility of the national governments, the EU has enacted the Charter of Fundamental Rights to standardize public Health policies. However, for historical reasons, Health policy and Health Expenditure is not uniform across the 27 EU member states (EU-27). Material and methods: We hypothesized that increased Health Expenditure would be associated with better cancer outcome and that this would be most apparent in breast cancer, because of the availability of effective screening methods and treatments. Using publically available data from the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, we assessed associations between cancer indicators and wealth and Health indicators. To do so, we constructed scatter plots and used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: A marked difference in wealth and Health Expenditure indicators was observed between Eastern and Western European countries, with Western European being the higher. Higher wealth and higher Health Expenditures were associated both with increased cancer incidence and decreased cancer mortality. In breast cancer, the association with incidence was stronger. We created mortality/incidence ratios and observed that the more spent on Health, the fewer the deaths after a cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: Despite the initiatives to standardize public Health policies of the EU-27, Health Expenditure continues to be higher in Western European countries and this is associated with better cancer outcome in these countries.
Rezwanul Hasan Rana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Health Expenditure and gross domestic product: causality analysis by income level.
International journal of health economics and management, 2019Co-Authors: Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Khorshed Alam, Jeff GowAbstract:The empirical findings on the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and Health Expenditure are diverse. The influence of income levels on this causal relationship is unclear. This study examines if the direction of causality and income elasticity of Health Expenditure varies with income level. It uses the 1995–2014 panel data of 161 countries divided into four income groups. Unit root, cointegration and causality tests were employed to examine the relationship between GDP and Health Expenditure. Impulse-response functions and forecast-error variance decomposition tests were conducted to measure the responsiveness of Health Expenditure to changes in GDP. Finally, the common correlated effects mean group method was used to examine the income elasticity of Health Expenditure. Findings show that no long-term cointegration exists, and the growth in Health Expenditure and GDP across income levels has a different causal relationship when cross-sectional dependence in the panel is accounted for. About 43% of the variation in global Health Expenditure growth can be explained by economic growth. Income shocks affect Health Expenditure of high-income countries more than lower-income countries. Lastly, the income elasticity of Health Expenditure is less than one for all income levels. Therefore, Healthcare is a necessity. In comparison with markets, governments have greater obligation to provide essential Health care services. Such results have noticeable policy implications, especially for low-income countries where GDP growth does not cause increased Health Expenditure.
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The Impact of Immigration on Public and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in OECD Countries
Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2019Co-Authors: Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Khorshed Alam, Jeff GowAbstract:This paper examined the impact of the inflow of new immigrants on public and out-of-pocket Health Expenditure in 33 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Developments (OECD) countries over the period of 2000–2015. Dynamic panel data analysis is carried out using the one-step system ‘Generalised Method of Moments’ and the instrumental variable (IV) estimation approach whilst controlling for potential endogeneity. The inflow of new immigrants is modelled as a determinant of Health Expenditure. The results are robust to both static and dynamic models. The results show that an increasing inflow of immigrants is significantly related to out-of-pocket, but, surprisingly, not with public Health Expenditure. Moreover, the findings are similar for countries that primarily have publicly funded Healthcare systems or those more dominated by private financing of Healthcare. It can be concluded that new immigrants do not seek publicly funded Healthcare at least at the initial years of their relocation and that their arrival does not trigger a significant rise in public Healthcare Expenditure in the OECD countries.
